personality theoriespshs.psd202.org/documents/eforsber/1520339888.pdf · 2018-03-06 · variations...
TRANSCRIPT
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PERSONALITY THEORIESFREUDIAN PSYCHODYNAMICS
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PERSONALITY DEFINED
The unique pattern of enduring thoughts, feelings,
and actions that characterize a person
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A LITTLE BACKGROUND ON SIGMUND FREUD…
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PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Freud believed psychological influences caused disorders
Wanted to see what these psychological influences were
Developed first comprehensive personality theory ever!!
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PSYCHODYNAMIC
Sigmund Freud
Conscious
Unconscious Fears
Immoral urges Selfish needs
Traumatic
experiences
Unacceptable sexual
desires
Irrational wishes
Violent impulses
Thoughts
Unresolved conflicts
Painful memories
Emotionsmemories
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EXPLORING THE UNCONSCIOUS
• Freud asked patients to say whatever came to their mind to tap the unconscious
Free association
• Patients retrieved painful thoughts, once retrieved feel better
Psychoanalysis
• Filled with unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories
Unconscious Mind
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THE STRUCTURE OF THE MIND
ID EGO SUPEREGO
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THE ID
• Promote positive, constructive behavior
• Reflect the libido (energy source).
EROS: “Life Instincts”
• Responsible of aggression & destructiveness.
THANTOS: “Death Instincts”
• Seeking immediate satisfaction of both kinds of instincts
• While unconscious, the id seeks expression through…
• 1. Dreams
• 2. Freudian Slips (Slips of the Tongue)
Pleasure Principle
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THE EGO
• Parents/teachers & others begin to place restrictions on Id expressions.
Develops from the Id
• Makes compromises b/w the Id’s demands & practicality of the real world.
Reality Principle
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THE UNCONSCIOUS AT WORK
Naomi’s id wants her to eat an entire plate of donuts.
The ego suggests a more moderate response, which may partially satisfy the id.
Naomi decides to have one donut.
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THE SUPEREGO
• Tells us what we should & should not do
Develops from internalizing societal & cultural values
• Feelings of guilt for doing bad; feelings of pride for doing good.
Moral Guide
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THE UNCONSCIOUS AT WORK
You are a small child in a candy store. Your id is screaming for candy.
The superego is saying, “You know it is wrong to steal candy.”
The ego decides that the best way to handle this dilemma is for you to go home and ask your mother for your allowance.
Then you can go back and buy the candy, satisfying both the id and the superego.
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PSYCHODYNAMIC CONFLICTS
Id, ego & superego compete and conflict.
Personalities are shaped by the number, nature and outcome of
these conflicts.
Ego’s function in the conflict is to prevent anxiety or guilt when
we are aware of our id impulses or violate superego’s rules.
This ego sometimes uses defense mechanisms to prevent
anxiety or guilt.
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ID/EGO/SUPEREGO REVIEW
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DEFENSE MECHANISMS
• “To Forget”
Repression
• “To Not Admit”
Denial
• “To Redirect Anger”
Displacement
• “To Express The Opposite”
Reaction Formation
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DEFENSE MECHANISMS
• “To Go Backward”
Regression
• “To Make Excuses”
Rationalization
• “To Point The Finger”
Projection
• “To Channel Impulses”
Sublimation
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DEFENSE MECHANISMS
• “To Overachieve”
Compensation
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PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Occurs in stages.
Healthy personalities complete stages
without the libidobecoming fixated in
earlier stages.
Fixation occurs when a child becomes too
comfortable in a stage OR they are
traumatized in a stage.
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STAGES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Period
Genital Stage
Impulses stay in the background.
Focus becomes development of social
skills.
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*****
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SPAZZ & MR. BEARAPPLYING PSYCHODYNAMICS
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What stage does Spazz seem to be strongly fixated in?
Why?
Provide two examples that illustrate Spazz
has reached the Phallic Stage.
List at least 2 personality traits that will remain the same
throughout Spazz’s life.
FREUDIAN PSYCHODYNAMICS
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EVALUATING FREUDIAN PSYCHODYNAMICS
Negatives
Not empirical or representative PENIS ENVY???
Positives
Stimulated personality developmental theories
Defense Mechanisms Emotions may not be
consciously felt
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VARIATIONS ON FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY: NEO FREUDIANS
Carl Jung
• Extroverted & introverted personality types
• “Collective unconscious” & archetypes
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VARIATIONS ON FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY: NEO FREUDIANS
Alfred Adler
• Personality develops from innate desire to control our environment & overcome helplessness
• “Strive for Superiority”
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VARIATIONS ON FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY: NEO FREUDIANS
Karen Horney• Countered Freud’s penis envy w/ womb envy
• Women feel inferior because of cultural & political restrictions.
• People in general must deal with “neurotic needs”
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CONTEMPORARY PSYCHODYNAMICS: OBJECT RELATIONS
Studies how people’s perceptions of
themselves influence their view of the
world
The first relationships b/w infants & love objects (mothers) vitally important
Focus on attachments (secure & insecure)