LONDON 'A. ,

BRITISH SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN EGYPT'' ,G

UNIVERSITY CO-LLEGE, 'GOWER STREET, W. C. I ..,:;F

i :' AND

BERNARD QUARITCH I 1 GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, W.',

1924

SEDMENT. STELE OF AMENHETEP AND ANCESTORS.

BRITISH SCHOOL O F ARCHAEOLOGY IN EGYPT

AND EGYPTIAN RESEARCH ACCOUNT

TWENTY-SEVENTH YEAR, I 9 2 I

S E D M E N T

BY

SIR FLINDERS PETRIE F.R.S. AND

GUY BRUNTON O.B.E.

L O N D O N BRITISH SCHOOL O F ARCHAEOLOGY I N EGYPT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, GOWER STREET, W. C. I

AND

BERNARD QUARITCH 1 1 GRAFTON STREET, N E W B O N D STREET, W.

I924

PRINTED BY ADOLF HOLZHAUSEN

VIENNA (AUSTRIA)

BRITISH SCHOOL O F ARCHAEOLOGY IN EGYPT P.4TR O N :

F.-M. VISCOUNT ALLENBY, G.C.B., G.C.M.G.

Lord ABERCROMBY HENRY BAT~FOUR Prof. R. C. BOSANQUET *Prof. J. B. BURY "SOMERS CLARKE EDWARD CLODD Mrs. J. W. CROWFOOT Sir W. BOYD DAWKINS Prof. Sir S. D ~ L L *Miss ECKENSTEIN Sir GREGORY FOSTER Sir JAMES FRAZER Prof. PERCY GARDNER

G E N E R A L C O M M I T T E E ("Executive Members)

THE

"Prof. ERNEST GARDNER (Chairman) LORD BISHOP OF GLOUCESTER Rt. Hon. Sir GEORGE T. GOLDIE Mrs. J. R. GREEN Rt. Hon. F.-M. LORD GRENBELL Mrs. F. LL. GRIFFITH Dr. A. C. HADDON D. G. HOGARTH *BASIL HOLMES Baron A. VON HUGEL Prof. A. S. HUNT Mrs. C. H. W. JORNS Sir HENRY MIERS J. G. MILNE

Honorary Direcfor-Prof. Sir FLINDERS PETRIE Honorary Treasurer "C. H. CORBETT J. P.

Honorary S ~ C Y ~ ~ ~ V - L A D T PETRIE

AMERICAN BRANCH

EGYPTIAN RESEARCH

ROBERT MOND Prof. MONTAGUE "Miss M. A. MURRAY P. E. NEWBERRY F. W. PERCIVAL Dr. PINCHES Sir G. W. PROTHERO Dr. G. A. REISNER Prof. Sir F. W. RIDGEWAY *H. SEFTON JONES Mrs. STRONG Lady TIRARD E. TOWRY WHYTE

ACCOUNT President

JAMES HENRY BREASTED, PH.D.

Vice-Presz'den fs

WII.LIAM J, HOLLAND, PH.D., Sc.D., LL.D. CHARLES F. THWING, D.D., LL.D, EDMUND J. JAMES, PH.D., LL.D. 1 BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER, PH.D., L.H.D., L L D . F. W. SHIPLEY, PR.D. / WILLIAM COPLET WINSLOW, Pa.D., L.H.D., LL.D.

Hon. Secrefary

Prof. MITCHELL CARROLL, PH.D.

P U B L I C A T I O N S O F T H E EGYPTIAN RESEARCH ACCOUNT AND

B R I T I S H S C H O O L O F A R C H A E O L O G Y I N E G Y P T

I. BALLAS, 1895; by J. E. QUIBELL. (Out of print; obtainable in joint volume NAQADA AND BALLAS, by W. M. F. PETRIE. 68 plates. 20s. net.)

11. THE RAMESSEUM, 1896; by J. E. QUIBELL. (Out of print.) 111. EL KAB, 1897; by J. E. QUIBELL. IV, HIERAKONPOLIS I, 1898; text by W. M. F. P. 43 plates. 20s net. V. HIERAKONPOLIS 11, 1899; by F. W. GREEN and J. E. QUIBELL. 39 plates (4 coloured and 20

photographic). VI. EL ARABAH, 1900; by J. GARSTANG. 40 plates. 16s. net. (Out of print.)

VII. MAHASNA, 1901; by J. GARSTANG and KURT SETHE. 43 plates. (Out of print.) VIII. TEMPLE O F THE KINGS, 1902; by A ST. GEORGE CAULFEILD. 24 plates. 16s. net. (Out of print.)

IX. THE OSIREION, 1903; by MARGARET -4. MURRAY. 37 plates. 25s. net. X. SAQQARA MASTABAS I, 1904; by M. A. MURRAY; and GUROB, by L. LOAT. 64 plates. 30s. net.

XI. SAQQARA MASTABAS 11, 1905; by HILDA PETRIE. (In preparation.) XII. HYKSOS AND ISRAELITE CITIES, 1906; by W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE and J. GARROW DUNCAN.

40 plates. 25s. net. In double volume with 94 plates. 45s. net. (This latter is out of print.) XIII. GIZEH AND RIFEH, 1907; by W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE. 40 plates. 25s. net. In double volume

with ~ o g plates. 50s. net. XIV. ATHRIBIS, 1908; by W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, J. H. WALKER and E. B KNOBEL. 43 plates. 25s. net.

(Out of print.) XV. MEMPHIS I, 1908; by W. M. F. PETRIE and J. H. WALKER. 54 plates. 25s. net.

XVI. QURNEH, 1909; by W. M. F. PETR~E and J. H. WALKER. 56 plates. (Out of print.) XVII. THE PALACE O F APRIES (MEMPHIS II), 1909; by W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE and J. H. WALKER.

35 plates. 25s. net. XVIII, MEYDUM AND MEMPHIS (III), 1910; by W. M. F. PETRIE, E. MACKAY, and G. WAINWRIGHT.

47 plates. 25s. net. XIX. HISTORICAL STUDIES, 1910.. 25 plates. 25s. net. (Studies, vol. ii.) XX. ROMAN PORTRAITS (MEMPHIS IV), 1911; by W. M. F. PETRIE. 35 plates. 25s. net.

XXI. THE LABYRINTH AND GERZEH, 1911; by W. M. F. PETRIE, E. MACKAY, and G. WAINWRIGHT. 52 plates. 25s. net.

XXII. PORTFOLIO O F HAWARA PORTRAITS. 24 coloured plates. 50s. net. XXIII. TARKHAN I AND MEMPHIS V, 1912; by W. M. F. PETRIE. 81 plates. 25s. net. XXIV. HELIOPOLIS I AND KAFR AMMAR, 1912; by W. M. F. PETRIE. 58 plates. 25s. net. XXV. RIQQEH AND MEMPHIS VI, 1913; by R. ENGELBACH, HILDA PETRIE, M. A. MURRAY, and

W. M. F. PETRIE. 62 plates. 25s. net. XXVI. TARKHAN 11, 1913; by W. M. F. PETRIE. 72 plates. 25s. net.

XXVII. LAHUN I, THE TREASURE, 1914; by GUY BRUNTON. 23 plates (8 coloured). 63s. net. XXVIII. HARAGEH; by R. ENGELBACH and B. GUNN. 81 plates. 25s. net.

XXIX. SCARABS AND CYLINDERS, 1915; by W. M. F. PETRIE. 73 plates. 32s. net. XXX. TOOLS AND WEAPONS, 1916; by W. M. F. PETRIE. 76 plates. 35s. net.

XXXI, PREHISTORIC EGYPT, 1917; by W. M. F. PETRIE. 53 plates. 25s. net. XXXII. CORPUS O F PREHISTORIC POTTERY; by W. M. F. PETRIE. 58 plates. 25s. net.

XXXIII. LAHUN 11, THE PYRAMID, 1920; by W. M. F. PETRZE, G. BRUNTON, M. A. MURRAY. 75 plates. 25s. net. XXXIV. SEDMENT I ; by W. M. F. PETRIE and G. BRUNTON. 47 plates. 25s. net. XXXV. SEDMENT 11; by W. M. F. PETRIE and G. BRUNTON. 43 plates. 25s. net.

Subscrz;btions of One Guinea for the Annual Single Volumes, or Two Guineas fo r the Two Annual Vobmes, are received by the Hon. Secretary, at the Edwards Libraty, Universii College, Gower Street, London, WC.,

where also copies of the above works can be obtained.

S E D M E N T I

C O N T E N T S

VOLUMES 1 A N D 11

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER I

T H E SITE ( F . P.) SECT . PAGE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . The position I

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . History I

. . . . . . . . . . 3 . Workers of the expedition I

CHAPTER I1

T H E TOMBS O F T H E OLD KINGDOM ( F . P.)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . Tomb 315 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . Tombs of IInd dynasty

. . . . . . . . . 6 . Tomb of Ra-mery-ha-shetef 7 . Tomb of Nenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . Tombs of VIth dynasty

CHAPTER I11

CEMETERY 2 xoo (G . B.) SECT . PAGE 21 . Tombs 2100 to 2105 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 22 . Tomb of Uazet.hetep, 2106 . . . . . . . . . 10

23 . Tomb 2107; Khenty.khety. 21 I I . . . . . . I I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2112. Mertetes. to 2123 12

. . . . . . . . . . . 25 2127. Nekht.kaua. to 2137 12

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 General description 13

CHAPTER V1

T H E MAYANA CEMETERIES (G . B.)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The site . . . . . . Tombs of IInd-IIIrd dynasties

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cemetery N . . . . . . . . Cemetery K. XVIth dynasty

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large group 1300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . Characteristics of K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . Beads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T H E TOMBS O F T H E NINTH A N D T E N T H 34 . Pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DYNASTIES ( F . P.) 35 . Scarabs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g . The dating 5 36 . Graves of XVIIIth dynasty. and round pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10 Position of bodies 5 37 Roman remains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . Coffins of Uazet-hetep and Nekht-kaua . . 5 12 . Cartonnage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 S E D M E N T I1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . Collars and necklaces 6 CHAPTER V11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . Statuettes 6

T H E EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY (F . P.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . Figures and boats 7 . . . . . . . . . . 16 . Tools, arrows. games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 38 Burial under Amenhetep 1

. . . . . . ‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . Model offerings 8 39 . Burial of TazZrti. 276A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . Scarabs and seals 8 40 . Stele of Amenhetep. 276

. . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Burial with baskets. 254 . . . . . . CHAPTER IV 42 Burials of mid XVIIIth dynasty

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Stele of Neb-em-kemt T H E CLASSIFICATION O F T H E POTTERY ( F . F.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Stele of Amen-em-hat

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 . Sequences 8 45 . Burials of late XVIIIth dynasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . Range of types g 46 . Register plate of outlines

CONTENTS

CHAPTER V111

THE NINETEENTH DYNASTY (F. P.) SECT. PAGE 47. Burials under Sety I . . . . . . . . . . ' . . 26

48. Tomb of general Sety . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 49. Tomb of Pa-hen-neter . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 50. Tomb of Rahetep and Pa-ra-hetep . . . . 28 51. Sarcophagi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 52. Altar and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 53. Figures of veziers, and altars . . . . . . . . 29 54. Lintel and inscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 55. Family stele of Pa-ra-hetep . . . . . . . . . 3 0 56. Granite shrine of Rahetep . . . , . . . . . . 30 57. Inscriptions of Rahetep . . . . . . . . . . . 30 58. Distinction of the two veziers . . . . . . . 31

CHAPTER IX

THE NINETEENTH DYNASTY (G. B.) SECT. PAGE 59. Large pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

60. Burials in cemetery C . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

DISTRIBUTION LIST

INDEX

TO TEXT, NAMES AND TITLES

INDEX OF TOMBS

LIST O F PLATES

S E D M E N T

VOL. I PLATE PAGES

I. Group 560, IInd dynasty. Group 613, VIth dynasty . . . . . . . . . 2, 4, 6, 15

11. Group 560, IInd dynasty . . . . . . . 2

111. Stone vases 17-42, 1st and IInd dynasties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

IV. Stone vases 43-69, IInd dynasty V. Stone vases 70-86, IInd and IIIrd

dynasties. 87-94, XVIIIth dyn- asty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 14, 16, 24

VI. Stone vases, IInd, IXth, and XVIIIth dynasties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I4

VII. Mery-ra-ha-shetf, half length, nos. I and I11 . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 3

VIII. Mery-ra-ha-shetf, Figure I, VIth dyn. 3 IX. Mery-ra-ha-shetf, Figure I1 . . . . . 3 X. Mery-ra-ha-shetf, Figure I11 . . . . . 3

XI. Mery-ra-ha-shetf tomb furniture, VIth dynasty . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 3

XII. Mery-ra-ha-shetf coffin, amulets I 680, reed pipes . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 4, 6, 24

XIII. Head rests, offering trays, masks, IXth dynasty . . . . . 5, 6, 8, 12, 14, 25

XIV. Head rests, VIth-Xth dynasties 4, 5, 12

XV. Head rests, XVIIIth dynasty . . 5, 25, 28 XVI. Nubian pottery, mask, VIIIth dyn-

asty? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,6, g XVII. Wooden figures, VIIth-Xth dyn-

asties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 7, 14 XVIII. Coffin of Khenty-khety, coloured

figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 12

XIXA. Coffin of Khenty-khety, sides . . . 5, 12

XIXB. Coffin of Khenty-khety, ends . . . 5, 12

XX. Wooden figures, IXth-Xth dyn- asties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 10, I I

XXI. Tools, game board, head rests 7, 11, 12% 13, I5

XXII. Group 3 I 5, hoe, game boards, columns of Rahetep . . . . . . 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 16, 29

PLATE PAGES XXIII. Coffins of Uazet-hetep, Daduif

5, 10, 12, 13 XXIV. Outside coffin of Nekht-kaua . . 5, 12

XXIVA. Outside of inner coffin, Nekht- kaua, plan cemetery N . . . . 5, 12

XXV. Inside of inner coffin, Nekht-kaua 5, 12

XXVI. Wooden figures and fishing boat, IXth dynasty . . . , . . . . . 7, 8, 12

XXVII. Coffins of Hauremsekhtu, Henty, and Neb, IXth dynasty . . . . 5

XXVIII. Coffin of An-onkh, IXth-Xth dynasties . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

XXIX. Pottery, VIth-Xth dyn., 1-33 8, g XXX. ,, 7, ,, 34-49 8, 9

XXXI. ,, 7 9 ,, 50-55 879 XXXII. ,, 7 , 9, 61-65 8, 9

XXxII I . ,, 1 7 , 65-80 8, 9 XXXIV. ,, 7 7 ,, 82-87 8, 9 xxxv. ,, 7 9 ,, 88-95 8, 9

XXXVI. Register of graves, 1st-Xth dynasties, 7 1-662 . . . . . . . 5

XXXVII. Register of graves, IXth-Xth dynasties, 709-1 560 . . . . . . 5

XXXVIII. Register of graves, IXth-Xth dynasties, 1561-1650 . . . . . 5

XXXIX. Register of graves, IXth -Xth dynasties, 1651-2137 . . . . . 5

XL. Group 1300, XVIth dynasty cof- fin and Bes, XVIIIth dyn- asty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 23, 25

XLI. Stone and glazed vases, XVIth dynasty . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 17, 18

XLII. Carvings, XVIth-XIXth dyn- asties . . . . . . . . 17, 18,21,23,32

XLIII. Scarabs, amulets and tools 15, 16, 17, 18, 21

XLIV. Pottery, XVIth dynasty 16, 17, 18, 19 XLV. ,, 9 7 1 7 16, 177 19

XLVI. Register ofgraves, XVIth dynasty XLVII. Register of graves, XVIIth-

XVIIIth dynasties

LIST OF PLATES

VOL. I1 PLATE PAGES XLVIII. Foreign pottery, group 263.

G, Ghurob. K, Kahun . . . . . . 23 XLIX. Stele and altar, 276, in place.

Statuette 280 . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26 FRONT. L. Stele of Amenhetep and ancestors 23

LI. Altar of Amenmes. Altar with tanks 23 LII. Stele of Nebenkemt and family . . 24

LIII. SteIe of Amenemhat and family . 24 LIV. Groups of XVIIIth dynasty. Girls

with dishes . . . . . . 23, 24, 25, 26, 32 LV. Basket group, 254. Sarcophagus.

. . . . . . . . . Canopics 24, 26, 27, 32 LVI. Sarcophagus of Pasar, reused by

Pahen-neter, XVIIIth dynasty 27, 29 LVII. Scarabs, IXth dynasty. Basket

group, 254, XVIIIth dynasty 5, 8, 13, 23-25

LVIII. Scarabs. Toilet box I I, 13, 24, 26, 3 1-33 LIX. Foreign pottery, XVIIIth dynasty 25, 28 LX. Pottery and groups, XVIIIth dyn-

asty, 3 1-3 ro . . . . . . . . . 23, 24, 25 LXI. Groups of XVIIIth dynasty,

336-580. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 , 6, 25 LXII. Pottery of XVIIIth dynasty,

582-1691 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 LXIII. Sketches of groups . . . . . 6, 23, 24, 26 LXIV. Pottery, Nubian and XVIIIth dyn-

asty. New types . . . . . . . . . . 21

LXV. Pottery, XVIIIth dynasty. New types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I

LXVI. Vases and inscriptions . g, 10, 13, 31-33 LXVII. Register of graves, XVIIIth-

XIXth dynasties LXVIII. Stele of Pa-hen-neter, XIXth dyn-

asty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 27

PLATE PAGES LXIX. Pillars of tomb of Sety, XIXth

dynasty. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 LXX. Lintel sculptures of Sety tomb 27, 28

LXXI. Sculpture of Parahetep. Toilet boxes . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 29, 31

LXXII. Vezier Rahetep, scene and altar. Door jamb . . . . . . . . . . 29, 30

. . . LXXIII. Basalt stele of Parahetep 30 LXXIV. Granite shrine of Rahetep . . 30 LXXV. Granite sarcophagus of Ra-

hetep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 LXXVI. Stele of Nebuhetep. Fragments 30

LXXVII. Ushabtis of Ramery, Apuy, and Nekht, XIXth dynasty . . . 27

LXXVIII. Ushabtis of Pa-hen-neter, Heb- anu, Amen-nekht, carton- nage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,28

LXXIX. Numbers of graves with objects figured

LXXX. Names and titles LXXXI. Plans of tombs, IInd-VIth

dynasties . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 4 LXXXII. Plans of tombs, XVIIIth dyn-

asty . . . . . . . . . . 23, 24, 26, 28 LXXXIII. Plans of tombs, XVIIIth-

XIXth dynasties . . 26, 29, 32, 33 LXXXIV. Rahetep tomb plan, canopic

inscriptions . . . . . . . . . . 28

LXXXV. Cemeteries general plan . . . . 9, I 5 LXXXVI. Cemeteries A and D . 2, 4-8, 25-27

LXXXVII. 9 , B, C, L, M, P, R 4, 14, 15, 26-29

LXXXVIII. p) E a n d F . . . . . . 7 LXXXIX. Cemetery G . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

XC. Cemeteries H, J, K and W 6, 9, 14, 16-19

SEDMENT, THE CEMETERY H ERAKLEOPOLI S.

CHAPTER V11

THE EIGH'I 'EENTH DYNAS'I'Y.

38. AT Sedment, the cemetery seems to be almost blank between the X t h dynasty and Tehutmes 111, but we include in this volume, pl. xlviii, 5 to 24, a group from Lahun, which has no connection with things there. In the brick buildings, adjoining the lower temple at Lahun, various later graves had been dug. One of these contained a coarsely painted wooden coffin, in which were five bodies, dated to Amenhetep I. The lowest body was that of a large woman, heavily wrapped up; on her fingers were the scarabs 15 to 17, 21 to 23. A young man was the next body, on which there was nothing. Three girls' bodies were placed above ; one of these bore the string of silver flies and garnet beads, 8 ; the silver earrings coiled, 14, 18; the bracelets of black glaze and ostrich shell beads, 19, 20 ; and necklaces of shell with green glaze and carnelian beads, g, shell and blue glaze, 10 to 12, black glaze and ostrich shell, 13, amethyst and carnelian, 14. The square plaque on 12 is characteristic of the reign of Amenhetep I, and the hemi-cylindrical bead above it also belongs to that reign. In the same coffin were the two kohl pbts and sticks of haematite, 5, 7, and the casket with two sliding lids. This is a good group for dating purposes. (Univ. Coll.)

