personality session 3-4

8/4/2019 Personality Session 3-4

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PASSION ANDCOMMITMENT

TOORGANISATION

GOALS

MODERATEENTHUSIASM

AWAKENEDDRIVES

PASSIVECOOPERATION

MINIMUMPERFORMANCERESULT

WIDE RANGESELF-ACTUALISATION

STATUS ANDRECOGNITION

SECURITYSUBSISTENCEEMPLOYEENEEDS MET

SELF-MOTIVATION

SELF-DISCIPLINE

PARTICIPATIONDEPENDENCEON

ORGANISATION

DEPENDENCEON BOSS

EMPLOYEEPSYCHOLOGICAL

RESULT

PSYCHOLOGIC

AL OWNERSHIP

RESPONSIBLE

BEHAVIOUR

JOB

PERFORMANCE

SECURITY AND

BENEFITS

OBEDIENCEEMPLOYEE

ORIENTATION

CARING/COMPASSION

TEAMWORKSUPPORTMONEYAUTHORITYMANAGERIALORIENTATION

TRUST/COMMUNITY/

MEANING

PARTNERSHIPLEADERSHIPECONOMICRESOURCES

POWERBASIS OF MODEL

SYSTEMCOLLEGIALSUPPORTIVECUSTODIALAUTOCRATIC

MODELS OF OB


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WHAT MAKES US DIFFERENT FROM ONE ANOTHER?


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Some individuals has a unique patterns of

Enduring thoughtsFeelings

Behaviors

Actions

that persists over time and across situations

that characterize a person


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PERSONALITY

An individuals unique patterns of enduringthoughts, feelings, behaviors and actions

that persists over time and acrosssituations and that characterize a person


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What isPersonality?

The innerpsychological

characteristics thatdetermine and reflect

how a personresponds to his or her

environment.


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The Big Five Personality Dimensions

Adapted from "An Introduction to the Five-Factor Model and its Applications" byRobert R. McCrae and Oliver P. John. FromJournal of Personality, 60:2, pp. 175-216.


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PERSONALITY INCLUDES

EXTERNAL APPEARANCES AND BEHAVIOUR

INNER AWARENESS OF SELF AS A PERMANENT

ORGANISING FORCE

THE PARTICULAR ORGANISATION OF MEASURABLE

TRAITS, BOTH INNER AND OUTER


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DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY

BIOLOGICAL

(HEREDITY, BRAIN, PHYSICAL FEATURES)

CULTURALFAMILY

(SOCIALISATION, IDENTIFICATION)

SITUATIONAL


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Sigmund Freud

The conscious, the preconscious, and the

unconsciousConscious

The thoughts, feelings, sensations, or memories ofwhich a person is aware at any given moment

PreconsciousThe thoughts, feelings, and memories that a personis not consciously aware of at the moment but thatmay be brought to consciousness

UnconsciousFor Freud, the primary motivating force of behavior,containing repressed memories as well as instinctsand wishes that have never been conscious


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THE STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

Freuds Personality

Structure of the Mind

Conscious: Mental

events we are aware

of. Top 1/3 of theiceberg!

Unconscious:

Thoughts, feelings,

and memories

hidden from view.

Bottom 2/3 of the

iceberg!


19/52CAR LUNCH


20/52TRUCK LUNCH


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The Unconscious

Deep dark sea of secret urges, wishes,and drives.--Kassin

Motivated by two instincts:

1. Life Instincts: Food, water, sex.

2. Death Instinct: Self-destructive impulses.Return to a calmer state.

Directed aggression towardothers.


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Sigmund Freud

Freud proposed three systems of

personalityId

The unconscious system of the personality, whichcontains the life and death instincts and operates

on the pleasure principle

Ego

The rational, largely conscious system ofpersonality, which operates according to thereality principle

Superego

The moral system of the personality, which consists

of the conscience and the ego ideal


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The IdIt is the most primitive part of personality.

Unconscious reservoir of instincts, and libido

(instinctual force/unresponsive to demands ofreality)

Operates on the pleasure principle!

Like an infant --- immediate gratification!


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Id

Contains primitive drives orinstincts including life instinctseros and death instinctsthanatos

libido: energy generated by the

sexual drive, a life instinctpleasure principle: the id

seeks to maximize pleasureand minimize pain

primary process thought: idoperates on a very basicprimitive type of thought. Theid is mostly unconscious


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The SuperegoOur conscience, moral values.

The internalization of societal rules, regulations.

What we would like to be - goals and ambitions.

Superego forces the ego to consider idealbehaviors (how we ought to behave).

It judges our actions, gives us guilt or pride.


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Superego

Operates at all 3 levels ofconsciousness

Contains the internalizedvalues of family and society

It is highly moralistic, like astrict parentGUILT originates in the superego

EGO IDEAL - part of the superego,an idealized image of what wethink we should be


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The Ego

Conscious perceptions, thoughts, memories.The gatekeeper of personality.

