personality mba

7/30/2019 Personality MBA

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Unit 4

Personality

Presented by:

Bal Ram Chapagain, M. Phil.

August 26, 2013 [email protected]


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Please write a One Sentence

Definition of

Personality



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Concept of Personality

Traditionally, personality referred to howpeople influence others through their external

appearances and actions.

But, today personality is regarded as aninteraction of physiological, mental and

psychological characteristics.

To be noted, though psychologists and socialscientists unanimously agree to the importance

of personality, they are unable to come out with

a unanimous definition.August 26, 2013 [email protected]


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Definitions of Personality

According to S.P. Robbins and S. Sanghi,Personality is the sum total of ways in which

an individual reacts and interacts with others.

According to Moorhead and Griffin,Personality is the relatively stable set of

psychological attributes that distinguish one

person from another.



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Nature/Characteristics of Personality

It is a sum total feature of an individual.

Different individuals have different personality traits.

It is partly born and partly acquired or developed.

Over time personality traits of an individual can be

changed. Personality influences an individuals behavior.

Personality determines how an individual interacts

with others. It is most often described in terms of measurable traits

such as extroversion, agreeableness, emotional

stability etc. that a person exhibits.August 26, 2013 [email protected]


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Personality Traits/Characteristics

Characteristics that are frequently exhibited in most

situations are called personality traits or characteristics.

Thus, the more consistent the characteristic and the

more frequently it occurs in diverse situations, the

more important that trait is in describing the individual. Allport and Odbert have found that there are three

thousand to five thousand words that describe personal

qualities and more than fifty different definitions of

personally.



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Personality Traits/Characteristics

Reserved vs. outgoing

Less intelligent vs. more intelligent

Emotionally stable vs. Emotionally unstable

Practical vs. Imaginative

Trusting vs. Suspicious

Self-assured vs. Apprehensive

Conservative vs. Experimenting

Relaxed vs. Tense .etc.



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Big Five Personality Traits

A century ago personality experts derived

17,953 words that represent individual traits.

They aggregated these traits first into 171

clusters and finally into Big five personality

dimensions.

The Big five model/ five factor model

encompasses the following dimensions.



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1. Extroversion

People can be extroverts or introverts.

Extroverts people are talkative, sociable,

assertive and outgoing.

They want to interact with people and get

involved in events.

Introverts are reserved, quiet, timid andsensitive.

They prefer to work independently.



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2. Agreeableness

This dimension refers to an individuals

propensity to defer/agree to others.

Highly agreeable people are courteous,

cooperative, warm, and trusting.

People who score low on agreeableness are

cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic.



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3. Conscientiousness

This dimension is a measure of

reliability/conscientiousness.

A highly conscientious person is responsible,

organized, and consistent.

Those who score low in this dimension are

easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.



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4. Emotional stability

This dimension captures a persons ability to

withstand stress.

Emotionally stable people are calm, self-

confident, secure and relaxed.

Emotionally unstable people are nervous,

depressed, anxious and insecure.



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5. Openness to experience

This dimension addresses ones range of interests and

attraction with novelty.

Extremely open people are creative, curious, and

artistically sensitive. Closed persons are conventional and find comfort in

the familiar.

It is believed that Big five model is helpful in

predicting the behavior of people at work and thereafter

job performance.August 26, 2013 [email protected]


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Determinants of Personality

1. Heredity

Heredity refers to those factors that were

determined at conception.

Each parents contributes 23 chromosomes containing

thousands of genes which largely determine physicalstatus, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament,

muscle composition etc.

Researchers have found that heredity/genetics

accounts for 50% of personality difference and

more than 30% of variation in occupational and

leisure interest.



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2. Environment

Overall socio-cultural, organizational and family

environment also shapes an individuals personality.

Heredity sets the parameters or outer limits, but an

individuals full potentialwill be determined byenvironmental factors.

Environmental factors like cultures in which we are

raised, our early conditioning, our family, our

organization, friends, social groups play substantial

role in shaping our personality.



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3. Situational differences

Personality, although stable and consistent, does

change in different situations.

So we shouldnt look the personality pattern in

isolation. For instance, employment interview constrain many

behavior; other situations-- e.g., picnic or get-

together with friends constrain relatively few.



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Major Personality Traits/Attributes

Influencing OB

1. Locus of Control (Internal Vs. External)

2. Machiavellianism (High Mach Vs. Low Mach)

3. Self-Esteem(High Self-Esteem Vs. Low Self-

Esteem)

4. Self-Monitoring/Adjusting (High Self-

Monitoring Vs. Low Self-Monitoring)

5. Risk-taking (High Vs. Low)

6. Personality Type( Type A Vs. Type B)



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Matching Personality and Jobs

The manager's concern is more towards how tomatch the personality and jobs so that both

organization and employees will be relatively

benefited.

For this, John Holland has offered Personality

Job-Fit Theory.

This theory identifies six personality types andproposes that the fit between personality types

and occupational environment determines job

satisfaction and employee turnover.August 26, 2013 [email protected]


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Matching Personality and JobsPersonality Type Personality

CharacteristicsCongruent Occupation

Realistic: Prefers physicalactivities that require skills,strength, and coordination

Shy, genuine, persistent,stable, conforming,practical

Mechanic, drill pressoperator, assembly lineworker, farmer

Investigative: Prefers activitiesthat involve thinking,organizing , and understanding

Analytical, original,curious, independent

Biologist, economist,mathematician, newsreporter

Social: Prefers activities thatinvolve helping and developing

others

Sociable, friendly,cooperative, understanding

Social worker, teacher,counselor, clinical

psychologist

Conventional: Prefers rule-regulated, orderly andunambiguous activities

Conforming, efficient,practical, unimaginative,inflexible

Accountant, Corporatemanager, bank teller, fileclerk

Enterprising: Prefers verbalactivities in which there areopportunities to influence otherand attain power

Self confident, ambitious,energetic, dominant

Lawyer, real estate agent,public relations specialist,small business manager

Artistic: Prefers ambiguousand unsystematic activities that

allow creative expression

Imaginative, disorderly,idealistic, emotional,

impractical

Painter, musician, writer,interior decorator



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Matching Personality and Jobs

But, in recent years, interest has expanded toinclude the person-organization fit.

Why?because managers today are less

interested in an applicants ability to perform aspecific job than with his or her flexibility to

meet changing situation and the employees

personality fit with the overall organizations

culture.



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Personality and Behavior

B = f(P, E)

Though personality and behavior and related, thereare so many factors influencing individual behavior.

Thus, personality is not a sole and consistent predictor

of individual behavior.August 26, 2013 [email protected]

The person (P) The environment (E)

1. Key personal biographical factors:Sex, age, education, abilities,

material status etc.1. Key environmental factors

Economic conditions, political

situations, Socio-cultural norms

and values, competitive forces etc.1. Psychological factors:

Attitudes, values, beliefs,

motivation, perception,

personality etc.

2 Organizational factors:Physical facilities, organizational

structure and design, leadership

styles, reward system etc.


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