personal ity
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
1/22
Personality
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
2/22
What is Personality?
Personality can be defined
as a dynamic and organized
set of characteristicspossessed by a person that
uniquely influences his or
her cognitions, motivations,
and behaviors in varioussituations
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
3/22
Psychoanalytic Theory
Developed by Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud'sPsychoanalytic Theory hasbeen one of the most influentialtheories of our time.
It breaks the human personality
down into three critical parts: Id Ego Superego
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
4/22
According to Freud, the mind can be divided into two main parts:
The conscious mind includes everything that we are aware of.This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think andtalk about rationally. A part of this includes our memory, which is
not always part of consciousness but can be retrieved easily atany time and brought into our awareness. Freud called thisordinary memory the preconscious.
The unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges,and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. Most ofthe contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant,such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict. According to Freud,the unconscious continues to influence our behavior andexperience, even though we are unaware of these underlyinginfluences.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
5/22
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
6/22
Freuds Model of Personality Structure
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
7/22
Structure of Personality
Id - functions with the pleasure principle
Ego - works to maintain or control the Id. It operates on
the reality principal and tries to keep the Id straight.
Superego - The Superego is the conscience. It contains
the principles and ideals of society. The Superego
operates on idealism. It's goal is to inhibit the desires ofthe Id and convince the Ego to work towards more moral
goals rather than realistic ones.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
8/22
Examp
le
Mr. Smith walks into the grocery store and
sees a very attractive woman winking at
him and his Id thinks, "I'd like to go to that
woman and make love to her in the middle
of this store." The Ego then says, "wait,
you can't do that in front of all these
people, let's go to her house and do itthere." The Superego then says, "wait,
you can't do that, your married."
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
9/22
Personality Type Theory
The concept of personality type
refers to the psychological
classification of different types of
individuals. Personality types can
be distinguished from personalitytraits, which come in different levels
or degrees.
Types involve qualitative
differences between people,whereas traits involve quantitative
differences.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
10/22
The theory of Personality Types,as it stands today, contends that:
An individual is either primarilyExtraverted orIntroverted
An individual is either primarily
Sensing or iNtuitive
An individual is either primarilyThinking orFeeling
An individual is either primarilyJudging orPerceiving
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
11/22
ESFJ extroverted sensing
feeling judgment
ENFP extroverted intuitivefeeling perceiving
ENFJ extroverted intuitive
feeling judgment
ENTP extroverted intuitive
thinking perceiving
ENTJ extroverted intuitive
thinking judgment
ESTP- extroverted sensing
thinking perceiving
INTP- introverted intuitive
thinking perceiving
INTJ- introverted intuitive
thinking judgment
INFP- introverted intuitivefeeling perceiving
INFJ- introverted intuitive
feeling judgment
ISFP- introverted sensing
feeling perceiving ISFJ- introverted sensing
feeling judgment
ISTP- Introverted sensing
thinking perceiving
ISTJ- Introverted Sensing
Thinking Judgment
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
12/22
Sixteen Types of Personality
ISTJ - The DutyFulfillers
ESTJ - The Guardians
ISFJ - The Nurturers ESFJ - The Caregivers ISTP - The Mechanics ESTP - The Doers
ESFP - The Performers ISFP - The Artists
ENTJ - The Executives
INTJ - The Scientists
ENTP - The Visionaries
INTP - The Thinkers
ENFJ - The Givers
INFJ - The Protectors
ENFP - The InspirersINFP - The Idealists
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
13/22
The possible combinations of the basic preferences form
16 different Personality Types. This does not mean that all(or even most) individuals will fall strictly into one category
or another.
The theory of Personality Types contends that each of us
has a natural preference which falls into one category or
the other in each of these four areas, and that our native
Personality Type indicates how we are likely to deal with
different situations that life presents, and in which
environments we are most comfortable.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
14/22
Growth of Personality
From age 0-6
From 6-12
From 12-20
From 20-35
From 35-50
From 50 onwards
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
15/22
Example
From age 0-6 Our little INFJ has not yet emerged as any
particular personality type, although our parents may
notice trends in behavior which appear to have the
characteristics of one or more types.
From 6-12 Our young INFJ begins to appear dreamy and
introspective - we begin to prefer to use our intuition to
take in information, and chooses to do this alone
(Introverted). The dominant function of "Introvertedintuition" begins to show itself as the prevailing aspect of
his personality.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
16/22
From 12-20 we see the auxiliary Feeling function come to
the front during this phase as a support to the dominant
intuitive function. Since the INFJ's dominant function is anInformation Gathering function, the auxiliary function must
be a Decision Making one. Without a Decision Making
process, we would flounder about and never get anything
done! As the auxiliary Feeling process comes forth, the
INFJ begins to develop the ability to make decisions basedon his personal value system. This auxiliary decision
making process will be Extraverted, since the dominant
function is Introverted. Since the decision making function
is Extraverted, our subject now emerges as a "Judger",rather than a "Perceiver". Our INFJ Personality Type is now
pretty firmly set in place, and we know the dominance
ordering of the four functions.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
17/22
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
18/22
Temperament is a theory of psychology that stems from the ancient medical
concept of humorism, or "humours" in UK English.
Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humors theory.
It may have origins in ancient Egypt or Mesopotamia, but it was theGreek physician Hippocrates (460-370 BC) who systemized anddeveloped it into a medical theory.
Hippocrates believed certain human moods, emotions and behaviorswere caused by body fluids (called "humors"): blood, yellow bile,black bile, and phlegm.
Galen (AD 131-200) developed the first typology of
temperament in his dissertation De temperamentis,and searched for physiological reasons for different
behaviors in humans.
In The Canon of Medicine, Avicenna (980-1037 AD) then extended the theory of temperaments to encompass
"emotional aspects, mental capacity, moral attitudes, self-awareness, movements and dreams.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
19/22
4 Temperaments
Sanguine- A person who is sanguine is generally light-hearted, funloving, apeople person, loves to entertain, spontaneous, leader abilities, and confident.
However they can be arrogant, cocky, and indulgent. He/She can be day-
dreamy and off-task to the point of not accomplishing anything and can be
impulsive, possibly acting on whims in an unpredictable fashion.
Choleric - A person who is choleric is a doer. Theyhave a lot of ambition, energy, and passion, and
try to instill it in others. They can dominate people
of other temperaments, especially phlegmatic types.
Many great charismatic military and political figures
were cholerics. On the negative side, they are easily
angered or bad-tempered.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
20/22
Melancholic - A person who is a thoughtful ponderer has a melancholicdisposition. Often very kind and considerate, melancholics can be highlycreative as in poetry and art - but also can become overly pre-occupiedwith the tragedy and cruelty in the world, thus becoming depressed. A
melancholic is also often a perfectionist, being very particular about whatthey want and how they want it in some cases. This often results in
being unsatisfied with one's own artistic or
creative works and always pointing out to
themselves what could and should be improved.
They are often loners and most times chooseto stay alone and reflect.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
21/22
Phlegmatic - are generally self-content and kind. Theirshy personality can often inhibit enthusiasm in othersand make themselves lazy and resistant to change. Theyare very consistent, relaxed, rational, curious, and
observant, making them good administrators anddiplomats. Like the sanguine personality, the phlegmatichas many friends. However the phlegmatic is morereliable and compassionate; these characteristicstypically make the phlegmatic a more dependable friend.
-
8/14/2019 Personal Ity
22/22
An individual's self-concept is the coreof his personality. It affects every
aspect of human behavior: the ability
to learn, the capacity to grow andchange. A strong, positive self-imageis the best possible preparation for
success in life.
Dr. Joyce Brothers