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Emil Kleber - Commanded the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War Sidney Shulemson - The most decorated Canadian JewThomas Gould - Won Britain's highest award, the Victoria Cross, in World War 2Ernest Frank Benjamin - Canadian general who commanded the British Army's Jewish Brigadein WW2

Yosef Trumpeldor - A military officer who together with Jabotinsky founded the Jewishlegion,«Charles Strauss - diminutive, goateed, bespectacled, gun-wielding Jewish sheriff of Tuscon,ArizonaAbba Kovner - Jewish partisan leader during WW2Sam Dreben - Warrior, Patriot, American HeroJeremy Boorda - U.S. admiral, chief of naval operationsUriah P. Levy - Commodore of the US NavyHyman Rickover - U.S. admiral, father of the U.S. navy nuclear submarineMaurice Rose - Colorado's Fighting General: a truly brilliant American soldier Morris Bright - The first Jew to rise from the lower deck of the Royal Navy to senior rank.

Ben Dunkelman - A highly decorated Canadian veteran who lead Israel's 7th Brigade during theWar«Issy Smith - This British infantryman won the Victoria Cross in WW1

Frank De Pass - The first Jew to be awarded Britain's Victoria CrossYoni Netanyahu - Commando of Operation Thunderbolt, aka the raid on Entebbe. He was killedin«Leonard Keysor - Australian Victoria Cross winner Wesley Clark - fmr. NATO Allied Commander in EuropeTwo-Gun Cohen - an infallible mover and a shaker in Chinese history (b. 1887)Sir John Monash - Commanded Australian troops in France during WW1Moshe Dayan - Israeli soldier and statesman, 6-Day war heroAriel Sharon - Prime Minister of Israel, Defense Minister Alfred Dreyfus - Captain in the French army, victim of antisemitism (1894)David Marcus - Colone David Marcus, American officer who died for Jerusalem in Israel's war of«Herschel Grynszpan - assassin of Nazi foreign service officer Ernst vom RathIgnÃ¡c Helfy - Hungarian freedom fighter in 1848-49 liberty war, Kossuth's palatine.

http://www.heebz.com/categories/Military-and-Police



17751783 The American Revolutionary War

1. Mordecai Sheftall was a leader in the Revolutionary movement against the British in Georgia

2. Solomon Bush was an officer in the Pennsylvania militia, 1777-87

3. Haym Salomon, (American Revolution), Sons of Liberty, Financier

4. F

rancis Salvador, (American Revolution),Paul Revere of the South5. Jonas Phillips (1736-1803), In 1778 he joined the Revolutionary army, serving in the Philadelphia

Militia under Colonel Bradford.

6. David Nudez Cardozo

7. NONES, Benjamin 1757±1826. US soldier. Nones was born in Bordeaux, France, andcame to the United States during the revolutionary period. He served as an aide toGeneral Washington, with the rank of major, and was cited for bravery in battle. After independence, he settled in Philadelphia and became a leader of the local Jewishcommunity. He supported the abolitionist movement and voluntarily freed his ownslaves. [Who¶s Who in Jewish History, 1974]

[famous Jewish Soldiers Back to Top]

17921802 French Revolutionary Wars

1.


1812-1815 War of 1812

1. Judah Touro, (War of 1812), civilian volunteer in American Army, Philanthropist

2. Jean Lafitte, Buccaneer leader who aided ???????????Jackson's defeat of British in the Battle of

New Orleans War of 1812.

3. Uriah Phillips Levy ( April 22 , 1792 - March 26 , 1862 ) was the first Jewish Commodore of the

United States Navy and a veteran of the War of 1812. First Jewish Chapel at the United States

Naval Academy named for him.

4. John Ordroneaux a naval commander, sank five British ships in one battle and was raised to therank of commodore. In 1814, at the Battle of Fort McHenry,there were 30 Jews in the garrison.

