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Perencanaan SDM (Human Resource Planning) Def: Systematically forecasts an organization’s future demand for, and supply of, employees in order to anticipate the future business requirement and organizational environment. (Werther & Davis, 2000). The process of systematically reviewing human resource requirements to ensure that the required number of employees, with required skills, are available whenthey are needed (Mondy & Noe, 1993). Perkiraan ttg jumlah dan tipe pegawai yang diperlukan

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Page 1: Perubahan Paradigma Bisnis (Naisbitt & Aburdene, 1985)gamel.fk.ugm.ac.id/pluginfile.php?file=/47126/mod_resource/content... · Fig. Contoh HRP di Honeywell, Inc. Iii Employees . information

Perencanaan SDM (Human Resource Planning)

Def:Systematically forecasts an organization’s future demand for, and supply

of, employees in order to anticipate the future business requirement and organizational environment. (Werther & Davis, 2000).

The process of systematically reviewing human resource requirements to ensure that the required number of employees, with required skills, are available whenthey are needed (Mondy & Noe, 1993).

Perkiraan ttg jumlah dan tipe pegawai yang diperlukan

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Tujuan Perencanaan SDM

Mendapatkan dan memelihara jumlah dan kualitas staff yang diperlukan.Menentukan persyaratan skill dan bgm memuaskannya.Bicara tentang surplus dan defisit tenaga kerja.Mengembangkan pengelolaan kerja yang fleksibel.Memperbaiki pemanfaatan tenaga kerja (Armstrong, 2000)

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The Profit of HR Planning

1. Improve the utilization of human resource2. Match personnel activities and future organization

objectives efficiently3. Achieve economies in hiring new workers4. Expand the personnel management information

base to assist other personal activities and other organizational units

5. Make major demands on local labor markets successfully

6. Coordinate different personnel management programs such as affirmative action plans and hiring needs

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Perencanaan SDM yg Efektif Melibatkan:

Environmental scanningKebutuhan pegawai (labor demand)Ketersediaan pegawai (labor supply).Gap analysisAction programming.Control and evaluation

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Pemanfaatan SDM yg SuksesApa bakat, kemampuan, dan skill yg tersedia di dalam org?Siapa orang2 yg dapat diandalkan utk masa datang?Bgm meramu bakat yg ada dengan kebutuhan2 organisasi?Apa kebutuhan kualitas dan kuantitas utk rencana pertumbuhan kita?(Cascio, 1998)

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Gamb. Proses Perencanaan SDM

Forecasts labordemand

Forecasts of laborsupply

Forecasts of laborsurplus or shortage

Goal setting &Strategic planning

Program implemen-tation & evaluation

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Proses Perencanaan SDM (contoh lain)

Strategic Planning

Human Resource Planning

Forecasting Human resource

requirements

Comparison ofRequirementsAnd availability

Surplus of workers

Restricted hiring,Reduced hours

Early retirement,Lay off

Shortage of waorkers

Recruitment

Demand=

Supply

No action

Forecasting Human resourceavailability

Selection

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Kebutuhan SDM (The Demand for Human Resources)

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Sebab-sebabKebutuhan (Causes of Demand)

Tantangan Eksternal (External challenges)Keputusan Organisasi (Organizational decision)Faktor Tenaga Kerja (Work-force Factors)

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External Challenges (Tantangan Eksternal)

EconomicsSocial-political-legalTechnologyCompetitors

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Organizational Decisions (Keputusan Organisasi)

Strategic plansBudgetsSales and production forecastsNew venturesOrganization dan job design

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Workforce Factors (Faktor Tenaga Kerja)

RetirementResignationsTerminationsDeathsLeaves of absence

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Forecasting Techniques(Teknik peramalan)

Expert forecastsTrendOther

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Expert forecasts

Informal and instant decisionsFormal expert surveyNominal group technique (NGT)Delphi technique

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Gam. Langkah dalam Delphi Technique

