pesticide residues surveillance in food

8/21/2019 Pesticide Residues Surveillance in Food

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PESTICIDE RESIDUESSURVEILLANCE IN FOOD

SPECIAL COUNTRY REPORT

24TH THAILAND-MALAYSIA BORDER HEALTH

GOODWILL COMMITTEE MEETING 2011

Presented By: Ong Jean Ling

Senior Assistant Director, Food Safety & Quality Division

Kedah State Health Department


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OBJECTIVE OF THIS PRESENTATION

To provide an overview of the agencies, legislations

and activities involved in the surveillance andmonitoring of pesticides residues in food in

Malaysia.

To share the outcome of the pesticide residuemonitoring program in year 2010 for domestic

market and imported food in the state of Perlis,

Kedah, Perak and Kelantan.


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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD Pesticide residues finds its way into food in a variety

of methods during food production. They may be used by farmers to control the growth

of weeds, or prevent crop damage by insects,

ro ents an mo s. ey may e use on oo cropsafter harvest to prolong their storage life.

Pesticides may also be used on animal farms tocontrol insect pests. Sometimes, small amounts ofpesticides used in these ways can be found in or onfoods.


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PESTICIDE RESIDUE MONITORING

ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA

Pesticide residue monitoring activities in Malaysia

involves multiple agencies, with Department ofAgriculture (DOA) under the Ministry of Agriculture and

Agro-based Industries (MOA) ensuring Good

gr cu ura rac ce a e arms an n s ry oHealth (MOH) enforcing food safety at the point of

sale.


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PESTICIDE RESIDUE MONITORING

ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA

Regulation and enforcement of the Pesticide Act 1974

comes under the Pesticide Board Malaysia, whichrequires that all pesticides must be registered with the

board before it can be imported or manufactured for

use n a ays a. Ministry of Health has been given the mandate to

ensure the safety of food sold in the country under the

Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985.


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LEGISLATION FRAMEWORK Legislations enacted to control various aspect of

pesticide application in crops and food productsare: The Pesticide Act 1974, which is the principle

egis ation or contro o pestici es in a aysia. t isbeing implemented by the Pesticide Board of Malaysiawhich comprises various heads of government agencies.

The Food Act 1983 of which Sixteenth Schedule of its

Food Regulations 1985 prescribe the maximum residuelevels (MRL) of pesticide in food.


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THE PESTICIDES ACT 1974 Subsidiary Legislation being enforced:

i. Pesticides (Registration) Rules 1976ii. Pesticides (Importation for Research & Education

Purposes) Rules 1981 (Amendment 1987).

iv. Pesticides (Licensing For Sale and Storage ForSale) Rules 1988

v. Pesticides (Highly Toxic Pesticides) Regulation

1996, (Amendment 2004)vi. Pesticides (Advertisements) Regulation 1996vii. Pesticides (Pest Control Operators) Rule 2004


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THE PESTICIDES BOARD OF MALAYSIA

Pesticide Control Division, under the Department of

Agriculture (DOA), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industries (MOA) serves as the secretariat tothe Pesticides Board of Malaysia.

Pesticide Act 1974.

The main activities carried out by the Division areregistration of pesticide products, licensing of

premises, controlling advertisement, issuing importpermits for research purposes, regulating the labelsand enforcement of the act.


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PESTICIDE REGISTRATION A new pesticide has to be registered with the

Pesticide Board of Malaysia before it can beimported or manufactured for use in Malaysia.

Ob ective of re istration is to ensure that esticides

imported, manufactured, processed, sold and usedare of good quality, effective for their intended use

and do not cause detrimental effect on human

beings, animals, plants, fruits or properties.


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FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY DIVISION,

MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA

Main Objective

To protect the public against food related hazards aswell as to motivate and promote the preparation,handling, distribution, sale and consumption of safe andquality food.

The main activities carried out by the Division areenforcement of the Food Act 1983, monitoring andresearch, consumer education, promoting of food safetyto the industry and participation in regional and

international bodies, agencies and organizations toensure the needs of a competitive global market aremet.


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DEFINITION OF PESTICIDE UNDER

FOOD ACT 1983

Under sub-regulation (1), Regulation 41 of Food

Regulations 1985, pesticides residue is defined asa) any preparation used, or capable or purporting to be

capable of being used, for preventing the attack of or fordestroying

i. fungi or other parasitic plants or bacteria that affect or attackplants, fruits, grains, animals or property;

ii. insects or other pest that affect or attack plants, animals orproperty;

iii. noxious animals or noxious birds, oriv. weeds or other noxious plants and

b) any substance purporting to be pesticide.


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PROVISIONS FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUES

IN FOOD UNDER FOOD ACT 1983

Sub-regulation (2), Regulation 41 of Food

Regulations 1985 states that no person shallexpose, cause or permit to be exposed, any food,

excluding water, in the course of its preparation,

storage, packaging, delivery, importation orexposure for sale, to any pesticide, where such

exposure will result in a residue on or in food that is

greater than the amount as set out in the SixteenthSchedule.