39. The earliest burial of this dynasty a t Sedment (276A) was that of Taziirti, xl, I , with a rudely irregular band of hieroglyphs down the front, bands across, the jackal on a shrine, the uzat eye, and on the other side a figure of TazLrti seated. The coffin

is cut out of a log of wood. (Cairo Mus.) With this were the jars lx, 44 to 46, and small vases lxiii, 276A, also a necklace of beads. (All at Univ. Coll.) From the style this cannot be later than Tehutmes I (see Rifeh xxvii D, 68, 69), and it is more probably of Amenhetep I.

There is included in pl. liv, 22, 23, a scarab of Amenhetep I found with a duck dish of alabaster at Ghurob. Also on pl. xlviii, I a prehistoric Greek vase with three handles found in tomb 246 at Ghurob, probably of the time of Tehutmes 111. (Cairo.) Of the same age is the green glazed figure of an ape holding a kohl tube, from grave 1214. Mayana, pl. liv, 20. (Manchester.)

Dated to Tehutmes 111, there is the palette, xlviii, 32, of the scribe Men-kheper (263, Phil- adelphia). He was obviously named after the king (like the Men-kheper of Leyden stele v, 10) but is not later, as the kohl pots 28, 30, 31 found with this are not known after Tehutmes 111. This serves to date the duck dishes, 27, 32, the inlaid lid 26, and the upper part of a fine figure in polished red pottery, 25, all from tomb 263. (Oxford.) Of course, the 54 years' reign of that king gives a wide range; but i t marked a great change in Egypt, due to the large importation of Syrians and their products.

40. Probably under Tehutmes 111 was carved a splendid family stele, which was found standing in place in a niche, with its altar in front of it, xlix, I to 4, and pl. 1, frontispiece; and a kneeling figure holding a tablet of adoration placed a short way before the stele (276). This was on the western top of the hill A, near the burial of TazBrti. Though a complete search was made within the

4

24 THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY

chamber and ante-chamber, and on the hill top around this, no trace of any tomb pit could be found. The quality of work is finer than any that I have seen on private steles, and the colouring remains complete. The family consisted of the priest Aohmes; his son Amen-mes and daughter Auta, who married, and had a son Neb-nekhtu. He married Sherit-ra, daughter of Sen-nefer, high priest of Heliopolis and of Memphis; and their son Amenhetep, who was hereditary priest of Her-shefi, put up the stele. The altar is for Amen-mes the grandfather (pl. xlix, 4, and li). The kneeling figure, 4, with tablet of adoration is named Min- mes, who does not appear on the stele. The whole group is arranged in the original order in Cairo Museum. Probably the four generations, by their names, were born under Amenhetep I to Tehut- mes 11. Sen-nefer who held the two greatest high- priesthoods, has the plaited lock of a royal son, and was probably a son of Amenhetep I.

41. An unusual burial, 254, was also in hill A, on the inner curve. The coffin with a ridge roof of flat boards was of a rare type (lxiii, 254), and was kept at Cairo Museum. In it was the set of baskets, pl. lv, 15 to 19. They were in perfect condition, and contained the caskets and vases I to 14. These are shown on a larger scale in pl. Ivii, 30 to 40. The casket 30 has a ridge lid taking off in one piece; the sides are inlaid with squares of ebony and ivory. The casket 31 has two sliding lids, and a hingeing lid of another compartment. The bilbil flask 32 is one of five, 3 black, I brown, and I red, all tied over with linen. 33 is a new form of red polished vase imitating stitched leather; parts of another were in a pit tomb. 34, 35 are alabaster vases of usual forms. 36 is a red polished pilgrim flask. 37, 38 are usual types of alabaster. The double kohl tubes are of alabaster, 39, and of wood, 40. The mixture of kohl pots and tubes dates this group to Tehutmes 111. (Philadelphia.)

42. A small group, 3x0, is of the same reign, v, 87 to gq, and lx, 53 to 56. The kohl pots 92, 94, the red and black lines on 53, and the long foreign flask, 54, all agree with this date. The gold ear- ring go should be noted: it is flat on the sides, cylindrical around, with a dividing line, and two rings above to hold a pin passing through the ear. (Brussels.) Of this reign also are two scarabs, lvii, 11, 12, from tomb 133; and a kohl pot with three alabaster vessels, lxii, 107 to 110, from tomb 907.

(Melbourne.) Probably none of the jars with black bands are later than Tehutmes 111.

In tomb 1805 there were two reed pipes, cracked and crushed, but complete so that the holes could be measured. The distances from the open end are shewn on half size a t the base of pl. xii. Above them are the positions of holes on the pair of reeds found in the Maket tomb, a t Kahun. Those reeds were of E flat a t the open end, and assuming the 5th, dominant, to be most correct, the positions required for other notes are marked in, I t will be seen that all the pipes fairly agree with the major scale; but as the distances are nearly equal the resulting scale may only coincide by chance with our ideas. (Oxford.) Adjacent tombs 1809 and 1810 are of Amenhetep I1 and Tehutmes IV (pl. lviii).

Of the reign of Amenhetep 11, apparently, is the swimming girl with a box liv, 12, from tomb 2253 (Philadelphia) ; with i t was a kohl tube and foreign bilbil flasks.

43. Of Amenhetep 111, pl. lii, is the large stele of Neb-em-kemt, who was in charge of Kho-em-maot the royal barge of Amenhetep 111. At the top is the scene of Osiris in feathered dress, "prince of the cycle of the gods," with the kher heb Ptah-ne-zB (Ptah of the robe) behind, Before, are the fan bearer of the royal boat Kho-em-maot, named Neb-em-kemt, and his sister the mistress of the house Nefer-hent also named Taiy. Below are Neb-em-kemt and Taiy receiving offerings from the eldest son and priest, Moy, and the daughters Tem-ry and Sanebtef. Behind the parents are the daughter S%t-thiri, and a son. These scenes and the upper inscription are in relief, the lower one is incised. A t the sides are the usual formulae. This came from cemetery C. The boat is mentioned on Eraser's Bull-hunt scarab.

44. Of about the same date, or rather earlier, is the stele of Amen-em-hat, pl. liii, with charming small groups a t the sides. The top is lost; beginning down the sides, we read "For the ka of the beloved of Maot, free from evil, entering unto truth as Lord of Truth, the divine father Amenemhat"; on the other side ". . . drink water upon the swirl of the stream, ka of the divine father of Hershefi, Amen- emhat, born of the judge.. . . . born of the lady of the house Maket." A s this name is not common, it seems likely that this was the Maket who was buried a t Kahun (Illahun xxvi, 7-9). The horizontal lines read thus :-(I) The divine father of Hershefi, Amenemhat; he says [Mayest thou worship R a in]

STELES 25

(2) his rising in the horizon . . . (3) (4) . . . (5) gods, god Creator (?) of the Rekhyt (?). .. (6) 0 king, behold there is not repetition (?), behold thou goest over the backs without thy restraining (7) thy fire. Their hearts are glad, they overthrow for thee the rebel (8) May the king give an offering and Hershefi lord of Henen-nesut, the king of heaven, the ruler of the stars; may he give glory in heaven, strength on earth, and acquittal (g) within the Iihert-neter (divine underworld), and repetition of life after. His refreshment is without evil, the righteous one it is who receives him, his reckoning is before (10) those who are in the Presence, his name exists firm in Noun, that which he did on earth is not destroyed, his son enters (?) with the possessors of offerings (?) coming (I I) to him with food. His statue is among those who belong to (?) water-pouring (?). Fails not for him the return. The things which are in the East are multiplied. (12) Every one who knows stretches out the hands to him. Graciousness it is which surrounds him. The excellent heir he is in his character. (13) The Osiris, divine father of Hershefi, Amenemhat, deceased. Wide is he of eternity, his arm is not limited, he is praised and his boundaries (14) are not empty. Great is thy heart for thee, it justi,fies for thee all thy actions (?), They listen to thee ; thou hast power over land and water, (15) ... northern breeze coming out from the marsh (Delta). Thou eatest thy fruit unto thy desire according to thy custom (when thou) wast upon earth. Thou art caused to tarry in the city.. . in Karnak. Thou hast seen the Aten in [its] course, thy face has seen Amen when he shines. Thou art satisfied [with] the building of Truth ( I 6) . . . thou hast gone beyond the camp (?) and its shrine, worshipping the chief of his house. Thou shalt not be driven away a t the entrance of heaven, 0 divine father of Hershefi, Amenemhat, deceased, born of the judge Hati-o of ... southern .... and born of the lady of the house Maket."

A t the sides: "Divine father of Sebek-Shedety (?). . . His son, his beloved. His daughter Isis. His daughter Yu . . . The herdsman Sebekmes. His daughter Ykhy. The scribe of the accounts (?) . . . Her-ka. The lady of the house Ta-pa-ser. Sa-ben." (Philadelphia.)

45. A group 419, Ixi, 63 to 75 includes an ostrakon with a date, 27th year; the vase 75 is too early for Sety I or Ramessu 11, so this is dated to the latter years of Amenhetep 111. The part of a chair (68), the lotus lid (67), and the alabasters 71 to 73 are

useful a s dating points. (Michigan.) The legs of the chairs, 58, 68, look a t first as if turned in a lathe; but all of these are hand-worked by filing or grinding tools, though imitating turned work. The Egyptian refused to employ the lathe or the compasses, while both were in use near by, probably in Syria.

T o the latter part of the XVIIIth dynasty belong the groups 131, pottery lx, 40 to 43, and head-rests xv, 23, 24 (Ipswich). Group 132 contained a toilet box engraved with an ibex hunt by dogs and a lion Ixxi, 3 (Manchester); found with this was foreign pottery lix, g to 15 (Oxford), some broken serpentine vases 16 and 17, and the grand vase 18, with some coarsely written papyrus. Another group which might be rather later is 59, with foreign pottery lix, 3,4, 5 (Oxford), and the razor with other objects lx, 32 to 38.

Of the close of the XVIIrth dynasty, there is the group 406, dated by a drab amphora with inscription of Heremheb (U. C.). With this was the red polished vase formed as a head of Bes xl, 41 (Cairo), and a large number of scarabs lvii, 14 to 29 (Edinburgh), mostly of the earlier time of Tehutmes IV and Amenhetep 111. The winged Bes with serpents by the head, 18, is most remarkable. There were also two plain cowroids of carnelian and one of jasper. Six gold nefer signs were found in position on the forehead of the mummy, and a yellow glass long bead on a copper core, with strings of small blue, red, and white beads (U. C.) were also in this burial.

