Personality!

Personality!Q--Who am I and how did I get here?Personality Assessments!How do psychologists figure out what kind of personality you have?Projective TestsTATRorschachHouse-tree-personSelf Report InventoriesMMPI-2Myers Briggs

Projective TestsMake a Rorschach Ink blot and then use it to do research on others to see if you can figure out their personality. Take the House-Tree-Person TestWhat type of psychologist would be most likely to use a projective test?Are these reliable? Are they valid?Barnum Effect

Self Report InventoriesMost psychologists use self reporting inventories to test personality.Are they reliable? Are they valid?Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)widely usedMyers-Briggs http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.aspTake by 2/17!PersonalityPersonalitythe unique abilities, behaviors, and emotions that characterize a person

Describe your personality

Psychoanalytic Theory--PersonalityFreudian TheoryBased on the discontinuous psychosexual stages of developmentGirls suffer from penis envy and boys suffer from castration anxietyBoys use the defense mechanism of Identification to emulate a male figure that threatens them. They break away from mom and identify with Dad.What if their mother is the one who threatens them and emasculates them?Psychoanalytic Theory--PersonalityFixation in one of the psychosexual stages is the key to your personalityIf your libido, pscyhic energy, gets stuck in one of the stages then that is where you will continue to pour all your energy and effortsYour personality is mostly unconsciousyou are not aware of what you do and why you do it.Psychoanalytic Theory--Personality

Psychoanalytic Theory--PersonalityFreud said there are 3 parts to personalityid, ego, and superegoIdall id at birth pleasure principle, instincts, and psychic energy dedicated to Eros and ThanatosLibido directs life instincts to Eros for things such as sexThanatos directs energy to aggression

Psychoanalytic Theory--PersonalityEgoThe Reality Principle: Negotiate with the ID and the reality of the situationEgo protects the conscious mind from threatening thoughtsuses defense mechanisms Repression vs. Suppressionex.Denialex.Displacementex.Projectionex.Reaction Formationex.Regressionex.Rationalizationex.Intellectualizationex.Sublimationex.

Psychoanalytic Theory--PersonalitySuper Egobegins to develop @ 5 yrs. Kids develop a conscience and begin to think about what is right and wrongdriven by guilt and shoulds

PsychoanalyticCriticisms of FreudFeminists, such as Karen Horney, say there is no such thing as Penis Envy, but if so then men suffer from Womb Envy.Karen Horney said children suffer from Basic Anxiety if parent is non-responsive and this leads to Basic HostilityNever directed at parent.EffectsMoving Toward, Moving Away, Moving AgainstCan we mitigated with consistent LOVE!

Psychodynamic Theory on PersonalityPsychodynamic or Neo-Freudian means:Carl JungIndividuationindividual, unified wholecomplete personPersonal Unconscious vs. Collective UnconsciousPersonal UnconsciousComplexesDo you show signs of a Complex?Collective UnconsciousPassed downArchetypesThe ShadowThe PersonaDo you self monitordiscuss with a neighbor!

Psychodynamic Theory on PersonalityAlfred AdlerConscious is more important than unconsciousPeople are motivated by a fear of failure--he called this inferiorityThey are also motivated by a desire to achievecalled drive for superiorityGreat examples???Inferiority Complex can be cripplingDiscussed Birth Order significanceHave you neighbor guess your birth order

Trait TheoristsDescribe peoples personalities by specifying their main characteristics or TRAITSThese characteristics are STABLENomothetic approachall people can be characterized by similar categoriesEyesenck: Introvert vs. Extrovert and Stable vs. UnstableWhat are you? Discuss with your neighbor!

X marks your spot!

Trait TheoristsCattell16 PF (personality factor)-16 basic traits can describe in all people

Big FiveCConscientousnessAAgreeablenessNNeuroticismOOpennessEExtraversion

Trait TheoristsFactor Analysisstatistical technique to correlate traits into groups so that we have 16 basic traits for most humansEx.What traits go along with neatness?

Idiographicno way people can be described with the same traitsNeed to see people in terms of their individual traitsStand Up--Do you agree with Nomothetic or Idiographic?Trait TheoristsAllportCardinal Dispositionpivotal role in everything we doCentral Dispositiondominant traits but not as significant as cardinalSecondary Dispositionlesser seen traits that might only come up in certain situationsWrite down examples for your self for eachTrait TheoristsCriticisms of Trait Theorists?The Biology of PersonalityWhat is the likelihood of heritability of traits?Discuss with neighbor

Nature: Much evidence suggests that genes play a role in temperamentwhich is defined as the emotional style of the person and the way they deal with the world.

Biology of PersonalityHippocrates 4 HumorsSanguine or Blood--amorous, happy, generous, optimistic, irresponsibleCholeric or Yellow Bile--violent, vengeful, short-tempered, ambitiousMelancholic or Black Bile--Introspective, sentimental, gluttonousPhlegmatic or Phlegm--Sluggish, pallid, cowardly

Levels of fluids determine personality

Not found to be reliable or validwhy?

Biology of PersonalityWilliam Sheldons Somatotype TheoryEndomorphsFatfriendly and outgoingMesomorphsMuscularconfident and assertiveEctomorphsThinshy and secretiveWhich are you?

Research not replicatedMethodology questionedOnly correlationalWould it be reliable? Valid?

Humanistic TheoryMaslows Holistic Dynamic TheoryPersonality moves toward Self ActualizationSociety sometimes pushes us away from self actualizationSelf Actualizers are creative, democratic, independent, and are not self focusedHumanistic Theory Carl Rogers Self TheoryIdea of Selforganized, consistent idea about ourselves which develops due to experienceNeed for Unconditional Positive RegardFully Functioning (Self Actualized)Accept yourselfReal Self vs. Ideal SelfIncongruence vs. CongruenceAre you happy when you look in the mirror?BehavioristsHow would strict Behaviorists like Skinner and Watson view personality?

Social Learning Theories on PersonalityCognitive and Social Cognitive Theorists look at how both thinking and behavior influence personality

George KellyPersonal Construct TheoryMake sense of our world through constructsSuch as Happy/Unhappy, Energetic/Inactive, Selfish/Generous, etc.What are some of your personal constructs?Social Learning Theories on PersonalityAlbert BanduraWe learn through observingReciprocal DeterminismPersonality is determined by our characteristics, our behavior, and the environmentEx.We are fun loving, so our behavior is fun, and we tend to pick environments that our fun, and so people think we are fun which in turn makes us more fun.Ex.We are closed off from others, so our behavior is closed, and we tend to choose to be alone, so people think we are offish and therefore dont approach usso we think people dont like us, which then causes us to be more closed off and aloneSocial Learning Theories on PersonalityBanduraCollective Self Efficacy--CollectivismOur group will attain its outcomeCollective Societies--AsiaSelf Efficacy--IndividualismBelief that we can perform necessary behaviors and that we are competentWe are confident about our ability in academics, but not in sports, therefore we perform better in school than sportsSocial Learning TheoriesJulian RotterLocus of ControlIs life in our hands or is it up to fate?External Locus of ControlLuckInternal Locus of ControlYou are in chargeStand upare you internal or external?Social Learning TheoriesWalter MischelsCAPSCognitive Affective Personality SystemDevelop unique Behavioral SignaturesConsistent ways of dealing with peopleWhat is your signature?

Discuss Criticisms of Social Learning Theories