Makes decisions about the pleasures pursued bythe id and the moral dictates of the superego.

Operates on the reality principle!

Develops during childhood experiences withsocial surroundings/responsibilities.


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Ego

Operates at all 3 levels of

consciousnessReality principle: ego strives to satisfy

id needs within the constraints of the

real world and the superegoSecondary process thought: ego uses

a more sophisticated, realistic way of

thinking and solving problems


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A Representation of the Interrelationships

among the Id, Ego, and Superego

ID

System 1

SUPEREGOSystem 2

EGO

System 3Gratification


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Sigmund Freud


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Freudian Theory and Product Personality

Consumer researchers using Freuds

personality theory see consumer purchases asa reflection and extension of the consumers

own personality


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AD PORTRAYING THE FORCES OF THE ID


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Sigmund Freud

Evaluating Freuds contribution

Unconscious forces may motivate behavior

Emphasizing the influence of early childhood

experiences on later development

Psychoanalysis is still viewed as a useful

therapeutic technique


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Carl Jung

Disagreed with Freud

the sexual instinct is not the main factor in

personality

the personality is not almost completelyformed in early childhood


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Carl Jungs Analytic Psychology

Argued that people are born with ageneral life force for:

Growth-oriented resolutions of conflictsThe productive blending of basic impulseswith real-world demands

People develop, over time, differingdegrees of introversion or extraversionAlso differing tendencies to rely on specificpsychological functions such as thinking

versus feeling

Carl Jung


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Carl Jung

Personality consists of three partsEgo

the rational, largely conscious system ofpersonality, which operates according to the realityprinciple

Personal unconsciousall of the thoughts and experiences that areaccessible to the conscious, as well as repressedmemories and impulses

Collective unconscious

Contains images and ideas (archetypes) that are

common to all humans. These have developedover our evolutionary history and are present atbirthArchetype, an inherited tendency to perceive andrespond in particular ways to universal humansituations (Joseph Campbell)


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SOME ARCHETYPES


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SOME ARCHETYPES

Mother: a protective presence, source of life

Hero: one who overcomesPersona: our public self (literally mask)

Anima: The expression of feminine traits in themale (love, nurturance, sensitivity)

Animus: The expression of masculine traits inthe female (assertiveness, competitiveness)

Shadow:similar to Freuds id, the darkside ofour personality

Self: Functions as a mid-point of personality.Exists at birth as an archetype that is aprototypal image of the latent purpose ofhuman nature.

i ( i )


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Jungs Personality (Psychological) Types

Functions are fundamental cognitive processes

Four function are identifiedSensing - tells us something existThinking - tells us what something is

Feeling - tells of if it is agreeable or notIntuiting - provides hunched when facts are absent

Thinking and feeling use judgment are are

Rational Functions

Sensing and intuiting use perception are areIrrational Functions


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Carl Jung

Personality functions

Extroversion vs Introversion (orientation)

Sensing vs Intuition (data collection)

Thinking vs Feeling (making judgments)

Judging vs Perceiving (preferred function)

Temperaments

SP (sanguine, artist)

SJ (melancholy, guardian)

NT (choleric, rational)

NF (phlegmatic, idealistic)

EXTROVERT VS INTROVERTS


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EXTROVERT VS. INTROVERTS

EXTROVERT INTROVERT

LIKES VARIETY OF ACTION LIKES QUIET/CONCENTRATION

TEND TO WORK FASTER. DISLIKESCOMPLICATED PROCEDURE.

METICULOUS. DISLIKES SWEEPINGSTATEMENTS.

GOOD AT GREETING PEOPLE HAVE TROUBLE IN REMEMBERINGNAMES AND FACES

IMPATIENT WITH SLOW JOBS DONOT MIND WORKING ON SINGLEPROJECT FOR LONGER TIME

INTERESTED IN RESULTS INTERESTED IN IDEAS

DONOT MIND INTERRUPTION OF

ANSWERING THE TELEPHONE

DISLIKES TELEPHONE INTRUISION

AND INTERRUPTIONSACT QUICKLY AND EVENSOMETIMES WITHOUT THINKING

THINK A LOT BEFORE THEY ACT,SOMETIMES WITHOUT ACTING

LIKE TO HAVE PEOPLE AROUND WORK CONTENDTEDLY A LONE

COMMUNICATE FREELY PROBLEMS IN COMMUNICATING

SENSING TYPES VS INTUITIVE TYPES


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SENSING TYPES VS.INTUITIVE TYPES