A group in which there also seems to be some mixture of dates is 136, with the exquisite figure of a girl carrying a toilet tray liv, 11. This figure has not the slenderness of the early XVIIIth dynasty, but belongs to the later naturalistic work, yet it has not lost the old gracefulness. It could scarcely be placed later than Amenhetep 111. Agreeing with this is the serpentine vase liv, 3, the ushabti 4 inscribed on a yellow ground, and the curious bust 5 (larger view below, and outline lx, 21). Yet with these were two blue-green glazed ushabtis 7,8, which could not be before Ramessu 11, and which seem to belong to a later burial, or thrown in when clearing an adjoining tomb. (No. I I is at Carlsberg, the rest a t Univ. Coll.)

46. Here should be noted the plate, lxiii, of register outlines. The great amount of the important new remains of the IXth dynasty, and the earlier tombs, left little time for my drawing the later

4*

26 THE NINETEENTH DYNASTT

remains, also I was laid up for a week or two. In dealing with the minor groups of the XVIIIth and XIXth dynasties it has been needful, there- fore, to resort to the note book of Major Hynes, who had sketched a good deal which I have copied here. These outlines will suffice to show the collocation of types, though not so precise as the larger drawings. The long-necked bilbil (as 216E, 256C, and others) was only noted, without drawing, so the varieties of form were not stated; the same is true of the long red vase 256 G, 283A, and probably the scale of 264B is too large.

216 was the burial of Bakt-per-shenut, "Servant of the Court." The bilbil E seems to belong to the reign of Tehutmes 111, and this will, then, date the glazed pectoral, F, and the curious gold fish (?), B.

223 is named, by the neck-bead, for the priest of Ptah, Moy, who may have been the same as the "chief of the temples of Ptah" on the Leyden stele, v, 35.

236, named by the ushabtis of Apuy, is certainly of the XIXth dynasty.

237 with canopic heads of wood and rude pottery, and 243 with a head of green glaze, are probably XIXth dynasty.

245 has a small wooden cup, B, with a circular lid of wood ; probably of the middle of the XVIIIth dynasty.

246. The curved ebony stick is a puzzling piece ; the joint proves it not strong enough for any force, and the butt seems as if to fit at right angles on to a pole, like the joint of a bar on to a chair leg.

253. The sistrum head of Hathor, also in 261, was part of a wand for dancers, as in Sanehat the princesses took their sistra for dancing.

254. The unusual coffin with a ridge lid contained the burial with the five baskets of toilet vases, pls. lv, lvii. The coffin is 60 X 22 X 35 inches high ; the ends rise 7II2 above the opening, the ridge is ql/, high, and the body 24 inches high, on legs 3I/, long. (Cairo Museum.) The date appears to be of the reign of Tehutmes 111, b y the mixture of stone kohl pots and wooden tubes. The same date may be given to group 256.

260 is probably about the reign of Sety I. The blue glazed canopic jars (lv, 22) are too fine for later times; yet there were as many as 24 ushabtis, marking the date after the XVIIIth dynasty. The name Kho-em-apt occurs, and probably the alabaster canopics, A, were for him; the blue glazed canopics were for the chantress of Amen, Hathor.

261. The private name Ay on the wine-jar sealing brings this group early in the XIXth dynasty, to which it must belong by the ushabtis 44 to 48.

263 is the pottery from the interesting group of Men-kheper the scribe, xlviii, 25 to 32. The date cannot be after Tehutmes I11 as there are three kohl pots, but no tubes except the fluted one 263H.

267. The name is illegible. The small face B is from a cartonnage, of a style which is the last degradation of the Middle Kingdom masks, extending down to Tehutmes I11 (GARSTANG, Arabah, pls. xviii, xxi). The banding on C suggests that it is an early form of bilbil.

270 includes a large flat bag with rope edging and handles, B. The red polished pot A is not later than Tehutmes 111. A rod of wood, C, has two grooves in it near the ends; the purpose is unknown.

273 is a group of Tehutmes 111, by the style; with it was the beautiful canopic head of red polished pottery, lv, 23, and parts of others.

276A, the burial of Tazgrti, is described in sect. 39. This group must be early in the XVIIIth dynasty.

280, a group with the wooden statuette xlix, 5. The scale-pattern vase of green glaze and the stone model vase B, seem early; yet the long glass beads found with these would bring this late in the XVIIIth, or into the XIXth dynasty.

283 is a very interesting group for the impressed glass, of which there were four figures, one copied here, J. Hitherto such impressed glass has been supposed to be of the Ptolemaic or late period; here it is well dated to the middle of the XVIIIth dynasty, and therefore as early as any common use of glass in Egypt.

562. This group is of Hyksos age; compare B, C, with xli, I to 3 ; and the style and colour of D with xli, 15, 32.

171gA is probably a IXth dynasty pot, left in the grave from previous use.

1723 is a fine group, well dated to Tehutmes 111, by the style of the scarabs lviii, 12, 14, 22, and the glazed bowl of a full rich blue, J (Cambridge).

CHAPTER V111

T H E N I N E T E E N T H DYNASTY.

47. OF the time of Sety I, there is the fine polychrome glazed pectoral, liv, IS, 21, from the tomb of Rames (134, Manchester). The variety of ushabtis found with this is unusual. The main types

RAMES, SETY, PAHENNETER TOMBS 27

are drawn on pl. lxxvii, I to 17. There mere g with the chapter inscribed on whitened wood, as I ; with the name only, as 3, 4, 5, 6, there were 17; none of these had the kilt.

Of Thiy, presumably the wife, there was one with the chapter (2), and one with the kilt (7). Of plain wood (fig. 12) there were 84 and 3 with kilt; black wood 54, and 4 kilted; pottery, good, 4, pitched 15; wood rudely inscribed 8, and I kilted. Total 192 and g with kilt. There were also with other names, Khnum-em-heb g and 2 kilted (fig. 10); glazed 2 (fig. g) ; Hershefdada 5 (fig. I I) ; Ma5 I 7 (fig. I 7) ; Behuru 5 ; Au (fig. 16) ; Arurne ? (fig. 15) ; two hieratic (fig. 13, 14) and of pottery painted yellow (fig. 8).

The number for Rames, 201, with g overseers, seems to show that a round hundred was already intended, like 400 later; and one in twenty was headman, instead of one in ten, later. I t is to be observed that only a single ushabti was found in any burial of the XVIIIth dynasty; but as soon as we reach the XIXth, there are 200; this sudden change was already noted, from other instances (Ancient Egypt 1916, 159, 162), as the transfer from being figures of the master to being figures of the servants. The extremely different quality in the same tomb, as here and in tomb 33, suggests that each member of the family, household, and labourers had to provide a substitute to work in the future. From this tomb was a long papyrus of the Book of the Dead; it had been roughly unrolled, and left lying in a heap covered with rubbish, in the tomb doorway. I t was brought away so far as possible, and the hundreds of fragments need restoration. The work of it is the most delicate that I have seen, in the drawing and colouring of the birds and animals; the face of Osiris and ornaments of the gods are gilded, and this is also very unusual. I t contains not only the usual chapters, but some parts of the pyramid texts. (Cambridge.)

48. Coming, later, to the reign of Ramessu 11, there is a great tomb (138) of a royal scribe, general, chief of the followers, royal messenger in all lands, Sety. Six octagonal columns (lxix) were placed in the tomb chamber to support the soft rock roof, and each of these had four inscriptions, varying in reference to the gods, and in the titles. The gods named are Osiris, 7, and I "prince of eternity"; Ptah 7, Anup 5, Hathor z, Isis I, illegible I : see pl. lxix. There are two unusual titles Ptah making works in

all things good and pure," and " Ptah circulating eternally." (These pillars are at Cairo, Brussels, Carlsberg, Chicago and Philadelphia.) There were pieces of blue glazed canopic jars, and of plain glazed and wooden ushabtis.

Almost certainly from this tomb were blocks (pl. lxx) re-used a t the north-east edge of hill A, in tomb 273. The title "royal messenger" is on block 2, and on pillar-face 2 ; the title " great chief of archers" is on block 3 and pillar-face g; the title "head chief of messengers of his majesty" is on block 5 and pillar-face 10; and the name ended with a reed-leaf on block 2, which would agree with the name Sety. The work of the faces here has a mechanical grace, descended from the beauty of the previous dynasty.

49. Another large tomb, 33, was that of Pa-hen- neter, with the stele pl. lxviii; this represents the man and his wife Thy, " his sister, his beloved, in his heart," offering to Herakhti-Tum and to Osiris; also him, and his mother Bu5y&, offering to Hershefi and to Amen. His titles were master of the cavalry and over the archers; his son was the charioteer Nefer. On the edges, the servants have added their names, headed by the artist, "scribe engraver," Yehu-nBmB; this seems to be a Hebrew name Yehu-nam, or " Yehu speaks "; just the converse of the familiar phrase "Saith the Lord." The strong h in hu is found in other instances of compounds, as equivalent to the Semitic he. (Chicago.)

In this tomb was the sarcophagus of black granite Iv, 21, the inscriptions of which are in pl. lvi. I t is plain that the name of Pa-hen-neter has been put over an erasure; in one place the original name remains, Pasar, in another place part of the original title er seinyt "to (all) lands." This agrees with the titles of Pasar, who was a follower of the king to all lands, under Amen- hetep 11, a date which would well agree with the style of the sarcophagus. A s he was buried at Qurneh, this must have been stolen and traded down to Herakleopolis. (Philadelphia.) This is per- haps the same person as Pasar named on a cone (Season xxii, 41).

The ushabtis of this tomb were very varied. There were a few finely glazed, brown on white, lxxviii, 28, or blue-green, 29 (U. C.), with the inscription for " the charioteer Pa-neter-hen " ; also an immense quantity of pottery ushabtis of all degrees of cheapness, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, A few

28 T H E NINETEENTH DYNASTY

were for other persons, a s 30 for Fa-her-pedtiu, and 34 for Thy the wife. There were also lids of pottery canopic jars, 40, 41, with a bronze lance 39 ; and on pl. xv wooden figures of the sons of Horus 25, 26, an alabaster kohl tube 27, and a limestone lid, 28. On pl. lix, is a pan, I, found here, and a foreign jar, 2, painted with dull purple bands on drabbish white.