Problem1.Menentukan

ahli2. Menyampaikan

problem pd ahli

3.Ahli mencatat slusi& membuat reko-

mendasi

4.Respon ahli dikum-pulkan dan diper-

banyak

5. Respon didis-kusikan dg yg

lain6. Komentar ahli thd

ide ahli lain

SolusiJika konsensus tercapai

Konsensus tak tercapai 7. Solusi2 dikumpulkan

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Gam. Langkah2 dalam Nominal Group Technique (NGT)

1. Satu kel kecil berkumpul di meja menerima instruksi, permasalahan diidentifikasi

2. Setiap peserta menuliskan ide peme-cahannya

3. Setiap ide dr peserta dipresen-tasikan, ditulis dlm chart

4. Setiap ide didiskusikan, diklarifi-kasi, dievaluasi oleh angg kel

5. Setiap peserta meranking ide

6. Ranking tertinggi adalah keputusan kel

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Trend Projection Forecast

Extrapolation (extending past rates of change into the future)

Indexation (estimating future employment needs by matching employment growth with some index)mis: rasio karyawan produksi thd penjualan. Meningkat 1 milyar rupiah hasilpenjualan, bag produksi butuh tambahan kary baru 10 org

Statistical analysis

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Other Forecasting Methods

Budget and planning analysisNew-venture analysisComputer models

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Komponen utk Kebutuhan Masa yg Akan Datang SDM

External

Organizational

Work force

Expert

Trend

Other

Short range

Demand forHuman Resource

Long range

Cause & Demand Forecast Techniques

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Ketersediaan SDM (The Supply of Human Resources)

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Estimates of Internal SupplyHuman resource audits (summarize each employee’s skills & abilities)

Skill inventory: 1. part I (job title, experience, age, previous job), 2. part II (skills, duties, responsibilities, education), 3. part III (performance, readiness for promotion, any deficiencies)

Replacement charts (visual representation of who will replace whom in the event of a job opening)

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Gam. A Partial Replacement Chart

Boy (63)Dirut

A/1 Rudi (58)B/1 Budi (52)

WadirA/1 Rudi (58)

A/1 Budi (52)B/2 Edi (43)

Manajer UtilitySoni (53)

Manajer PersonBudi (52)

A. ReadyB. Needs expC. Not suit

1. Outstanding2. Acceptable3. Poor

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Succession Chart

WillyPresident

AndyWak Pres

PiterMan R&D

RoyMan Eng

ToraMan Prod

TonoGen foreman

SibutarMan MarkOtman

Man Sales

SastroMan LabMotlanLab Tech

AbubakarMan Eng

PiterEng

ItaMan Sales

ElinSalesgirl

LonoMan Adv

BudiDir Kreatif

HadiMan Material

ErikSupervisor

AgungGen ForAntonFore

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Estimates of External Supply

External needsLabor market analysisCommunity attitudesDemographics

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Implementation and Evaluation of Human Resource Plans

Surplus: when the internal supply of workers exceeds the firm’s demand, a human resource surplus exists.

Shortage: if the internal supply cannot fulfill the organization’s needs, a human resource shortage exists

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Persyaratan SDMBlanko Perencanaan – Jangka Pendek

1. Apa persyaratan utama (penting) ttg tenaga kerja untuk tahun depan?

2. Ketrampilan apa yang diperlukan? Dengan tingkatan seberapa?3. Situasi seperti apa thd skill yang diperlukan untuk segera

didapatkan?4. Apa yang terjadi terhadap tingkat upah, benefits costs, waktu

liburan dan sikap para karyawan untuk thaun depan?5. Pelatihan kemampuan seperti apa yang segera diberikan?6. Pertimbangkan dana yang ada untuk pembiayaan pelatihan dan

persyaratan pemberian kompensasi?

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Persyaratan SDMBlanko Perencanaan – Jangka Panjang

Periode waktu dari th……….. s/d th………….Jumlah orang yang diminta………….Jumlah karyawan sekarang………….Karyawan yang meninggalkan Organisasi:Pensiun …………Meninggal …………Mengundurkan diri…………Keluar ……………Promosi …………..PHK …………..

Total yg keluar …………………Karyawan baruSeleksi (rutin) ……………Promosi (in) ……………Hasil pelatihan ……………

Tambahan karyawan baru……………..

