personal computer adapted by dr. semmes from mrs. jungman’s hardware presentation and mrs....
TRANSCRIPT
Personal Computer
Adapted by Dr. Semmes from Mrs. Jungman’s Hardware Presentation and Mrs. Belisle’s Class Notes
System Unit
The MotherboardThe Motherboard
Main circuit board in the system unit
Contains many electronic components
“backbone” of computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU, Processor, Microprocessor)Central Processing Unit (CPU, Processor, Microprocessor)
What are the components of the central processing unit?
CPU
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
(ALU)
Control Unit
Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit
A student enters a math problem into the memory of the computer
Step 1: The control unit fetches the math problem from memoryStep 2: The control unit decodes the math problem and sends it to the ALU
Step 3: The ALU executes the math problemStep 4: The results of the math problem are stored in memory
The result in memory displays on the screen of the monitor
What is a machine cycle?Together the four operations of the CPU comprise a
machine cycle
Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit
How is the speed of the CPU measured? According to
how many millions of instructions per second (MIPS) it can process
Data RepresentationData RepresentationWhat is the binary system?
Binary Digit (bit)
Electronic Charge
Electronic State
A number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1• A single digit is called a bit (binary digit)
• A bit is the smallest unit of data the computer can represent
• By itself a bit is not very informative
The two digits represent the two off and on states
Data RepresentationData RepresentationWhat is a byte?
8-bit byte for the number 3
8-bit byte for the number 5
8-bit byte for the capital letter T
Eight bits are grouped together to form a byte 0s and 1s in each byte are used to represent
individual characters such as letters of the alphabet, numbers, and punctuation
Data RepresentationData Representation
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
MemoryMemory
• Bytes are the basic storage unit in memory
• Each byte is stored at a specific location in memory called an address
How are bytes stored?
Each address has a unique identifying number, like the seats on an airplane
seat C22 seat B22 seat A22
Each address can hold only a single byte
Each address can be full or empty
MemoryMemoryHow is memory measured? Size of memory is measured by the number of
bytes available
• Kilobyte - 1,024 bytes
• Megabyte - one million bytes
Storage (hard disk)
RAM
Step 3: When you quit Word, RAM may be used to store another program or data. The program is removed from the screen and the operating system’s user interface redisplays.
Step 1: When your computer is running, certain operating system files are in RAM. Shown here is the operating system’s user interface.
Step 2: When you start a word processing program such as Word, the program loads into RAM from a hard disk. As you create a document, it is in RAM and displays on your screen.
Step 4: When you start a spreadsheet program such as Excel, the program loads into RAM from a hard disk. As you create a spreadsheet, it is in RAM and displays on your screen.
MemoryMemoryHow are applications transferred in and out of RAM?
Step 5: When you quit Excel, RAM may be used to store another program or data. Excel is removed from your screen and the operating system’s user interface redisplays.
Hard Drive
• Primary Storage
• Reads and Writes to hard disk
• Measured in gigabytes
Power Supply
• Provides Power
• Regulates Voltage
Let’s Go Shopping• Processor (CPU)
How Fast?
• MemoryHow Much?
• Hard Drive
How Big?• Operating System
Windows XP• Warranty
Dell Website
Dell Outlet
Use Your Own Data
Printout Info and Make Slide
16hardware
• dellchoice.ppt is file for your slide ($2523.75 limit)
• hardware.doc has questions you should answer