Other ushabtis on pl. lxxviii that may be noted here, are the pottery figure 43 with a spirited sketch of hoeing and sowing, on the back: five figures from tomb 261, 44 to 48 with different names; and a few others that are fairly legible. With 50, grave 106, was found the blue glazed figure of a sleeping dog, placed above it.

The cartonnage fig. 54, grave 601, is obviously copied from a gold breast-plate inlaid with cut stones. The open spaces between the figures are barred across with bands inlaid with blue and red; the whole ground is yellow. This cartonnage shows what gorgeous gold breast-plates the mummies of the nobles had upon them, and explains why a war was carried on to recover such a treasure (Student's History, iii, 321).

A lintel, lxx, I, from tomb 56 has the formula " give an offering," without the usual royal prefix.

50. The greatest work under Ramessu I1 was the tomb of Rahetep and Pa-ra-hetep the veziers, which was worked entirely by Major Hynes. This was on the highest part of the cemetery, over- looking both the Nile and Fayum, grave 201, a t the north end of cemetery B. I t was very rudely excavated below, with eight chambers branching in different directions, see pl. Ixxxiv. There were two shafts of access, marked A and B. The levels of roof and floor are all stated in inches below the ground surface. Going down the western shaft A, at 180, a passage is reached leading into the general group of chambers, a t 225 floor. This however was not large enough for the great granite sarcophagi, so a large shaft passed down into the main hall, and on through the floor to 481 level, and thence descended westward, in a slope, to the sarcophagi at 543 level, just beneath the floor of the lesser entrance shaft, which is twenty-five feet higher up. The broken outline shows the extent of this lower excavation.

51. The two sarcophagi of red granite are sunk in the floor of the chamber side by side, the southern of Rahetep, the northern of Pa-ra-hetep. Only five or seven inches separated the sarcophagi, and there

was much the same space around them. I t was therefore impossible to see the sculpture of the outsides, which are described as well polished and cut. The paper squeeze could only be made by hand-pressure in the narrow space. There are therefore some gaps in parts of the copy, which has been inked in directly on the squeeze. The sarcophagus of Rahetep is almost complete; that of Pa-ra-hetep is so much broken up and destroyed that no copy could be taken.

The vertical line, pl. lxxv, down the middle of the lid reads " words spoken by the Osiris, vezier, Rahetep, deceased; 0 [my] mother Nut, who spreads wings above me.. . the never setting stars. Do not (?) , . . for the Osiris, vezier, Rahetep, deceased." Along the right side of the sarcophagus is (A) Thoth standing, " Words spoken by Thoth.

Lives R a , dies the tortoise. Well is he who is in the coffin, he who is in the coffin, the Osiris, ruler of the city, Rahetep, deceased."' Next is (B) Anubis standing. "The Osiris, vezier, Rahetep, deceased, I come with thy amulets.. . he rests upon his. . . the Osiris, ruler of the city, vezier, Rahetep, deceased." Next (C) Anubis standing 'l .. . Rahetep, lord of devotion [I come] with thy amulets, numerous (3) for thee, [thy] limbs, Osiris, vezier, Rahetep, deceased." The next figure is effaced. " . . . Rahetep, deceased. [I come] with [thy] amulets . . ., Osiris, [vezier], Rahetep, deceased," Next (D) is the gateway, with uzat eyes above it, to give the dead the power of going out and of seeing. Lastly "Words spoken b y Thoth. ' Lives Ra, dies the tortoise. Is open the tomb.. ., Osiris, ruler of the city, Rahetep, deceased.'"

On the other side of the sarcophagus it begins "Words spoken by Thoth. 'Lives Ra, dies the tortoise: well is he who is in the coffin, he who is in the coffin, the Osiris, Rahetep, deceased."' Next (E) is the Anubis jackal on a portal. "Hapy, [to] the Osiris, vezier, Rahetep. I come to thee, [and I] smite for thee thy enemy (?), Osiris, ruler of the city, Rahetep, deceased," with (F) the figure of Hapy. "The Osiris, ruler of the city, Rahetep, deceased, [says] I come to thee, I am placed upon thy throne for ever, Osiris, Rahetep, deceased," with (G) the figure of Duat-mutef. " Osiris, ruler of the city, vezier, Rahetep, deceased, I come . . . thy amulets.. ., Osiris, ruler of the city, vezier, Ra[hetep], deceased," with (H) the figure of Qebh- senuf. " Osiris, ruler of the city, vezier, Rahetep, deceased, Lives Ra, dies the tortoise, well is he

RAHETEP AND PARAHETEP TOMB 29

who is in the coffin, the Osiris, Rahetep, deceased, lord of devotion l ' ; a figure (J) of Thoth closes the series.

At the feet was a figure of Nebhat, "Words spoken by Nebhat, 'I come unto thee, Osiris, Divine Father (of Ptah) a t the temple, Divine Father, [Ralhetep, deceased, giving a funeral dwelling (?).'" On either side is the zed and tlzet.

At the head is the figure of Isis. "The words spoken by Isis, 'I [come]. . . dwelling for the divine father of Ptah, ruler of the city, vezier, Rahetep, deceased.' "

Above these are two fragments, probably from the sarcophagus of Pa-ra-hetep. The first appears to read " unto the temple of Hesa, prince of Amentet" ; this throws light on Hesa being a duplicate of Osiris, see LANZONE, Diz. Mit. 850 where Hesa is only stated to be an early god of unknown function. Another fragment refers perhaps to Hesa again, "prince of Amentet." Lastly there is the inscription on the base of a statue of Rahetep, "Offering given to Hathor, lady of Amt res, mistress of the western land; and given to Anup uti in his temple." Amt res, the southern sycomore, is doubtless equi- valent to Amt khent, Herakleopolis, in contrast to the northern sycomore of the IIIrd nome.

52. In the chamber of the sarcophagi lay the granite altar of offerings, lxxi, 6, in the south corner; the basalt stele, lxxi, 4, was a t the entrance to this chamber. Here also lay the base of a pair of hard limestone figures, lvi, 3, 4, 5. Another base and a pectoral of wood lay in the north-west chamber. I t is evident that the whole place had been so ravaged that none of the moveable objects are in their original positions; and it was so easy to throw blocks down the great shaft, when destroying the chapel on the surface, that no conclusions can be drawn from positions. The objects will be described here, therefore, in the order of the plates. The wide scattering of pieces of the tomb-chapel and statues, makes it impossible to identify the source of all the loose blocks, and they are there- fore all described together.

XXII. r 6-24. Fragments of limestone columns, found widely scattered; no. 24 has the name of Rahetep, and the other blocks, being of similar work, are doubtless all from his tomb-chapel. The diameters of the columns are, no. 18, 17.4 inches; no. 20, 20'6 inches; no. 21, 22I/, inches; no. 22, about 20 inches; base of no. 24, 19'1, inches. There are thus certainly three sizes, implying as many different positions of columnar work.

53. LVI. I. Part of figure of an unknown vezier, from a scene of purification.

2. Upper part of a figure of a vezier Tehutimes; this was from the tomb of Rahetep, yet this vezier was of the time of Amenhetep 11; there may be a tomb of that reign close by, or this vezier may have been an ancestor commemorated by Rahetep, or this may be a later vezier Tehutmes, who has been supposed to belong to the X X t h dynasty (WEIL, Veziere 45, p. I 19).

3. Inscription down the front of a hard limestone figure of a vezier (see the two scarf ends), with the arm of the wife joining a t the right side.

Above is 4, the offering formula (without nesut) to Hathor and Seker, and (5) on the base the ends of names, that of the vezier . . .my, and of the wife . . .ry. The group was 28 inches wide and the base 14 inches thick. (Reburied.) The sarcophagus, 6, on this plate, has been already noted under Pa-hen-neter, sect. 49.

LXXI . I . Side of an alabaster altar, with legs of lions in relief. This is the latter stage of an altar like the alabaster libation-tables found near the Step-pyramid (Cairo Museum, 63-4). The purpose of this block is evident, a s on the front of it there was drawn a list of offerings, the cutting of which had been slightly begun and then abandoned. The white patches all over the surface are due to the hammer dressing not having been polished away. (Cairo; and another, imperfect, reburied.)

54. 2. Limestone lintel of Rahetep, found broken in the great tomb, 216, about 150 feet from tomb 201;

A t each end is a figure of Rahetep, kneeling in adoration of the cartouches of Ramessu I1 in the middle. The inscriptions of adoration are by " the heir, the prince, the keeper of Nekhen, priest of Maot, ruler of the city, vezier, Rahetep, of the palace of Ramessu mery Amen, the great ka of the Hor-akhti." This adulation of the king is repeated on lxxii, 3. The great stele, 4, is noted under the copy, pl. Ixxiii, and the altar, 6, is on pl. Ixxii.

LXXII. I. A fragment of the vezier's titles. 2. Part of a scene of Thoth introducing Rahetep

before Osiris in a shrine, with the four children of Horus in front of him. "Words spoken by Tehuti, lord of divine speech for the ruler of the city, vezier, Rahetep."

3. Jamb of a doorway of the tomb of Nebhetep, with mention of Rahetep by "the servant of the palace of Ramessu mery Amen, the great ka of the Hor-gkhti, Nebhetep, justified in peace." This is the same adulation of the king as on lxxi, 2.

30 T H E NINETEENTH DYNASTY

The position of Nebhetep is further seen from his stele lxxvi, 4.

4. Red granite altar of Rahetep. Here again the hetep leads the formula, although nesut follows it. "May an offering of the king be given to Osiris Khent-amenti" and to "Anup amiut," of the usual benefits for "the ruler of the city, vezier, judge, Rahetep " : see lxxi, 6.

5 , 6. Fragments of two steles ; 6 possibly a lower part of 5, but lines rather wider. On 5 I' Set, great and mighty, son of Nut" shows that this belongs to the XIXth dynasty. 6 begins with a speech by the king, "praise thou the kas of Hor-akhti," and names Isis great in magic.

55. LXXIII. This was the family stele, of basalt, unfortunately deficient down one side. A t the top is the vezier Pa-ra-hetep, followed by the royal messenger Hatiaay. In the middle line Pa-ra-hetep is with the prophet of Osiris, Thay. A t the base Pa-ra-hetep is followed by the chief of the archers Apuaa. Whether these followers were relatives is not stated ; the first and third appear on the granite shrine Ixxiv, and the second on a libation cup, lxxxiv. The gods are Memphite at the top, Nefertum Bastet (Sekhmet) and Ptah; in the middle are Ra-akhti, Maot, Hathor, Hotus and Osiris; a t the base are Hersheftu, Hathor, Mehyt of Edfu and Anhur (?).