5. Captain Mordecai Myers 13th Pennsylvania Infantry.

6. Levi Myers Harby captain. Elso was involved in the Seminole Indian War in Florida in 1828.




1830 July Revolution in France

1.


1846-1848 Mexican-American War

1. Alfred Mordecai(1804 -1887) major.Joined the North in the Civl War in 1861.

2. Dr David Camden DeLeon

3. Leon Dyer, Colonel


1861-1865 American Civil War

There were about 150,000 Jews in the country and about 8.500

of them took part in the war.

North army had:

Generals - 8

Colonels - 21Lieutenant colonel - 9

Majors - 40

Captains - 205

Lieutenants - 325

Adjutants - 48

Surgeons - 25

Only New York had 2,000 volunteers.

General Oliver O. Howard wrote: "that there were no braver and patriotic men to be found then those

of Hebrew descent" [Seymour Brody., 1995]

Six Jews are recognized by the Jewish War Veterans of America as earning theCongressional Medal of Honor during the Civil War.

(see Official Website of CMOHS.org: The Congressional Medal of Honor Society ).



1. COHN, ABRAHAM Rank and organization: Sergeant Major, 6th New Hampshire Infantry Places

and dates: At Wilderness, Virginia, 6 May 1864; At the mine, Petersburg, Virginia, 30 July, 1864

Birth: Prussia Date of issue: 24 August, 1865

2. BENJAMIN LEVY Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 40th New York Infantry Place and

date: Glendale, Virginia, 30 June, 1862 Date of issue: 1 March, 1865

3. LEOPOLD KARPELES Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company E, Massachusetts Infantry Place

and date: Wilderness, Virginia, 6 May, 1864 Birth: Hungary Date of issue: 30 April, 1870

4. DAVID ORBANSKY Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 58th Ohio Infantry Places and

dates: At Shiloh, Tennessee, Vicksburg, Mississippi, etc. 1862 and 1863 Birth: Prussia Date of

issue: 2 August, 1879

5. HENRY HELLER Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company A, 66th Ohio Infantry Place and date:

Chancellorsville, Virginia, 2 May, 1863 Entered Service at: Urbana, Ohio Date of issue: 29 July,

1892

6. GAUSE, ISAAC Rank and organization: Corporal, Company E, 2nd Ohio Cavalry Place and date:

Near Berryville, Virginia, 13 September, 1864 Birth: Trumbull County, Ohio Date of issue: 19

September, 1864

On March 15, 1896, seventy-eight Jewish Civil War veterans of the Union armies gathered andmet in New York City's Lexington Opera House.

From: Jewish Heroes and Heroines of America, © 1996, written by Seymour "Sy" Brody of Delray Beach, Florida, illustrated by Art Seiden of Woodmere, New York, and published byLifetime Books, Inc., Hollywood, FL.

y Edward S. Salomon, Brigadier General(Civil War)

y Louis Leon, North Carolina Tar Heel Confederate Army soldier.

y Moses Jacob Ezekiel, Confederate Army soldier

y Isaac J. Levy, Confederate soldier of the 46th Virginia Infantry.

y Simon Suhler, (Civil War), (American Indian wars), Medal of Honor recipient.

y Phoebe Yates Levy Pember (August 18, 1823 - March 4, 1913) a nurse and female administrator of

Chimborazo Hospital at Richmond, Virginia during the American Civil War

y Judah Philip Benjamin (August 6, 1811 May 6, 1884) - he was the first Attorney General of the

Confederacy on February 25, 1861.

About Jewish Confederates read more in the book: " The Jewish Confederates" by Robert N. Rosen.,2000 University of South Carolina.

confederate military cemetery

wars with Indians

y Charles Gardner(Simon Shuster) Congressional Medal of Honor for fight with Apaches in Arizona 1866



y George Geiger. Congressional Medal of Honor for Indian Campaign. Medal was issued on October 5,

1878

y Samuel Marguiles(Samuel Gross) was awarded Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery.

