personality and big five model

COVER PAGE

Title : Personality and Big Five Model

Subject : ODHRM

Level / Semester : I / Feb 2010

Programme : MBA-FULL TIME

Subject Tutor : Mr. H. N. Yogarajan

Name of Student : Vivekanandan M

Student’s Registration Number : GPBL-B/F10/15

Date of Submission : Mar 29, 2010

Word Count : 1813 words

Word Limit : 2000 words

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Checklist

Students Name Vivekanandan M

Registration Number GPBL-B/F10/15

Date of submission of the Assignment 29/03/2010

Is the cover page in the correct format as indicated in the “Guidelines to writing Assignments”?

Yes

Have I done a complete spell-check of the Assignment? Yes

Have I done a complete word count for the Assignment? Yes

Does the table of contents include numbers? Yes

Are the pages numbered correctly? Yes

Are the figures numbered correctly? NA

Are the tables/charts numbered correctly? Yes

Are the captions for the tables and charts proper? Yes

Are the references/bibliography listed in the Assignment? Yes

Are the references cited correctly in the text? NA

All references material has been cited from the books & the University of Wales online library. Any other internet

source quoted is with the permission of the module tutor.

NA

Are the references in the text in the proper format as

indicated in the “Guidelines to Writing Assignments”

Yes

Has the soft copy of the Assignment been enclosed? Yes

Declaration:

All material written in this assignment is my own and I have not used any material, content or information of others claiming them to be mine. Wherever materials have

been used, proper citation has been done in the text. I am fully aware of the rules and regulations governing plagiarism. Should at any point of time my work be

suspected/investigated and established to have been plagiarized, I am aware of the consequences. I have read the Student’s Handbook in detail.

___________________ Signature of the student Date: 29/03/2010

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE No.

List of Tables 1

Introduction 2

Introduction to Personality 2

Introduction to Big-5 Personality model 2

Determinants of Personality 3

Big-5 Personality Test Analysis 5

Values that Big Five model provide to Manager 7

Conclusion 8

Annexure I – Big-5 personality test results for 2 personalities 9

Bibliography 10

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LIST OF TABLES PAGE No.

Table 1 - Big-5 personality test for Person-A 5

Table 2 - Big-5 personality test for Person-B 5

Table 3 - Comparison between Personality-A and Personality-B 5

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Global warming is defined as the increase in the average temperature of earth surface. The major

reason for global warming is Pollution, (i.e) emission of carbon di oxide. Power plants which uses fossil fuel

to generate electricity, emits maximum carbon di oxide to the atmosphere. Automobiles using fossil fuel

pollute the atmosphere by emitting harmful gases like carbon di oxide, nitrous oxide. Other reasons for

pollution include, burning of oil during winter, deforestation and transportation industry (airways, railways

and roadways).

Effects of Global Warming:

Increase in earth surface temperature has impact on the following systems and the consequences have

chain reaction impact on its subsequent systems.

Glaciers

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Business

Glaciers – Rise in temperature causes the glaciers to melt, resulting in increase in sea level. Increase in sea

level leads to flooding of land.

Mixing of pure water from melting glaciers with salty sea water alters the gulf-stream pattern which regulates

temperature.

Melting of glaciers alters the balance of eco system in the polar region which includes – animals, plants.

Weather – Rise in temperature causes delay in monsoon, short/prolonged season like – winter, summer, rainy.

Delay in monsoon affects agricultural sector.

Because of increase in sea level, some areas in the earth will be flooded and other part of the earth might

experience heat wave.

Mankind – Shortage of food, because of Weather change, leads to malnutrition and death in humans. Shortage

Introduction:

The purpose of this report is to explain how “Individuals have their own way of thinking &

acting, their own unique style or personality The personality traits/characteristics- including

how one looks, thinks, acts, & feels-are the product of interacting genetic & environmental

influences.”, analyze how Big-5 personality test for 2 individuals align to the above statement

and the values that Big Five model provide to managers.

Introduction to Personality:

Personality is defined as the set of characteristics that make a person distinct from others.

Gordon Allport defined personality as “the dynamic organization within the individual of

those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment”.

Psychologists define personality as “a collection of emotional thought, and behaviour patterns

unique to a person that is consistent over time”.

Personality of a person can be measured in 3 different ways,

1. Self rating – Individuals take the survey

2. Observer rating – Peer/co-worker take the survey

3. Projective measure

Introduction to Big-5 Personality model:

Big-5 personality model focuses on behaviour that an individual expresses while dealing with

people. Big-5 personality test measures the intensity of the individual behaviour in the

following 5 areas,

1. Agreeableness – personality dimension of a person who is good natures, cooperative

and trusting.