56. LXXIV. The granite shrine, of which one side and the back remain, had a figure of one of the veziers standing in it. On the side, I, is Rahetep; but on the front edge, 3, the name is merely Hetep.

I has the adoration of Osiris at the top. Below that is Hathor of the southern sycomore adored by the vezier Rahetep, and the chief of the archers ApuaB. A t the base, Hathor is adored by a priestess, " chief of the priestly order Huy (?)," another priestess Merti, a woman MoaBny (Lb. Dict. 895), and a priestess .... y,

2. The back of the shrine has the adorers com- pleting the groups on the two sides. For the side just noticed, there are two a t the top, nameless. In the middle, the keepers of the stables Tay and Hora. At the base, the priestesses Tar (?) and "his sister Auy." Down the middle are the wishes that Rahetep should be like " Horus the prince, becoming as a god, without enemies of thine in thy palace of right and rule."

3. The remaining edges of the front give some titles, "great one making laws for the people of the land unto its limits, chief of the chiefs"; and

"ruler of the city, vezier, Hetep." The " chiefs" were the southern court of thirty.

4. A t the feet are two subordinates, one of whom was "chief prophet of Horus lord of Khes, named Meryra, justified in peace."

5. Four priestesses before a goddess: the only portion of the other side of the shrine. This shrine is broken in three pieces, and a large part is missing; as it weighs more than half a ton, it was reburied.

LXXV. The sarcophagus has been described in the account of the tomb.

57. LXXVI. I. This inscription is on the back of the feet of a lesser granite figure. " Commander

of all priests, divine father in the temple of

Ptah, ruler of the city, vezier, Rahetep of the house of Ramessu. . . . fan bearer on the right hand of the king," and repeated titles.

2. Fragment of inscription, on the top of a small limestone shrine.

3. Figure of "Pa-ra-hetep, justified, of the fortress of Rarnessu," holding his staff of office.

4. Stele of Nebuhetep. Scene of Rahetep adoring Osiris, and the four sons of Horus on the lotus. Below "Adoration to thy ka Osiris lord of the west, the great god, the excellent god, prince of eternity. May he give bread, breath and water to the Osiris Nebuhetep, justified in peace. May the king give an offering and Osiris Khenti, lord of heaven, for the ka of Tem-hetep and purification of the ka of the Osiris, ruler of the city, vezier, Rahetep. The great god in his throne listen to the uab priest, reciter, Nebuhetep, justified," above a figure of the speaker, kneeling. This was found broken in two parts, in different tombs, the top in 56, the base in 60, cemetery B.

The smaller objects of Rahetep's tomb are on pl. lxxxiv. D is the inscription on a green glazed libation vase, " The devoted to Horus of Hipponon (B.D.G. 700) the third prophet of Osiris, the Osiris T h i y . . . make strong of flesh possessing both lands in thy burial Osiris ThLy."

E. F. Parts of canopic jars of alabaster for Pa- ra-hetep were in the tomb ; perhaps F, of a different text, was for Rahetep. There were many large broken ushabtis of coarsely glazed pottery, so rough and so much stained that no clear photo- graph could be taken. The name of Pa-ra-hetep is legible on the largest. One is of limestone, much flaked; another of glaze has the long robe and sleeves, with the hands down toward the knees.

LARGE CRATER TOMBS 3 I

In tomb 240, there was found an ebony girdle tie of Isis, thet, inscribed for "the Osiris, ruler of the city, vezier, Pa-ra-hetep."

58. The named objects from this tomb, in the order of this description, are

Pa-ra-hetep. 5 I, sarcophagus ; 55, basalt stele ; 57, relief figure; 57, canopic jar; 57, ushabti; 57, tlzet tie.

Rahetep. 5 I, sarcophagus; 51, base of statue; 52, limestone columns; 54, lintel; 54, scene with Thoth and Osiris; 54, jamb of Nebhetep; 54, granite altar; 56, granite shrine; 57, base of statue; 57, Nebuhetep stele.

There has been a supposition that these two veziers were only names for one person (Rec. xxxii, 35). They are, however, neatly separated on one statue; on one side is the address by Rahetep; a t the end of that, "The vezier Pa-ra-hetep, who is as a god, says," and there follows the address by Pa-ra-hetep on the other side. He is thus distinctly among the gods, and the address is posthumous piety,-prayers b y the dead (Abydos 11, 45 ; pl. xxxvii).

This great family, including the high-priest of Osiris Unnefer, has been partly set out in the Student's History 11, go. There is much fresh material, and it is so complicated by repetitions of names that a complete working out of the genealogies from all sources is now required. The basalt stele was kept at Cairo Museum, but all the other objects of tomb 201 which were removed, are at Chicago.

CHAPTER IX T H E N I N E T E E N T H DYNASTY.

By GUY BRUNTON.

59. OF the XIXth dynasty were the two huge pits which formed the nucleus of our camp. Each took many days and a large number of men to clear, but the results were disappointing. These pits are not on the detailed plans as they lie between the cemeteries B, C and E,

Their size was chiefly due to the edges having fallen in continually, in the past, thus forming large craters. The shaft of 1955, over 24 feet deep, led into a large room on the north, or rather north- west (actual bearing 340°). Out of this, on the north, opened two smaller rooms, with floors a t a rather higher level. In the south-east corner was a trench, roughly cut, about 70 X IIO inches, and

4 feet deep, containing the white limestone sarco- phagus, inscribed for the ha-prince Menna of Henen- nysut. The two coffins had been of wood, painted black, inscribed in yellow, but the whole burial had been burnt, and but little remained. All that the robbers had left were a few of the blue glass drop beads, well known at this time, and some pieces of the painted gods from an openwork cartonnage. Very little remained in the room, and what there was included rubbish left by the tomb-makers and undertakers. There were two wooden ushabtis, black with yellow hieroglyphs, unreadable; part of a red sandstone ushabti of Kha-em-uas (pl. lxvi, 14); seven sticks of various lengths, some bound with rush (from furniture?); and several scraps of painted wood. From here also came a large jar containing pitch (pl. lxv, 49 D) inscribed on the shoulder in hieratic (pl. lxvi, 16); a broken pot containing plaster; a few sherds; two rough tool-handles ; a little broom of bound twigs; and much broken limestone.

Between the sarcophagus and the east wall, how- ever, we found the toilet basket, which had escaped the eyes of the robbers. This was rectangular and made of reeds, with a separate lining of papyrus; both baskets had lids. Inside were five divisions, one across the end, with the remaining space divided equally into four squares. The papyrus was in a completely rotten state, and the floors had all fallen through. Division 1 contained, on the top, a little leather bag (for eye paint ?) ; four reed kohl tubes, three being faintly inscribed, and two with linen plugs; also a haematite kohl stick with bronze handle. Underneath was the fine carved cylindrical toilet box, shown in all its details on pl. lviii, 47: some of the divisions still contained traces of smeared cosmetic or unguent. Under the toilet box was the unusual wooden comb with long handle (pl. lxvi, 13), and the triangular whetstone lxvi, 15. In division 2 was the handled pot, pl. lxv, 61 K , much decayed; a bronze pin or needle wound with thread; a linen bag, and some loose anti- mony (?). Division 3 was empty, and 4 only con- tained a few kernels of some fruit or nuts. 5 had, on top, the wooden bowl with carved handle (pl. lxvi, IZ), and, beneath, the false-necked vase with tall foot (pl. lxv, 97C). Though a t first sight the carving on the toilet box suggests the end of the XVIIIth dynasty, we know such were in use in the XIXth, a s a scarab of Ramessu I1 was found with one at Ghurob. This then agrees with

5

3 2 THE NINETEENTH DYNASTY

the other objects found in the tomb, and we may infer that the false-necked vases with tall foot are a late development of that class of perfume jar. A ushabti with the name of the ha-prince Menna was discovered a t Sedment by Prof. Naville (Ahnas, p. IZ), but he does not say where, or with what it was found. Possibly it came from the adjoining large tomb 1956, which we dug at considerable cost, only to find it empty. The plan was the same as that of 1955, but it may never have been finished, as the small rooms are incomplete, and the roof of the main chamber was much collapsed. Six wooden chisels were all that remained.

Round these two large pits were a few smaller ones of the same date, but they had been apparently worked out recently, and produced little except odds and ends. 1951 had scraps of coffin wood, painted black, with yellow hieroglyphs, two wooden ushabtis inscribed in yellow, papyrus and leather sandals, figs, d6m fruit, Cyperus rotundus and Minzusops schimperi; it also contained part of a box, a grey stone weight, part of a walking stick, an oblong basket with ridge lid containing a reed kohl tube and stick, a bilbil, and the pots 2E, 5M, 23G,, 36G, 43E, 52N, 64L. The shaft was 10 feet deep, with rooms on north and south.

1952 had a room on the north only. I n it were two anthropoid coffins. One was head east, painted black, with yellow gods, and bands of red with yellow hieroglyphs; the head striped blue and red alternating with yellow. On the left side was the eye over the doorway, and figures of a lion-headed god, two other gods, and Thoth; on the right side was the eye over the doorway, a hawk-headed god, Anpu, another god, and Thoth. Foot plain. The coffin was made for a nebt per Staui. The other coffin was head west; head black, remainder yellow, uninscribed. In the chamber was a ridge-roofed clothes-box on short legs, painted white, pl. lv, 20; the lid bore the inscriptions pl. lxvi, 17. These were studied by M. Golknischeff, but are mostly illegible. The rgth year and the 27th year are mentioned, presumably of Ramessu 11. Also in the chamber were leather sandals, d6m fruit, scraps of papyrus, a bundle of reeds, stoppers of plastered straw, little pieces of rouge, and the pots 5 S, 12 P , and 43 F, parts of a big jar, like 49D, and fragments with blue, white and black decoration.

60. In cemetery C, a few discoveries were made by Mr. Bach during April, while the main packing was going on. The tombs were all of the XIXth-

X X t h dynasties and had been almost completely plundered. The following are the principal points of interest.