Spanish American war April 21, 1898 August 1898

About 5,000 Jews served in this war. (30 Jewish Army officers and 20 navy officers, 29 were killed)

y corporal Ben Prager received the Silver Star medal for bravery.

y Sergeant Maurice Joost of the First California Volunteers, was the first man to fall in the attack on

Manila. [Seymour Brody]


1899-1902 Second Anglo-Boer War

Jews fought on both sides during the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). Some of the mostnotable fights during the three years' Boer war ² such as the Gun Hill incident before the Siegeof LadysmithSiege of Ladysmith The Siege of Ladysmith was a protracted engagement in theSecond Boer War, taking place between 30 October 1899 and 28 February 1900 at Ladysmith,KwaZulu-Natal, Colony of Natal.... ² involved Jewish soldiers like Major Karri Davies. Nearly

2,800 Jews fought on the BritishUnited Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereignstate located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe.... side and the London Spectator counted that 125 were killed. [Jewish Encyclopedia]

Around 300 Jews served among the Boers during the second Boer War and were known asBoerjode: those who had citizenship rights were conscripted along with other burghers("citizens"), but there were also a number of volunteers. Jews fought under the Boers' Vierkleur ("four colored") flag in many of the major battles and engagements and during the guerilla phaseof the war, and a dozen are known to have died. Around 80 were captured and held in BritishPOW camps in South Africa. Some were sent as far afield as St. Helena.




1904 - 1905 Russian Japanese war

The number of Jews at the front was disproportionately large²it amounted to some thirtythousand, owing to the fact that, in accordance with the usual military regulations, the Jewishrecruits from the Western governments were generally despatched to Siberia, so that, at the veryoutset, they were near the theatre of military operations. Disproportionately large was also thenumber of Jewish physicians in the reserves. Out of the thirty physicians who were mobilized inKiev twenty-six were Jews. In Odessa, the Jews furnished twenty-one physicians out of thirty.[Dubnov THE JEWS IN RUSSIA AND POLAND. V3 p 95.]


1914 - 1918 World War I

When the United States declared war against Germany in April 1917, Jews represented only 3.27% of the total population, yet they made up 5.73% of the country armed forces. From more than250,000 Jews served approximately 3,500 Jews were killed. [

Seymour Brody., 1995]

1. Sergeant Benjamin Kaufman Congressional Medal of Honour and 9 foreign government

awards for bravery.

2. Sergeant Sam Dreben Distinguished Service Cross, the Croix de Guerre, Militaire medal.

3. Captain Elkan Voorsanger - Purple Heat, Croix de Guerre.

4. Sergeant William Sawelson - Congressional Medal of Honour

5. Sergeant Sidney G. Gumpertz - Congressional Medal of Honour.

6. Corporal Louis Abend - Croix de Guerre

7. Sergeant Benjamin Shapiro - Croix de Guerre

8. Private Abraham Krotoshinsky

9. Major General Milton J. Foremen - Distinguished Service Cross for bravery.

10. Colonel Abel Davis

11. Lieutenant Benjamin B. Prager.




1939 - 1945 World War II

1. M

aurice Rose, Major General, (World War II) Negotiated the unconditional surrender of theGermans in Tunisia, Commanded 3rd Armored Division: the first division to cross the German

border and the first to breach the Siegfried line, killed in combat.

2. Mark Wayne Clark, Major General, commander of Fifth U.S. Army World War II

3. John B. Oakes, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army, World War II; Bronze Star, member of O.S.S.

Office of Strategic Services; also Croix de Guerre, Medaille de Reconnaissance (France), and

Order of the British Empire

4. Robert Rosenthal, lieutenant colonel, USAF in World War II.

5. Sergeant Meyer Levin was killed in 25. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, the

Silver Star, Oak leaf Cluster, the Purple Heart and Certificate of Merit.

6.

[f amous Jewish Soldiers Back to Top]

1948, May - 1949 June, 20 Israeli Arab War

1.