SENSING INTUITIVE

DISLIKES NEW PROBLEMS UNLESS

THERE ARE WAYS TO SOLVE THEM

LIKES SOLVING NEW PROBLEMS

LIKES ESTABLISHED WAY OF DOINGTHINGS

DISLIKES DOING THINGSREPEATEDLY

ENJOYS USING LEARNED SKILLS ENJOYS LEARNING NEW SKILLS

STEADY AND REALISTIC AT WORK VIGOROUS AT WORK WITH BREAKSREACH CONCLUSION STEP BY STEP REACH CONCLUSION QUICKLY

PATIENT WITH ROUTINE DETAILS IMPATIENT WITH ROUTINE DETAILS

IMPATIENT WITH COMPLICATEDDETAILS

ARE PATIENT WITH COMPLICATEDSITUATIONS

GENERALLY NOT INSPIRED FOLOW INSPIRATIONS GOOD ORBAD

SELDOM MAKES ERROR OF FACTS FREQUENTLY MAKES ERROR OFFACTS

TEND TO BE GOOD AT PRECISEWORK

DISLIKE TAKING TIME FOR WORK

THINKING TYPES VS. FEELING TYPES


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THINKING TYPES VS. FEELING TYPES

THINKING TYPE FEELING TYPE

DONOT SHOW EMOTION READILYAND ARE OFTEN UNCOMFORTABLEDEALING WITH PEOPLES FEELING

TEND TO BE VERY AWRE OF OTHERPEOPLE AND THEIR FEELING

MAY HURT PEOLES FEELINGS

WITHOUT KNOWING ITENJOY PLEASING PEOPLE EVEN INUNIMPORTANT THINGS

LIKES ANALYSIS AND PUTTING

THINGS INTO LOGICAL ORDER. CANGET ALONG WITHOUT HARMONY

LIKE HARMONY. EFFICIENTLY MAY BE

BADLY DISTRIBUTED BY OFFICEFEUDS

TEND TO DECIDE IMPERSONALLY,SOMETIMES PAYING INSUFFICIENTATTENTION TO PEOPLES WISHED

OFTEN LET DECISIONS BEINFLUENCED BY THEIR OWN OROTHER PEOPLES PERSONAL LIKESAND WISHES

NEED TO BE TREATED FAIRLY NEED OCCASSIONAL PRAISE

ABLE TO REPRIMAND PEOPLE DONOT TELL UNPLEASANT THINGS

ANALYTICAL. RESPOND EASILY TOPEOPLES THOUGHTS

MORE PEOPLE-ORIENTED, RESPONDEASILY TO PEOPLES VALUES

TEND TO BE FIRM MINDED TEND TO BE SYMPATHETIC

JUDGING TYPES VS PERCEPTIVE TYPES


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JUDGING TYPES VS PERCEPTIVE TYPES

JUDGING TYPE PERCEPTIVE TYPES

WORK BEST WHEN CAN PLAN WORKAND FOLLOW THE PLAN

ADAPT WELL TO CHANGE

LIKE TO GET THINGS SETTLED ANDFINISHED

DONOT MIND LEAVING THINGSOPEN FOR ALTERATION

MAY DECIDE THINGS TOO QUICKLY MAY HAVE TROUBLE MAKINGDECISIONS

DISLIKE TO INTERRUPT THE PROJECT START TOO MANY PROJECTS ANDHAVE DIFFICULTY TO FINISH THEM

MAY NOT NOTICE NEW THINGS THAT

NEED TO BE DONE

MAY POSTPONE UNPLEASANT

THINGSWANT ONLY ESSENTIALS NEEDED TOBEGIN THEIR WORK

WANT TO KNOW ALL ABOUT A NEWJOB

TEND TO BE SATISFIED ONCE THEYREACH A JUGGMENT

TEND TO BE CURIOUS ANDWELCOME NEW INFORMATION

Functions and Attitudes Interact to Form 8


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Functions and Attitudes Interact to Form 8Personality Types

Extravert-Thinking TypeObjective data used to order external worldAbstract ideas accepted if transmitted fromwithout

Scientist, mathematicians, engineers

Extravert-Feeling TypeConcerned with tradition, standards and values

Focus on interpersonal relationshipsResponds emotionally to objective reality



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Extravert-Sensing TypeInterested in facts and concrete realityOriented toward the here-and-now

Pragmatic and hardheaded

Extravert-Intuiting TypeRelies on intuition and hunched

Little concern with the conventions and moralityof othersCan be imaginative and creativeGamblers, entrepreneurs, speculators



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Introvert-Thinking TypeConcerned with abstraction, theory and questionsRelates to world in a highly subjective, creative way

Inventors and philosophers

Introvert-Feeling TypeOriented towards subjective factorsDifficulty conforming and accepting views of others

Often viewed as egotistical and defensive



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Introvert-Sensing TypeHighly subjectiveThinking/feeling on a primitive levelDifficulty adapting to settings that reinforce

logic & reasonOften artistic

Introvert-Intuiting Type

Mystical, prophetic dreamersValued and respected in primitive culturesMay become withdrawn

personality session 3-4

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