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PROVISIONS FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUES

IN FOOD UNDER FOOD ACT 1983

Sub-regulation (3), Regulation 41 of Food

Regulations 1985 states that no person shallimport, prepare for sale or sell any fooda) containing pesticide residue in a proportion greater than

the proportion specified for that food in relation to thatpestici e resi ue as set out in t e ixteent c e u e;

b) containing pesticide residue in a proportion greater than theproportion specified for that food in relation to that pesticideresidue as recommended in the Codex Alimentarius, where thepesticide is not specified in the Sixteenth Schedule; or

c) containing more than 0.01 milligram per kilogram ofany pesticide residue, where the pesticide is not specified forthat food in the Sixteenth Schedule or Codex Alimentarius


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LIST OF PESTICIDE UNDER SIXTEENTH

SCHEDULE OF FOOD REGULATIONS 1985 2,4-D

Abamctin

Acephate Acetamiprid

Alachlor

Ametryn

Amitraz

BPMC

Bromacil

Bromopropylate

Buprofezin

Butocarboxim

Cadusafos

Captan

Chlorpyrifod

Cinosulforon

Clethodim Coumaphos

Cyclosulfamuron

Cyfluthrin

Cyhalothrin

Difenoconazole

Diflubenzuron

Dimethoate

Dimethomorph

Dithiocarbamates

Diuron

DSMA

Fenpyroximate

Fenthion

Fenvalerate

Fipronil

Fluazifop-butyl

Flufenacet

Flufenixuron

Anilofos

Atrazine

Azadirachtin

Azoxystrobin

Bendiocarb

Benomyl

Bensulfuron-methyl

Bentazone

Bispyribac sodium

Bitertanol

Car ary

Carbendazim

Barbofuran

Carbosulfan

Cartap

Chinomethional

Chlorfenapyr Chlorfluzuron

Chlorimuron ethyl

Chlorothanil

Cymoxanil

Cypermethrin

Cyproconazole

Cyromazine

Deltamethrin

Diafenthiuron

Diazinon

Dicamba

Dichlovos

Dicofol

Emamectin enzoate

Endisulfan

EPTC

Ethixysulfuron

Etofenprox

Famaxadone

Fenapiphos Fenitrothion

Fenoxapro-p-ethyl

Fenoxycarb

F uroxypyr

Flutolanil

Formetanate hydrochloride

Formothion

Fosetyl aluminium

Furathiocarb

Glufosinate amonium Glyphosate

Hexaconazole

Hexazinox


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LIST OF PESTICIDE UNDER SIXTEENTH

SCHEDULE OF FOOD REGULATIONS 1985 Hydrogen Phosphide

Imazapyr

Imazethapyr Imidachlorprid

Inorganic bromide

Iprodione

Iprovalicard

Methamidophos

Methidathion

Metolachlor Metribuzin

Metsulfuron methyl

Molinate

Monocrotophos

Pencycuron

Pendimethalin

Permethrin Phenthoate

Phoxim

Picloram

Pirimiphos-methyl

Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl

Pyrethrum

Pyridaben Quinalphos

Quinchlorac

Quintozene

Quizalofop-ethyl

Thiocyclam-

hydrogen oxalate

Thiometon Tolclofos-methyl

Tralomethrin

Triadimenol

Isazofos

Isoprocarb

Isoprothiolane

Lufenuron

Malathion

MCPS

Mepronil

Mercaptodimethur

Metalaxyl

Metaldehyde

MSMA

MTMC

Myclobutanil

Ofurace

Oxadiargyl

Oxadiazon

Oxadixyl

Oxycarboxin

Oxyfluorfen

Paraquat

Pretilachlor

Prochloraz

Profenofos

Propamocarb

Propanil

Propargite

Propiconazole

Propoxur

Prothiofos

Pymetrozine

Sethoxydim

Silafluofen

Spinosad

Tebuconazole

Tebufenozide

Teflubenzuron

Terbuthylazine

Tetradifon

Thiamethoxam

Thiobencarb

riazop os

Triadimenol

Triazophos

Trichlorfon

Triclopyr

Tridemorph Triflumuron

Viclozolin


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OFFENCES AND PENALTIES

Under Section 13 of the Food Act 1983:

1) Any person who prepares or sells any foodthat has in or upon it any substances which

,

to health commits an offence and shall be

liable, on conviction, to a fine not

exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit

(RM100,000.00) or to imprisonment for a

term not exceeding ten years or both


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MINISTRY OF HEALTH PESTICIDE

RESIDUE MONITORING PROGRAM

Involves sampling of domestically produced and

imported foods and analysis of these foods forpesticide residues.

Malaysian Ministry of Health establishes monitoring

priorities through development of an annual NationalWork Plan, which is a comprehensive sampling plan

implemented nationwide.

The sampling plan is designed to give coverage forsampling and analyses of various category food

products and testing parameters, including pesticide

residue in food items.


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MINISTRY OF HEALTH PESTICIDE

RESIDUE MONITORING PROGRAM

Domestic samples are taken from retail outlets in

domestic markets such as wet market, supermarkets,hypermarkets, etc. while import samples are takenat the entry points.

ega act on s e ng ta en or cases o v o at ons nthe domestic markets while for food consignments,they are subjected to Level 5 Inspection at the entrypoint (Hold, Test and Release). If found to

contravene, the consignments were sent back to therespective exporting countries.