1950 and after

Jewish Heroes of the Korean War

Melvin GartenJoseph I. Gurfein

Abraham Geller

y Tibor Rubin, (Korea) Medal of Honor for actions in battle and in Chinese POW camp.

Jewish Vietnam War Heroes

Colonel Jack H. Jacobs: Medal of Honor



Major General Stanley H. Hyman

Major General Robert B. Solomon.

Stewart S. Burr, private first class, was killed. Silver Star Medal.

Jewish Vietnam War Heroes from Museum in Washington, D.C.

Roger Steven Briskin, corporal Fred Zedeck, captain Joseph Ira Goldstein, lieutenant

1. Joseph Liebgott, served in Easy Company, 506th Battalion, 101st Airborne Division in the

Second World War, Technician (T/5)

2. Robert Magnus, Former Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, Retired July 17, 2008

3. Sam Dreben, served in the in the United States Army in the Philippines, Panama Canal Zone

the Pancho Villa Expedition, and World War I, also fought in Honduras Guatemala, Nicaragua,

and the Mexican revolution. Noted for his prowess with machine guns.

4. Edward Ellsberg, finished first in his class at the United States Naval Academy (1914),

ultimately rose to rank of Rear Admiral.

5. Jack H. Jacobs, Colonel (United States) Medal of Honor recipient

6. David "M

ickey"M

arcus, (World WarII

), Army lieutenant colonel, West Point graduate,Divisional Judge Advocate, Division Commander, attended the Big Five meetings, volunteered

to join D-Day airborne assault without formal training. Distinguished Service Cross, Bronze

Star, and British decorations. Volunteered to Israeli Army to defend against Transjordan Arab

Legion. Became first Israeli Brigadier General, and served as Commander of Jerusalem front.

7. Mark Polansky, NASA, USAF (Ret.), Space Shuttle Commander

8. Hyman Rickover, United States Navy Admiral, Father of the Nuclear Navy.

9. Marvin A. Sibulkin, Sergeant Major U.S. Army 1958-1983; Legion of Merit, Bronze Star (9th Inf

Div), Bronze Star 1st Oak Leaf Cluster (Vietnam), Defense Meritorious Service Medal; 3 Army

Commendation Medals.

10. Michael Yury Tarlavsky, Captain, US Army 5th Special Forces Group; Killed in action during

Operation Iraqi Freedom

11. Norton A. Schwartz, 1973 graduate of the "Air Force Academy", 19th Air Force Chief of Staff


War

1.




Jewish Soldiers

Search for Jewish Soldiers.

Bibliography:

y "Jewish Heroes Of America", by Seymour Brody., 1995

Please send me email with famous Jewish Soldiers that are not in our list, and I will add it to Jewish

Soldiers directory.(this page)

Learn about Military Loans

http://www.jewishsphere.com/Directory/JewishWarHeroes.html

Jews in the German Army (back to top)

In the story Europa Europa, Shlomo Perel tells an extraordinary tale of how he survived the

Nazi Holocaust. After escaping the German occupation of Poland by fleeing to the Russianside, he was later captured by the Germans as they advanced into Russia. Once captured, he pretended to be German and was recruited as a German soldier. The commander of his unitliked him so much that he was sent to a prestigious Hitler Youth program, keeping his identitysecret until the end of the war. It is a tale of survival at the cost of disowning one¶s ownheritage and of helping those who ultimately persecute your relatives. My question is, was thisa single case? Did other Jews join the ranks of the army or deny their heritage in order tosurvive? In his book Hitler¶s Jewish Soldiers, Bryan Rigg looks at the particular case of the Mischlinge (the half-Jews and quarter-Jews), and howthey lived and were treated during the Nazi Regime. His book gives newinsight into how this large ethnic population was viewed during the Holocaust,

and how they viewed themselves. In focusing on the Mischlinge who served inthe Nazi army, we come to a realization of how deep personal beliefs in one'sheritage will go, as well as what others will do in order to survive.