2010. Shaft 175 inches deep, with two rooms on south, one on east, and one on north. Pieces of five pottery coffins, and openwork wooden mummy- case coated with linen and painted. Three male and two female skulls. No pottery except scraps of three false-necked vases, and a flat oblong stand painted white. Fragment of a stele, and of alabaster and limestone vessels. Pieces of dark blue glaze bowl. Pointed whet-stone. Blue glaze kohl tube, and pieces of a blue glaze rhyton (?). Scraps of multicoloured glass vase. Ivory : fragments of inlay, the fine tray in the form of lion attacking a calf (pl. xlii, IO), lid in form of fish (lxvi, 11, liv, 14), duck dish (Ixvi, 10, liv, 13). One scarab, apparently re-used, from the style (lviii, 45). One plaque of the "royal scribe and general Hora" (lviii, 46, liv, 16, 17). Piece of stool with pink straw. Casket leg. Par t of large ox horn. Many ushabtis: 30 white and yellow painted wood, with illegible inscriptions, 3 similar uninscribed: 43 black painted wood, inscribed in yellow: 37 uninscribed: 14 pottery painted yellow and black: 31 plain pottery. 5 ushabti and 6 other baskets. Parts of ushabti boxes painted black. The feet of two large wooden statues. I wooden comb. 3 wooden hair-pins carved. 2 brushes. I winnowing spoon.

2013. Shaft 185 inches deep, one room on south, two on north. No remains of coffins or bodies. Pot type 2 G, and another smaller. Scraps of painted alabaster vase. A few pale blue glass beads. A complete square linen garment, with holes for neck and arms, Wooden jackal painted black. 2 wooden implements of unknown use.

2014. Shaft 160 inches deep, four rooms on north, two on south. Hand, holding girdle tie, wood, painted black and yellow from coffin. Pottery ushabti-box, decorated in black and yellow, with jackal on lid (type 999). Scraps of alabaster dish. Pieces of carved wooden head-rest. 2 yellow wooden ushabtis, with black hieroglyphs, I black not inscribed.

2017. Shaft 160 inches deep, one room on north, east, and south, two on west. Painted pottery coffin. False-necked vase, scraps. Pale blue and orange glass beads, pendants and balls. Piece of wooden head-rest. Comb. Hairpin. Wooden tadpole toilet dish (lxvi, g, liv, 18). 40 ushabtis: 6 plain wood: 6 yellow, black inscriptions: 13 black, yellow inscriptions : 15 pottery with black inscriptions.

SMALLER TOMBS 3 3

2018. Shaft 182 inches deep, room on north. Wooden head-rest; wooden kohl pot (sic); I ushabti painted white and blue with black hieroglyphs.

2019. Shaft 230 inches deep, five rooms on north, one west, one begun on south. No remains of coffins or bodies. Scarab of Set-nekht (lviii, 44). Blue glaze libation jar of Ramessu I1 (lxvi, 7). Parts of a second blue glaze vase.

2020. Shaft 307 inches deep, room on north, with two loculi, rooms on east and west, room on south with two loculi, exactly similar to the north chamber. No remains of burials except bones. Alabaster vase (lxvi, g), and parts of another. Large and small blue glaze beads, one jasper seed-pod bead. Wooden hair-pin carved. Reed kohl tube. Small clay animal (donkey?). 67 ushabtis, 49 pottery, plain, inscribed

in black, I I whitewashed inscribed in black, 7 yellow painted wood, black inscriptions.

2023. Shaft 178 inches deep, chamber on north and south. Glass eye from coffin. 7 ushabtis of blue glaze, inscribed in black, I of white glaze uninscribed, fragments of 17 others of blue glaze.

2025. Shaft 205 inches deep, three rooms on north, one each east, west and south. Black coffin, with yellow decorations. Fragments of glaze pectoral. Long beads of blue and green glass. Arms and feet of two wooden figures. Two lids of wooden canopic jars, painted black. Three wooden jackals from ushabti-boxes, and three jackal heads. 13 wooden ushabtis, painted black, 35 similar, inscribed in yellow, 8 yellow inscribed in black, 8 plain, I white- washed, and 2 of pottery with black hieroglyphs.

SEDMENT A N D MAYANA

DISTRIBUTION LIST

Ab. Ash. Bex. Br . Bruss. G. Car. Char. Chic. Cop. Econ.

Aberdeen Ashmolean, Oxford Bexhill Brighton Brussels Cairo Ny Carlsberg Charleston Chicago Copenhagen London School of Economies

L IST O F ABBREVIATIONS

Ed. = Eth. =

Fitz. =

G. = Hag. = Hor. = Ip. =

J. = Man. = Mel. =

Edinburgh Ethnological, Cambridge Fitzwilliam, Cambridge Glasgow The Hague Horniman Ipswich Johannesburg Manchester Melbourne

52 Eth., Br. 121 Br. 224 Ab. 3 Ash. 3 Chic., Hor. 7 Mel. 6 Char. 131 Ip.,Mel.,Man., 8 Mel. 7 Mel. Eth., Sun. 234 Hor. S G. 2 U. C., Sh., 5 Chic. g R., Ash. Ash. 6 R.

67 Ash. 4 15 Museums. 7 Fitz. 71 Ed. 5 Hor. g U. C.

2 Man. 6 Car., U. C. 241 Read. 81 Ed. 7 Ash., Chic. 2 Sh. 7 G. 8 Br. 3 Read.

92 Ab. g Ash., Fitz., 4 R. 4 U. C. Man., U. C. 5 G. 5 R. 165 Hor. 6 Man. g G., Bex. 201 Chic. 8 Ab.

IOO Br. 204 Eth. g Fitz. 2 Syd. 5 Eth. 251 Man. 6 G. 214 Char. 3 Br. 7 Bex. 6 R. 4 Ph.

I I O Syd. g Sh. 5 S Y ~ . 3 Mel. 220 Ab. 6 R. 4 Eth., Sun., R. I Bex. 7 Man. g Ash. 3 R. 8 Char.

Mich. = Ph. = R. =

Read. = Sh. = Sun. = Syd. = U. C. =

Up. =

259 Bex. 260 Ph., Man.

I Ed. 2 Ab.

263 Ph., Ash. 4 Ash. 5 Sh. 6 G. 7 R. S Sh. g Hor.

270 Chic. I Hag. 2 Mel. 3 Fitz., Sun.,

Man. 4 Car. 5 Ed. 6~ U. C. 7 Eth., Man. 8 Bex.

280 Ip., Man. I Cop.

Michigan Philadelphia Rochdale Reading Sherborne Sunderland Sydney University College, London Upsala

282 Man. 3 Ed. 4 IP. 6 Eth.

292 Man. 3 Man. 7 U. C. 8 U. C.

307 Ash. 310 Bruss.

4 Hag. 5 Syd- 6 Bex. 8 U. C.

320 Ash. 6 Fitz. 8 Ed.

332 Hor. 5 Ab., Man. 6 Ash.

360 G. 374 Bruss.

8 u p .

DISTRIBUTION LIST

383 U. C. 390 Man.

g Man. 406 Ed. 413 Mel., Syd. 5 Ip., Man. g Mich.

421 U. c. 501 G. 4 G. 6 Man. 7 U. C. 8 Ab. g Car.

514 Syd. 5 Man. 7 Man. 8 Man.

520 Man. I Chic. 2 Mel. 4 Ed. 6 Sh.

534 Bruss. 6 U. C., Cop. 7 Char. 8 Read.

550 Mel. 9 G.

560 Ph. 2 Man. 5 S Y ~ .

574 U. C., Man. 8 Ip. 9 COP.

589 IP. 593 Sh. 4 Man. g Man.

600 Man. 4 Ash. 6 Ed.

613 Chic. 4 Ed. 7 Char.

624 Ip. 6 Char.

630 U. C. 640 Mel. 6 Sh. g Mich.

656 Sh. g Econ.

665 Hor. 684 U. C. 5 G-

706 Mel. 902 Bex. 3 U. C. 7 Mel. 8 U. C. 9 R.

g10 Ph. 952 U. c. 5 Hor.

989 Sun. 1002 Man.

q Man. 7 Sun. 8 U. C.

1013 Br. 1026 Man. 1201 Man.

2 Man. 4 Ed.

1213 Syd. 4 Man. 5 Ed.

1224 Man. 6 Man. 8 Ab.

1231 Mel. 1253 Man.

5 Man. 6 Syd. 7 Man.

1262 C., Ash. 4 Mel. 5 Ab. 8 Ed.

1270 Ash. 2 Mel. 3 Ed. 6 Ed. 7 Eth. 8 Mel. g Ash.

1281 Syd. 7 Eth. 8 U. C. g Ash.

1290 Man.

1291 Sh. 2 Man. 4 Bex. 5 Ed. 8 Mel. g Read.

1300 U. c. I Mel. 6 Ed. 7 Bex. 8 U. C.

1314 Ed. 5 Ed. 7 Eth.

1324 Bex. 1354 U. C.

6 R. 7 R. 8 Sun. g Bex.

1365 U. C. 1371 Ph.

2 Sun. 3 Bex. 4 Sun. 6 Mel., Eth.

I502 R. I512 U. C. I522 Eth, 1525 Man.

6 Ash. 8 G.

1536 Eth. 7 Bruss. 8 Eth.

I542 U. c. 4 Eth. 7 Eth. g Bruss.

1553 Sh. 1560 Man.

5 Ed. 8 Ash. g Sh.

I570 IP. I Chic. 2 Ip.

1580 G. 2 Fitz. 4 Ash. 6 Mich.

1587 Hag. 8 Ed.

1591 Eth. 2 Fitz. 3 Sun. 5 Man. 8 Chic. g Eth.

1602 Ash. 5 Br. 6 R. 7 Syd. 8 U. C. g Ed.

1610 Hor. I Ash. 2 Eth. 3 G. 5 Eth. 7 Ash. g Ed.

1622 Ip. 6 Eth. 7 Syd.

1630 Br. I Sun. 3 Ab. g Ash.

1640 Man. I Bruss. 6 Char. g Bruss.

1650 Bex. 1666 Syd. 1674 Syd.

5 Chic. 7 Man. 8 Ip.

1680 U. C. g Eth.

1693 Syd. I700 Ip. 1711 Sun.

5 Eth. 6 G. 8 Bruss.

1720 U. C. 2 Ed. 3 Fitz. 5 Ed. 7 Hag.

1728 Ph. g U. C.

1730 Ed. 6 Eth. 7 Syd. g Sh.

1804 R. 5 Ash., U. C. 6 Mel.

1810 Man. I Ash. 9 J.

1845 U. C. 1850 Hor. 1951 Cop.

2 Chic. 5 C., Ab.

2002 Hor. 5 Man. 8 G.

2010 C., Ph. I Man., Syd. 2 Hor. 3 R., U. C. 4 Bex. 6 Sun. 7 Ash. 8 Sh. g R., U. C.

2020 Man. I Man. 2 Br., Fitz,,

Man. 3 Fitz., Hag. 5 Hor. 6 Ab. 7 Sun.