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SCREENING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES

IN FOOD ITEMS Pesticide residue screening and analysis in food items is

being conducted by: The Food Safety and Quality Laboratory (FSQL) and the

Public Health Laboratories (PHL) under the Ministry ofHealth (MOH),

Department of Chemistrys Laboratories under the Ministryof Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)

These laboratories are located at strategic locations inthe countries to support surveillance and monitoringactivities carried out for the domestic market andimported food.


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EXISTING FOOD LABORATORIES UNDER

MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA

EXISTIING FOOD LABORATORIES UNDER MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA

FSQL KELANTAN

(Kota Bahru)

FSQL TERENGGANU

(Kuala Teren anu)

PHL SABAH

(Kota Kinabalu)

FSQL PENANG

FSQL LAKA TEMIN

( Bukit Kayu Hitam)

FSQL PERLIS*

(Kangar)

FSQL PAHANG

(Mentakab)

FSQL SANDAKAN

( Sandakan )NATIONAL PHL*

(Sg. Buloh)

PHL IPOH

(Butterworth)

FSQL SELANGOR

(Kelang)

PHL JOHORE*

(Johor Bahru)

Note :

FQCL : Food Safety and Quality Laboratory

PHL : Public Health Laboratory

FSQL SARAWAK*

(Kuching)

FSQL Miri


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TESTING LABORATORIES Testing laboratories are accredited by the

Department of Standards National LaboratoriesAccreditation Scheme (Skim Akreditasi Makmal

Malasyia - SAMM) for compliance under the

ISO/IEC Guide 17025 "General Requirements forthe Competence of Calibration and Testing

Laboratories."


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SCREENING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES

IN FOOD ITEMS Four (4) major groups of pesticides being routinely

screened are: Organophosphorus e.g. Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Fenthion , Tolclofos-methyl, Profenofos,

Methamidophos

Organochlorine e.g. Aldrin, Dichloran, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor

Synthetic pyrethoid e.g. Cypermethrin, Cyfluthrin, Fenvalerate, Permenthrin

Dithiocarbamates e.g. Cabaryl, Carbofuran, Thiobencarb


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COMMON TYPES OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS

SAMPLED FROM ENTRY POINTS IN PERLIS,KEDAH,

PERAK & KELANTAN IN YEAR 2010

Types of vegetables Examples

Leafy vegetables Kale, green mustard, spinach, celeryFruit/Flower vegetables Tomato, cucumber, capsicum, cabbage,

eggplant, bitter gourd, gourd, lettuce, broccoli

Tubers Sweet potato, yam

Roots Carrot, asparagus, onion, gingers

Beans, peas and lentils Okra, long beans, peas, winged beans

Others Baby corn, petai, chili pepper, mushrooms

Types of fruits Examples

Citrus Fruits Orange, Pomelo

Assorted tropical and sub-

tropical fruits edible peel

Guava, Lychee, Pineapple, Papaya, Dokong,

Longan, Watermelon, Pumpkin


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OVERVIEW ON PESTICIDE RESIDUE MONITORING

PROGRAM FOR DOMESTIC MARKET FOR 2010

STATE

Number of Samples Taken

Number of

samplesdetected with

pesticide

residue

Number ofsamples

exceeding

MRL

Rate of

contravention

Fruits

Vegetables

Otherfood

ereal,grains,

etc

)

Total

(

PERLIS 12 91 0 103 1 0 0.00 %

KEDAH 156 352 0 508 10 4 0.79 %

PERAK 113 295 4 412 20 4 0.97 %

KELANTAN 45 332 5 382 4 1 0.26 %

TOTAL 326 1070 4 1405 35 9 0.64 %


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OVERVIEW ON PESTICIDE RESIDUE MONITORING

PROGRAM FOR IMPORTED FOOD FOR YEAR 2010

STATE

Number of Samples Taken

Number of

samplesdetected with

pesticide

residue

Number ofsamples

exceeding

MRL

Rate of

contravention

Fruits

Vegetables

Otherfood

ereal,grains,

etc

)

Total

(

PERLIS 234 504 0 738 18 0 0.00 %

KEDAH 91 2348 0 2439 92 6 0.25 %

PERAK 12 32 0 44 4 0 0.00 %

KELANTAN 262 20 0 282 N/A 4 1.41 %

TOTAL 599 2904 0 3503 114 10 0.28 %


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CONCLUSION Enforcement of pesticide use and control is a

coordinated effort amongst governmentdepartments and agencies.

Data from both domestic and im orted fresh fruits

and vegetable shows that fresh produced sold inMalaysia are still safe for consumption.


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RECOMMENDATION Existing capacities and capability of the

laboratories involved in surveillance and monitoringof pesticide residues can be further expanded forincreased efficiency and greater coverage of

.

Continuous close collaboration among all theenforcement agencies involved is to be maintainedand enhanced to ensure the safety and

wholesomeness of food products being sold in thecountry.


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pesticide residues surveillance in food

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