Many people assume that there were no Jews in the Wehrmacht . Rigg adequately proves thatthis is far from the truth. "Although the exact number of Mischlinge who fought for Germanyduring World War II cannot be determined, they probably numbered more than 150,000."(Rigg, Mark. Hitler¶s Jewish Soldiers, University Press of Kansas, 2002) Rigg came to this



number by searching through hundreds of German documents which listed names of men inthe army with µhalf-Jewish¶ ancestry, as well as lists of exemptions for these Mischlinge. If this number is correct, the question arises as to why these Mischlinge would help to fight for aregime that openly persecuted them? Rigg tries to answer that question by answering other questions and issues such as, who is a Jew? Who is a Mischling? Jewish assimilation in

Germany, a history of German and Austrian Jews who served in their countries¶ armed forces,the regulations for Jews and Mischling in the Wehrmacht, and official exemptions from racial persecution offered by Hitler himself.

The Nazi regime had sole control in deciding who was Jewish and who was not when it cameto their documentation in identity, as well as who was a Mischlinge. However, an individualsdefinition of what it meant to be Jewish may be different. For instance, Hitler argued that theJewish father passed as much Jewsihness to a child as a Jewish mother (Rigg, 16). However,the Jewish tradition of Hekel states that they inherit their Jewishness from the mother¶s side(Rigg, 7) Mischlinge, was an even more confused definition, as it implied that one was alsohalf German. It was in determining which half was more "prominent" that determined one¶s

identity.

One answer to why some "half-Jews" joined the army may be that some of the Mischlinge didnot think of themselves as Jewish. Rigg summarizes what one "half-Jewish" survivor, HelmutKruger, had to say about his ancestry:

He struggled for twelve years to convince the Nazis he was not Jewish butrather a loyal German Patriot«Kruger insists that he had nothing to do withhis mother¶s Jewishness. He was born German and raised as a Christian.Kruger dislikes being called a Jew, not because he is anti-Semitic, but becausehe does not feel Jewish. Kruger believes that he is just Helmut Kruger, born a

German not by choice but by chance to a German-Jewish mother who, likemany Jews, assimilated and shed her Jewishness to integrate fully into thedominant society. Krguer¶s opinion is common among Mischlinge. (Rigg, 11)

Apparently many Mischlinge did not feel that half of their ancestry should be reason enoughto be considered a Jew over being a German. Moreover, they were truly passionate Germans.Many like Kruger joined the ranks of the Wehrmacht in order to prove their "Aryanhood," and be considered normal. One German Mischling wrote this to his grandmother, "Don¶t yourealize how much I¶m with my whole being rooted in Germany. My life would be very sadwithout my homeland, without the wonderful German art, without the belief in Germany¶s powerful past and the powerful future that awaits Germany." (Rigg, 28) These Mischlinge

thought of themselves as fully German, they were not trying to hide their ancestry, but mainlytrying to show that they did not believe in it. One "half-Jew," Hans Pollack, learned of hisJewish ancestry in 1935. Rigg writes:

He had read about Jews in school and the press and felt upset to be associatedwith the. µI tell you honestly, I don¶t like Jews«That¶s correct. I would never do anything to a Jew, I must also tell you that, because the Jew is also a human being«When I get to know a Jew, he¶s no longer a Jew, but a mensch like you



and me. (Rigg, 24)

Hans, like so many others, did not identify himself as being Jewish. They went to join theranks of the Wehrmacht to prove their loyalty to the German people as faithful Germans, notto escape the fate of being Jewish.

Many Mischlinge, however, followed the same path as Shlomo Peril, that is, hiding bydisowning their religious affiliation.

