pesticide safety protecting yourself. pesticides insecticides herbicides fungicides
TRANSCRIPT
Pesticide Safety
Protecting Yourself
Pesticides• Insecticides
• Herbicides
• Fungicides
Pesticide Injuries
Injuries – Mixing and Loading
• 60% of injuries• Application makes up
less than ½ (38%)• Over ½ (57%) of
injuries are systemic.• About 25% are eye
injuries
Toxicity of Pesticides
Toxicity – capability of a substance to cause injury or death.
How poisonous
it is!
Risk?• Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure
What is a Formulation
• How a pesticide is packaged.
• Contains:– Active Ingredient– Inert Ingredient
Types of formulations
• Wet
– More easily absorbed
• Dry
– More easily inhaled
Liquid Formulations
• EC –emulsifiable concentrate
• S - soluble
• ULV – ultra low volume
• F or FL - flowables
• ME – micro-encapsulated
Dry Formulations
• WP – Wettable powder
• DF – Dry Flowable
• WDG – Water Dispersable Granule
• D - Dust
• P or G – Pellets or Granules
• M or ME – Micro-Encapsulated
Capture 2 EC
Counter 15G
Benlate SP
Effects of Different Formulations
Formulation Hazards Phytox Equipment Agitate Compatible
WP Inhale Safe abrasive Yes High
DF/WDG Safe Safe abrasive Yes Good
SP Dusts Safe Non-abrasive Some Fair
EC Dermal Maybe Seals, gaskets No Fair
F or FL Dermal Maybe abrasive Yes Fair
S Dermal Safe Non-abrasive No Fair
D Inhale Safe NA NA NA
G or P Inhale Safe NA NA NA
M or ME Dermal Safe Generally ok Yes Fair
Routes of Exposure
Rates of Absorption
Acute and Chronic Toxicity
• Acute Exposure• Immediate effects of a
single, short term dose.
• All routes are considered during testing..dermal, oral, eye and inhalation
Measuring Toxicity – LD50
Some Common Oral LD50 Values
• Aldicarb (Temik) (I) – ----------------------0.9• Ethyl parathion (I) - -------------------------3• Carbofuran (Furadan)(I) -------------------8• Methyl parathion (I) – ----------------------9• Caffeine-----------------------------------------200• 2,4-D (H)----------------------------------------375• Table Salt---------------------------------------3750• Permethrin (Ambush) (I) ------------------4000• Imathamethabenz-methyl (Assert) (H)-->5000• Glyphosate (Roundup)(H)-------------------5600• Picloram (Tordon)(H)------------------------8200• Captan (F)--------------------------------------9000
Signal Words• Danger-Poison (I)• Danger (I)• Warning (II)• Caution (III)• Caution (IV)
…..Signal Words…...Indicate the relative toxicity of a pesticide
Chronic Toxicity
• The delayed effects of repeated exposures over a long period of time.
• Effects evaluated in the lab include– Potential tumors – Birth defects – Reproductive effects
Material Safety Data Sheets
• Provide details on both acute and chronic exposures.
• Provides basis for protective gear (PPE)
• WWW.greenbook.net
Other Label Information
Agricultural Use Requirements
REI’s
Pesticide Poisoning
Protecting your Bod!
• Skin
• Eyes
• Ingestion
• Inhalation
Coveralls
• For Toxicity Class III or IV – Cotton (tight weave), Kleenguard® coveralls
• For Toxicity Class (II) – Possibly cotton, Tyvek.
• For Toxicty Class I – PVC, Nitrile, Tychem®, sealed or serged seams.
Woven Materials
Laminated vs.
Woven
PVC
Polyethylene coated Tyvek
Gloves• Want unlined gloves!• Do Not Wear Leather
Gloves!• Do Not Wear exam
gloves!• Check for holes often!• Want 14 mils or
higher!
Glove Material
• Nitrile – Good overall protection, $2.39/pr
• Neoprene – Softer, better dexterity - $5.16• Natural Rubber – Use only on dry or water
based formulations - $11-18.00/pr
• Butyl – For High Toxicity Pesticides - $18.45
• PVC – Anyhydrous ammonia - $4.00/pr
• Viton – Superior Protection but $174.50/pr
Glove Material Classification A---Any dry or water based pesticide formulation. B---Any pesticide with acetate as the carrier solvent. C---Any pesticide with alcohol as the carrier solvent.
Example - Comite® D---Any pesticide with halogenated hydrocarbons as the carrier. E---Any pesticide with ketones (such as acetone) as the carrier solvent.
Example - Poast Plus®, Weedone 638®, 2,4-D LV 6 Ester® F---Any pesticide with ketone and aromatic petroleum distillate mixtures as the carrier solvent. Example - Di-syston 8® G---Any pesticide with aliphatic petroleum distillates ( such as kerosene, petroleum oil or mineral oil as the carrier solvent. Example - Guthion 2L® H---Any pesticide that has aromatic petroleum distillates (such as xylene) as the carrier solvent.
Gloves
Protecting Your Head
Straw Hat?
No. Ball Cap?
No..No
Yes!
Eye Protection
• Goggles
• Face Shields
• Safety Glasses
• But never wear contacts when spraying pesticides!!!
Respirators
Heat Stress While Spraying Pesticides
• Pesticide users are at higher risk…– More clothing
– Toxic environments
– Other stress factors• Hard work
• More exposed to sun
• Difficult to drink water
Heat Exhaustion• Overheating of the body due to excessive
loss of water or, in rare cases, salt depletion.
• Symptoms include:– thirst, headache
– Pallor
– Dizziness
– possibly nausea or vomiting.
– In severe cases, your heart may race and you may feel disoriented.
Heat Stroke
• Body's thermoregulatory system stops working.• Many of the symptoms are the same as for heat
exhaustion. • But there are additional symptoms
– cessation of sweating
– difficulty walking
– disorientation and fainting or;
– unconsciousness
Heat Stroke can permanently damage your health
If you get heatstroke once, you may be likely to get it again.
First Aid For Heat Exhaustion
• Stop what you are doing and get out of the sun-preferably into an air-conditioned building.
• Drink water or, better still, a sports beverage, taking it slowly rather than gulping it down.
• If you don't feel better within 30 minutes, go to a hospital emergency room.
• Heat Stroke is generally not fatal but heat stroke can be!!
First Aid For Heat Stroke
• Key symptom to look for is disorientation. A person who is functioning well mentally isn't in danger. Someone who's becoming "jelly brained“ is in trouble.
• Pack ice around the patient’s neck, armpit and groin.
• Splash water on the skin, and fan them.
• Elevate the legs.
• If the person is conscious, give plenty of fluids--1 to 2 quarts--preferably a sports beverage, but water's fine.
• The person will probably be nauseated and may not want to drink anything, but fluids are essential.
Preventing Heat Injuries
• Drink water (1 quart per hour when hot!)
• Eat to replace electrolytes
• Rest breaks!• Acclimatize!• Watch for low humidity.
You may not appear to be sweating but it is evaporating. You become less cautious
Heat Injuries Look Like Pesticide Injuries
• Sweating• Headache• Fatigue• Dry Membranes• Dry Mouth• No tears or spit• Fast pulse• Dilated pupils• Confusion• Loss of coordination
• Sweating
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Moist Membranes
• Salivation, spit, tears
• Slow pulse
• Pinpoint Pupils
• Confusion
• Loss of coordination
Heat Injuries Pesticide Injuries
Be Safe