2. Openness to experience – personality dimension of a person who is imaginative,

sensitive and curious.

3. Extraversion – personality dimension of a person who is sociable, gregarious and

assertive.

4. Conscientiousness – personality dimension of a person who is responsible, ,

dependable, persistent and organized.

5. Emotional stability – personality dimension of a person who is calm, self confident,

secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed and in secure (negative).

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and roadways).




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temperature.







of food also leads to wars and fights for this limited resource.

Determinants of Personality:

There are several factors that influence shaping of an individual personality, which includes:

a. Heredity

b. Culture

c. Family background

d. Experience in life

e. People we interact with

a. Heredity

There are certain physical aspects like gender, physical height, facial attractiveness,

muscle composition and reflexes, temperament, good health or ill health, quickly

irritable or patient, energy level vision, stamina and biological rhythms which can be

traced to heredity. Individual learn how to handle other’s reaction to us. Thus heredity

approach argues that the individual look is based on the molecular structure of genes

present in chromosomes.

b. Culture

Religion and religion based culture plays an important role in shaping an individual

thinking which includes morals, ethics and code of conduct. Highly religious people

have high moral standards and usually do not lie or talk bad about others. They strive

for achieving goals and self fulfillment.

Employees in India are defensive to their boss when compared to the employees in

USA.

People in the west tend to be more assertive when compared to people in oriental

culture.

So religion and culture determine individual attitudes towards work and financial

incentives.

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temperature.







c. Family background

Socio economic status of the family also influences the personality to a considerable

extent. This includes number of children in the family, birth order, education of the

parents and extended family members. Usually first born have different experience

during childhood than the siblings. Family members mould children character right

from their birth in several ways – role modeling, rewards and punishment, and

expecting their children to conform to their own values. Thus some feeling and action

of an individual is based on his/her experience in life.

d. Experience in life

Whether a person is generous or miserly, has high or low esteem, trusts or mistrusts,

is partially related to the experience by the individual. Certain characteristics are

moulded by frequently occurring positive or negative incidents in life. Thus some

feeling and action of an individual is based on his/her experience in life.

e. People we interact with

A person is known by the company he/she keeps. An individual is influenced by the

people whom he interact with from childhood - the parents, siblings, teachers and

classmates, friends and colleagues. Thus an individual personality is shaped through

his/her life at least by some of the people.

Thus from the above discussion, it is evident that personality is a function of genetic and

environmental factors (physical and social).

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Big 5 Personality Test Result Analysis:

Following are the big-5 personality test results for 2 persons, Person-A and Person-B.

Closed-Minded Open to New Experiences

Disorganized Conscientious

Introverted Extroverted

Disagreeable Agreeable

Calm / Relaxed Nervous / High-Strung

Table 1: Big-5 personality test for Person-A






Table 2: Big-5 personality test for Person-B

Comparison of Person-A with Person-B based on the 5 traits of Big-5 model.

Big-5 Personality Traits Person-A Person-B

Agreeableness Consider the feeling of others

Express irritation with others

Openness to experience Open to new experience Prefer to be traditional and

familiar experience

Extraversion Social and enjoy the company of others

Enjoy spending quiet time alone

Conscientiousness Well organized and be relied

upon

Have a messy desk

Neuroticism/Emotional stability

Remain calm, even in tense situation

Generally relaxed

Table 3: Comparison between Personality-A and Personality-B

1. Agreeableness

Person-A is liked by many people than Person-B. Person-A has the advantage of

attaining and maintaining popularity.

Agreeableness is not useful in situations that require tough objective decision. So

Person-B has the advantage of being an excellent scientist, soldier, critics.

Agreeableness differs from individual to individual, based on their genetics.

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2. Openness to experience

Person-A is intellectually curious, sensitive to beauty and appreciative of art. Person-

A has the advantage of being a professor.

Person-B regards art and science with suspicion and he prefers to be plain,

straightforward and obvious instead of complex, ambiguous and subtle. He prefers

familiarity over novelty. He is conservative and resistant to change. Person-B has

superior job performance in sales, police and service related occupation.

Openness to experience in an individual comes from environment (family background

and experience in life).

3. Extraversion

Person-A is social, has full of energy and experience positive emotions. He is action

oriented and tends to be an enthusiastic. In a group, he tends to attract the attention of

all people.

Person-B tends to be less dependent on social world.

Extraversion in an individual is linked to the sensitivity of mesolimbic dopamine

system in human body. Thus genetics play an important role in extraversion.

4. Conscientiousness

Person-A avoids trouble and achieve success through proper planning and execution.