Field Marshal and State Secretay of Aviation Erhard Alfred Richard Oskar Milch¶s "Aryanization" was the most famous case of a Mischling falsifying afather. In 1933, Frau Clara Milch went to her son-in-law, Fritz HeinrichHermann, police president of Hagen and later SS general, and gave him anaffidavit stating that her deceased uncle, Carl Brauer, rather than her Jewishhusband, Anton Milch, had fathered her six children.« In 1935, Hitler accepted the mother¶s testimony« (Rigg, 29)

This testimony of incest was accepted as a means to save her son¶s life, thus making him pureAryan and able to serve the Luftwaffe. Ironically, Brigg later says that there was suspicionthat Milch¶s mother was also Jewish, making the Field Marshal and Secretary of Aviation afull blooded Jew. It is also interesting to note that incest was seen as more socially acceptablethen being a Jew. Through his mother¶s own testimony Milch was able to hide his ancestry,and thus survive the war as a top commander.

Many more Mischlinge soldiers had to hide their ancestry in order to stay in the army andavoid persecution. Many Aryan mothers would testify that they had affairs with other Aryanmen instead of their Jewish husbands. Others, like Joachim Lowen, decided to attack their

mother¶s virtue in order to hide their blood. "My own brother went to the Gestapo and claimedthat our mother was a slut and had been a prostitute. The Gestapo reviewed our case anddeclared us deutschblutig (of German blood)." (Rigg, 31) These two brothers were then ableto hide their ancestry by defaming their mother and continuing to serve in the army.

Other Mischlinge went to serve in the army not to save or hide themselves, but rather to savetheir Jewish relatives. Three Mischlinge brothers joined the army in order to save their Jewishmother, whom their Aryan father had divorced her because she was Jewish and he might havelost his business. "He (Unteroffizier Gunther Scheffler) hoped that as long as one of themserved in the Wehrmacht, the Gestapo would leave their mother alone. Helena survived thewar." Through proving themselves as strong soldiers and valuable to the German people, these

three brothers were able to save their mother.

In the end there are numerous examples of Mischlinge who decided that the best way for survival was to prove their Aryanhood. The army, for many, was one successful way to provetheir worth to society, and consequently, to survive.



References (back to top)

y Europa Europa. Dir. Agnieszka Holland. Perf. Michael Hofschnieder. 1990.

This movie is based on the novel by Salek Perel in which he tells his story of how he survived

the Holocaust. By deceiving the German forces into thinking that he himself was German, he

was able to escape detection by joining the Hitler Youth.y Laura Pritchard. Review of Hitler's Jewish Soldiers: The Untold Story of Nazi Racial Laws and

Men of Jewish Descent in the German Military , by Bryan Rigg. Mendell Fellowship Book

Reviews, 2002.

This review gives an overview of all of the points that Bryan Rigg talked about in his book. It

gives him an excellent review and recommends it to others.

y Rigg, Bryan Mark , Hitlers Jewish Soldiers: The Untold Story of Nazi Racial Laws and Men of

Jewish Descent in the German Military . University Press, Kansas, 2002.

Bryan Rigg spent ten years of research studying those of Jewish descent who served in the

Wehrmacht army. His research gives new insight into the Nazi regime and their attitudes

toward Mischlinge and the policies to them, specifically towards those that served in the

army.

y Rigg, Bryan Mark , Lives of Hitlers Jewish Soldiers (University Press, Kansas, 2009), 314 pages.[added 6/5/10]

o University of Kansas Press book page; $24 & searchable at amazon

o review on H-German, June 2010 by David Yelton

o review on HistoryToday.com by David Cesarani

About the Author (back to top)

Mark Enmeier

I am a senior history student at UCSB graduating in the spring of 06. My emphasis is onMedieval and Renaissance Europe. I was recently given the opportunity to study abroad in theeternal city of Rome. There I visited a Nazi holding cell for Jews before they were deported.This sparked another interest in World War II as well as the Holocaust. After I receive my bachelors degree I plan to become a high school history teacher.

http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/projects/jewishlife/JewishSoldiersMark.htm

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