pesticide use and toxicity down by mr allah dad khan agriculture expert khyber pakhtunkhwa province...
TRANSCRIPT
Pesticides Use and Toxicity By
Mr. Allah Dad Khan Master Trainer
Prime Minister Youth Scheme for Agriculture
Pakistan
Pesticide Use and Toxicity Down Conventional pesticide sales
down 3% per year between 1999 and 2006. (Crop Life, 2007)
Use of broad spectrum organophosphate and carbamate pesticides down. (California DPR)
Miles to go… 94% of fish, 94% of surface
water and 33% of ground water samples collected from 1992 and 2001 showed contamination with one or more pesticides. (2006 U.S. Geological Survey)
Herbicide-resistant weeds, invasive species, new drift regulations, non-target including pollinator impacts call for more IPM…
Bald eagle nesting pairs increase from 417 to 5,748 after DDT ban.
- Fish & Wildlife Service, 2003
IPM Reduces Pesticide Risk
IPM is an systems-based approach designed to reduce environmental, health and economic risks. IPM is implemented as an ongoing series of science-based, pest management evaluations, decisions and interventions.
IPM practitioners use knowledge of pest biology and environmental conditions, and technology to Prevent, Avoid Monitor and Suppress (PAMS) pests.
Basic IPM Practices Scouting (sampling) crops for pests and pest damage,
visually or with devices. Monitoring weather, other conditions. Acting when pests approach economically damaging levels.
Advanced IPM Practices Resolve: Why is the pest there? Pest-resistant crop varieties. Crop rotation, adjust planting times. Reduced-risk pesticides, mating
disruption, companion crops, beneficial insects.
Pest Scouting
Pheromone Disruptor Suction Trap
Presentation Objectives
Give a Working Definition of IPM Outline a few key pumpkin pests and related IPM control strategies Translate IPM Practices into NRCS EQIP for Specialty Crop
Guidelines Conclusions
What is IPM?
The comprehensive and coordinated use of cultural, biological, and chemical tactics to reduce a pest population below an acceptable threshold
Cultural – non-chemical tactics, host plant resistance, planting date, cover crops, traps, scouting, crop rotation, sanitation, etc.
Biological – natural enemy conservation & enhancement Chemical – pesticide selection and spray timing
Multiple Approaches to IPM
PAMS Prevention, Avoidance, Monitoring, Suppression
VS. Seasonal
Pre plant, At plant, In season, Harvest, Post harvestVS. Discipline
Weeds, Insects, Disease, Culture, etc. Can couch IPM in various combinations or formats
Pre plant, At plant, In season IPMInsect & Disease Management
Key Pest(s): Striped cucumber beetle, may vector Bacterial wilt (PP) Delay direct seeding until after 1st generation of beetles
decline (PP) Use transplants (AP) Use systemic insecticides in-furrow or seed treatments (IS) Scout emerged seedlings, treat if cuke beetle threshold is
exceeded
Bacterial wilt symptoms on pumpkin
Striped cucumber beetles
Aphid; Virus Fruit and Leaf Symptoms
In season and Post harvest IPMInsect Management
Key Pest: Squash vine borer (IS) Use pheromone trap to detect adults end of June to mid July (IS) Based on flight activity treat plant crown w/ insecticide (PH) Destroy vines after harvest, kill SVB larvae & pupae
Squash Vine Borer Adult, Larva, & Trap
Pre plant and In season IPMDisease Management
Key Disease: Powdery mildew (PP) Select PM tolerant hybrids when possible (IS) Scout beginning mid July, treat as soon as PM colonies found (IS) Rotate fungicide FRAC #’s to delay PM resistance (PP thru IS) Keep updated on most effective fungicides, they do
change over time