He is intelligent and reliable.

Person-B tends to experience short lived pleasures and so they never get bored or dull.

Culture plays an important role is molding conscientiousness in an individual.

5. Neuroticism/Emotional stability

Person-A may experience negative feelings like anger, anxiety and depression. He is

highly reactive and responds emotionally to events which will not affect most people.

He interpret ordinary situation as threatening, small frustration as hopeless difficulty.

Negative emotions tend to persist for longer time, which implies that Person-A will

often be in bad mood. Problems in emotional regulation can diminish Person-A ability

to think clearly, take proper decision.

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Person-B is less easily upset and is less emotionally reactive. He tends to be calm,

emotionally stable and free from negative emotions.

Thus emotional stability in an individual comes from his/her family background.

Values that Big Five Model provide to Manager:

Manager need to understand the personality of team members to unlock exclusive human

qualities like leadership, empathy.

Big five model acts as a tool for manager for better decision making, planning and motivating

employees. In the following situation, manager will apply big five model:

a. Selection of candidate / Person-Job fit

Different job require people with different personality. Eg. Introvert is preferred for

finance jobs, as they will be focused on their job. So, during the selection process,

manager should ensure that he selects a person with introvert personality for the

finance job opening.

For a sales and marketing job, manager should select a person with extraversion

personality.

For a scientist/research and development job, person with disagreeable personality are

preferred, as the job requires tough objective decision making.

b. Promotions for employees

In performance appraisal, managers should identify the promotions for deserving

employees. Based on the employee performance during a period and their personality,

manager recommends the promotion for employees. Eg. In a team of 5, with mixed

personalities, manager wants to promote an employee as team lead. Manager

identifies the employee who is agreeable, open to experience and conscientious

characteristics and recommend that person for promotion.

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c. Succession planning

Managers use big-5 model for identifying personnel with the potential to fill key

organizational position. Managers also develop talents for long term growth of the

organization.

There are other areas like team building, performance coaching, training, conflict

management where managers use the big five model for their decision making process.

Conclusion:

In this report, based on the theoretical discussion on determinants of personality and analysis

of 2 personalities using big 5 model, it is evident that individuals have their own way of

thinking and acting, their own unique style or personality. These personality

traits/characteristics - including how one looks, thinks, acts and feels are the product of

genetic and environmental influences.

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and roadways).




Glaciers

Weather

Weather

Business




temperature.







Annexure I: Big-5 test results for 2 personalities

"Big Five" Personality Survey Result for Person-A






There has been much research on how people describe others, and five major dimensions of human personality have been found. They are often referred to as the OCEAN model of personality, because of the acronym from the names of the five dimensions. Your specific personality indicates that the following attributes will most likely describe you well:

You are relatively open to new experiences. You are very well-organized, and can be relied upon. You are relatively social and enjoy the company of others.

You tend to consider the feelings of others. You probably remain calm, even in tense situations.

"Big Five" Personality Survey Results for Person-B






There has been much research on how people describe others, and five major dimensions of human personality have been found. They are often referred to as the OCEAN model of personality, because of the acronym from the names of the five dimensions. Your specific personality indicates that the following attributes will most likely describe you well:

You prefer traditional and familiar experiences. You probably have a messy desk! You probably enjoy spending quiet time alone.

You find it easy to express irritation with others. You are generally relaxed.

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and roadways).




Glaciers

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temperature.







Bibliography:

1. Nirmal Singh, Human relations and Organizational Behavior

2. Uma Sekaran, Organizational Behavior – Text and Cases

3. Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge, Seema Sanghi, Organizational Behavior, 13th

edition

4. http://www.outofservice.com/twins/ (Mar 29, 2010)

5. www.npatheory.com/files/NPA.personality.theory.pdf (Mar 29, 2010)

6. http://www.urbanministry.org/wiki/big-five-personality-traits (Mar 29, 2010)

7. http://www.scribd.com/doc/28366479/The-Big-Five-Personality-Factors-and-

Personal-Values (Mar 29, 2010)

8. http://bigfivepersonalitytest.com/ (Mar 29, 2010)

9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits (Mar 29, 2010)

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and roadways).




Glaciers

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temperature.








http://www.outofservice.com/twins/

http://www.npatheory.com/files/NPA.personality.theory.pdf

http://www.urbanministry.org/wiki/big-five-personality-traits

http://www.scribd.com/doc/28366479/The-Big-Five-Personality-Factors-and-Personal-Values

http://www.scribd.com/doc/28366479/The-Big-Five-Personality-Factors-and-Personal-Values

http://bigfivepersonalitytest.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits

personality and big five model

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