pest management by modifying insect development and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pest management by modifying insect development and behaviour
![Page 2: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents
Communication in insectsBehavioural alterationSemiochemicals PheromonesAllelochemicals Chitin synthesis inhibitors Attractants Repellents Antifeedants
![Page 3: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION IN INSECTS
AUDITORY VISUAL
OLFACTION TACTILE
![Page 4: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Control strategies against insect pests involvesome sort of change to their behaviourthrough
Chemical (i.e. volatiles and non-volatile compounds, feeding deterrents)
Visual orAuditory signals.
• Manipulating pest behaviour for insect control-known for centuries through the practice oftrap cropping.
• Ex: Food lures and baits with pesticides tocontrol household pests.
![Page 5: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Arrival of cheaper chemicalcontrols with broad insecticidalactivity.
Adoption of technologies to manipulate insect behaviour in
agricultural systems – Slow ????
![Page 6: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Increasing public awareness of the negative effects ofbroad-spectrum insecticides on humans and non-targetorganisms.
United States, the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) implemented the Food Protection Act (FQPA) in1996.
Adoption of alternative pest management practices-manipulation of pest behaviour and
To promote a transition from insecticide-based to moreecologically, integrated pest management (IPM)-basedprograms.
Later
![Page 7: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Since then, many conventional pesticides have beenreplaced by low risk or bio-rational pesticides/ reduced riskpesticides.
• Chemicals that affect the growth, development, biology andecology of pest species, differently from that of beneficialspecies.
• Low toxicity to non-target organisms.
![Page 8: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Insects more dependent onchemical cues and chemicals.
![Page 9: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Advances in chemical technology inthe last three decades have allowedthe discovery, identification andsynthesis of specific chemicals thatregulate or mediate growth anddevelopment and species behaviour.
That may cause
o Premature death (abnormal moulting ormetamorphosis)
o Attracting or repelling towards the source.
Exploitation in pest management
![Page 10: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Behaviour alteration
• Manipulation of pest behaviour is defined as “the use ofstimuli that either stimulate or inhibit a behaviour andthereby change its expression” (Foster and Harris, 1997).
• Semiochemicals: Greek word- simeone – a mark or a signal.Chemicals that are able to modify the behaviour of aperceiving organism at sub micro or nano gram levels.
![Page 11: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Semiochemicals
Naturally secreted
Pheromones(Intraspecific)
Releaser pheromones
Primer pheromones
Allelochemicals(Interspecific)
Allomones
Kairomones
Synomones
Antimones
ApneumonesNot secreted
Repellents
Attractants
Antifeedants
![Page 12: Pest management by modifying insect development and …nptel.ac.in/courses/126104003/LectureNotes/Week-4_pest_mang... · •Control strategies against insect pests involve some sort](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051719/5a730ebf7f8b9aa2538e51b0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Thank you