Disampaikan oleh………………. Tgl………………

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Perencanaan Tindakan

1. Kelebihan jumlah karyawanAdanya kelebihan karyawan maka perlu diambil tindakan

pengurangan - untuk menghentikan kegiatan rekrutmen/seleksi, mendorong program pensiun dini, atau pengunduran diri sukarela.Perencanaan pengurangan:

- - Jumlah kary saat ini- - Menentukan jml kary yg harus dikeluarkan- - Pemberian informasi dan konsultasi dg kary.- - Aspek keuangan dan bentuk rangsangan lain- - Prediksi thd orang yg mundur sukarela.- - Prediksi keseimbangan ant yg ingin keluar dan tetap- - Right sizing bg kary yg tetap tinggal- - Membantu kary yg mau keluar- - Rencana pempertahankan kary utama agar vtdk keluar.

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2. Kekurangan karyawan

Kalau diperkirakan akan terjadi kekurangan kary maka perlu direncanakan program rekrutmen, pelatihan kembali. Juga memastikan bahwa kary yg anda butuhkan tidak keluar dari organisasi/perusahaan.

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Mempertahankan Karyawan

1. Pastikan bahwa tingkat gaji benar2 kompetitif, dg sistem yg adil dan seimbang.

2. Pastikan bahwa pekerjaan yg disediakan organisasi memberikan kepuasan kerja dan dapat dipakai sbg tempat utk menerapkan keahliannya.

3. Berikan pelatihan yg membantu kary bisa memberi hasil yg diharapkan dan mengembangkan karirnya.

4. Pastikan bhw prosedur2 rekrutmen dan seleksi benar2 menghasilkan karyawan yg sukses dan loyal dg perusahaan.

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Fig. Contoh HRP di Honeywell, Inc.

IiiEmployees information

IOrganizational

goals

IvHR availability

projections

IiHR

Needs forecast

VAnalysis,

Evaluation ofHR gaps

ViGeneration,Testing ofalternative

ViiImplementation ofOverall program

ViiiMonitoring

results

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Training & Development

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Fig. The Balance Between New Employees Capabilities and Job Demands

OrientationNew Employees capabilities training

Job demands

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Definition:

Planned programs of organizational improvement undertaken to bring about a relatively permanent change in employee knowledge, skills, attitude, or social behavior (Cascio, 1998)

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The Difference between Training & Development

Conceptual skill

Human relation skill

Technical skills

Non managerial (Training) Managerial (Development)

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The Forces Influence Training

Increasing competition globally and domesticThe change of technology and computerization rapidlyThe workers changeTime management demandMerger and acquisition activitiesObsolescence of job and appearance of new jobs.

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Preliminary Steps in Preparing a Training and Development Program

Need assessment

Training &Development

objectives

Evaluation criteria

Programcontent

Learningprinciples

Actualprogram

-Skills-Knowledge-Ability of

workers

Evaluation

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Gam. The GBCS (Global Business Communication System) Pyramide

Vision

Mision

values

Objectives

Strategic plan

Tactical bisnis plan

PeopleBusiness process

Management system

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Gamb. The Linkage between HRP and Corporate Strategic

Corporate Strategic Planning (SP) Process

Decision InclusionLinkage

Input LinkageReview/Reaction

Linkage

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Permasalahan ttg SDM

1. Kebutuhan2. Mendapatkan manajer/pimpinan yg trampil utk mengelola

operasional kerja yang harus dijalankan.3. Mengembangkan SDM yg kompeten dalam banyak aspek.4. Menumbuhkan keadilan .5. Meningkatkan produktivitas, terutama level manajerial dan

pekerja teknis.6. Mengelola pengembangan karier utk menarik, memotivasi

mempertahankan karyawan yang potensial.

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Penggunaan SDM akan Sukses Kalau Mampu Menjawab Pertanyaan2 sbb:

1. Apa bakat, kemampuan dan ketrampilan yg tersedia dalam organisasi?

2. Siapa staff yg dapat diandalkan?3. Bgm mensinergi ketrampilan2 karyawan yg ada untk

mencapai tujuan organisasi.4. Kulaitas dan kuntitas yg seperti apa utk kebutuhan

pertumbuhan organisasi?