2030 Man. I Hor. 2 Sh. 3 Eth.

2100 R. I Hor. 2 U. C. 5 Chic. 6 Car., Up. 7 UP. 8 Ash.

2111 Ph. 2 Ed. 4 Ash.

sa*

DISTRIBUTION LIST

2115 Syd. g Sun.

2120 Man. I Read.

2122 U.C. 2129 Sun. 3 Mich. 2131 U. c. 5 U. C. 2 U. C. 7 Car.,Cop.,U.C. 7 U.C.

Cem. 1000 Baskets Eth. Shell Hor. Alabaster Mel.

Cem. 2100 Alabaster Syd. Bread Man.

do. Ash. Scarab Ph.

2151 G. 225 IA Mel. 2 Man. 2253 Ph.

2200 R. 2250~ Man.

Cem. 2100 2 Scarabs Man. Head-rest Mel.

do. Ab. do. Chic. do. Ash.

Cem. 1900 Scarab Man.

I N D E X

SEDMENT I, pages 1-21, plates I-XLVII

SEDMENT 11, pages 23-33, plates XLVIII-XC

Ages represented in statuettes, 2

Alabaster figure vase, 18 vases, XVIth dynasty, 18

Altar of alabaster, 29 granite, 30

Amen-em-hat stele, 24 Amenhetep I plaque, 23

scarab, 23 Amenhetep I11 boat on stele, 24

group of, 25 Amenhetep, family stele of, 24 Amen-mes on stele, 24 Amulets, Xth dynasty, 6 An-onkh, 5 Aohmes on stele, 24 Ape and kohl tube, 21, 23 Apuaa on stele, 30 Apuy ushabtis, 26 Arurne ushabti, 27 Au ushabti, 27 Auta on stele, 24 Auy on shrine, 30 Axe handle, 17 A y jar sealing, 26

Bach, Mr. Henri, I, g, 32 Bahsamun, 21

Bakt-per-shenut, 26 Baskets in coffin, 24

tomb, 31 Beads amethyst and carnelian, 16, 20,

glass, 16, 20

sewn on linen, 16 shell, 19

Bead strings wound on bodies, 19 Behuru ushabtis, 27 Bes head vase, 25

ivory figure, 18 Birds, ivory inlays, 19 Boat models, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 Bodies, direction of, 5, 15 Body raised on sticks, 16, 17, 19 Bones, red, 17, I 8 Book of the Dead papyrus, 27 Bows and arrows, 7 Box inscribed in hieratic, 32 Bricks, 19 Broome, Miss Myrtle, g Brunton, Mr. and Mrs., I, 5, 9 Buaya on stele, a7

Canopic jars, 26, 30 Cartonnage copied from gold work, 28

earliest, 5 head pieces, 6, 10, I I, 12, 15

Caskets in coffin, 24 Cemetery of 1st-IIIrd dynasties, 2, g, 14

VIth dynasty, 3-4 IXth dynasty, 5-13 IXth dynasty, Mayana, 14-15 XVIth dynasty, Mayana, I 6-2 I

XVIIIth dynasty, 23-26 XIXth dynasty, 27-33

Coffin cut in block, 23 23 of Ra-mery-ha-shetef, 3

of bricks, 16 ridge roof, 24, 26 stolen and re-used, 27

INDEX

Coffins of IXth dynasty, 5, 10-16 Collars of beads, 6, I I, 15 Copper bowls unaltered, 2

hoe, 8, 16 tie and armlets, 2

Crumb beads, 6 Cyperus roots in graves, 18

Diorite bowls, 2

Doll, clay, 16 Duck bowl of wood, 18 Dudufi tomb, 10, I 2

Earring, gold, 24 silver, 23

Eye uzat, glass, 6 Eyes on coffins, 10

Figure vase, alabaster, 18 red pottery, 23

Fish, gold, 26 Fishing boat and net, 7 Frog of IXth dynasty, 13

Game board series, 7, 12

Garnet beads, 19, 23 Girl carrying tray, 25

swimming with box, 2+

Glass amulets, Xth dynasty, 6 beads, 16 figures impressed, 26 of XVIth dynasty?, 19

Granite sarcophagi, 28 Greek vase, prehistoric, 23

Handle of coffin lid sawn off, 10

Handwork on chair legs, 25 Hathor, chantress, 26 Hatiaay on stele, 30 Ha-ur-em-sekhtu, 5 Head rest of alabaster, 2, 3 Henty, 5 Herakleopolis, early settlement, I

founded b y Libyans, I

Henen-nesut, I

Heremheb jar, 25 Her-ka on stele, 25 Hershefdada ushabtis, 27 Hes vase model, 8 Hipponon, Horus of, 30 Hoe of copper, 8, 16

Hora on shrine, 30 Hora, general, 32 Huy on shrine, 30 Hynes, Major, I, 3, 28

Isis, daughter of Amenemhat, 25 Ivory figure of Bes, 18

inlay of birds, 19 scoop carved, 18

Kha-em-uas ushabti, 3 I Khenty-khety coffin, 5, I I

figures, 7 Kherp carried by head of clan, 3 Khes, city, 30 Khety-ankh coffin, I 3 Khnum-em-heb ushabtis, 27 Kho-em-apt, canopic jar, 26

Lahun, group from, 23 Lance heads, model, 21

Leather pillows, 17, 18, 19 Linen garment, complete, 32 Lion and calf on tray, 32 Loaves offered, 13 Lucas, Mr. A., 17

Maa ushabtis, 27 Maket, 24, 25 Mallet, 8 Masks of cartonnage, 6, 10, 11, 12, 15

earliest, 5 Mayana cemetery, I, 14-21 Meals divided in offerings, 4 Men-kheper, scribe, 23, 26 Menna, prince, 32 Mertetes figure, 7, 12

Merti on shrine, 30 Meryra on shrine, 30 Meydum pottery, g Eller, Mr. Eustace, I

Min-mes kneeling figure, 24 Mirror, earliest, Syrian?, 2

IXth dynasty, 6 Moaany on shrine, 30 Monkey kohl tube, 21, 23 Moy neck-bead, 26

on stele, 24

Neb-em-kemt stele, 24 Neb-em-suhet figure, 4, 14

INDEX

Nebhetep stele, 29, 30 Neb-ka-ra scarab, 17, 20

Neb-nekhtu on stele, 24 Nefer on stele, 27 Nefer-hent on stele, 24 Neferesigns on head band, 25 Neilson, Mr.Montgomerie, I, g, 11, 14, 16, 19, 20

Neit-nebt, 5 Nekht-kaua coffin, 5, 12

figures, 7 Nenna, tomb of, 4, 15 Nubian pottery, g Nude figures before the gods, 3

Offerings, list of, 3, 4 painted, 5, 12

trays of, 8 Oils, names of, 4 Osiris relics at Herakleopolis, I

Pa-hen-neter stele, 27 Pa-her-pedtiu ushabti, 28 Papyrus with gilding, 27 Pa-ra-hetep tomb, 28-3 I

Pasar coffin, 27 Pectoral, circular, inlaid, 6, 11, 15

glazed, 26 Petrie, Mrs., I, 3

. Pillars of Sety, 27 Pillows of leather, 17, 18, 19 Pipes, musical, 24 Pits without burials, 21

Plummet rod, 7, 8 Porters with sedan chair, 7 Pottery, box, painted, 10

classification of, 8 foreign, 20, 25, 28 foreign sources, 20

Syrian, 18, 20, 24 XVIth dynasty, 19

Ptah circulating eternally, 27 Ptah-ne-za on stele, 24 Pyramid texts in Book of the Dead,

Ra-hetep tomb, 28-3 I

Ra-mery-ha-shetef tomb, 2, 3 Rames tomb, pectoral, 26 Ramessu I1 jar, 32

scarab, 31 Ramessu I11 scarab, P I

Reed pipes, 24

Resin balls, 12

Roman graves, 21

Saben on stele, 25 Sandals, 6 Sanebtef on stele, 24 Sat-thiri on stele, 24 Scarabs of IXth-Xth dynasties, 5, 8, 11, 13

XVIth dynasty, 20

XVIIIth dynasty, 23, 25 worn by men, 8, 19

women, 8, 23 Scribe figure amulet, 13 Seal with early writing, 8 Sealing on basket, 17, 18 S,ebek-mes on stele, 25 Sedment position, I

Sen-nefer on stele, 24 position, I

Servant figures, VIth dynasty, 3, 4 IXth-Xth dynasties, 6, 7, 10-13

Set-nekht scarab, 33 Sety messenger, tomb, 27 Shabtis, 27, 28, 30 Sherit-ra on stele, 24 Silver flies, 23 Skin, sheep's, 17, 18 Square, mason's, 7, 8 Stairway tombs, 2

Statuettes, 3, 6 Staui, coffin of, 32 Stone vases of 1st dynasty, 2

Swimming girl with box, 24

Taiy on stele, 24 Ta-pa-ser on stele, 25 Tar? on shrine, 30 T a y on shrine, 30 Tazarti coffin, 23

pottery, 26 Tehutmes I11 group, 24, 26

palette, 23 Tehutmes vezier, 29 Tem-ry on stele, 24 Thay on stele, 30

vase, 30 Thiy ushabtis, 27 Thy on stele, 27

ushabti, 28 Tie for head, copper, 2

Tip cat and ball, 7

Toilet boxes, 23, 25, 31 Tools, model, 7, 10, 11, 13 Tray, wooden, under body, 2

Trays of offerings, 8

Uazet-hetep coffin, 5, 10, 11

figures, 7 tomb, 10

Ushabtis, 27, 28, 30

Tomb

3 3

56 59 99

106 131 I 32 133

134 136 138 20 I

216 2 3 36

3 7 45 46 5 3 5 4 60 6 I 6 3 67 70 73 74 2, 76 7 6 ~ 8 o 83

3 10

I4 I5

406

Ushabtis, number of, 27

W i g curler, 8 Winnowing board, 4 Wool, yellow, 17

Yehu-nama on stele, 27 Ykhy on stele, 25 Yu.. . on stele, 25

I N D E X O F T O M B S

Tomb Tomb

INDEX

Tomb T o m b T o m b