petronastowers cessar pelli

7/28/2019 Petronastowers Cessar Pelli

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DD 203- Skyscraper


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Architect

Cesar Pelli and Associates

Client:

Kuala Lampur City Center Holding Sdn Bhd

Date of Completion- 1997

Height

Antenna spire 451.9 m (1,483 ft)

Roof 378.6 m (1,242 ft)

Top floor 375 m (1,230 ft)Technical details

Floor count 88

Floor area 395,000m

2(4,252,000 sq ft)

Elevator count 78


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Structural System(for gravity and lateral loads):

-Structural system consists with75-by-75 foot concrete cores and an outerring of widely-spaced super columns.

- The core structure of each tower is composed of a ring of

sixteen cylindrical columns of high strength reinforcedconcrete.

- The columns vary in size from2.4in diameter atthe lower areas to 1.2meters in diameter at the top ,andare placed at the outside corners.

-The columns arel inked with a series of concrete corewalls and ring beams. These movement-resistant anddamper-free structures can be described as a pair ofsoft tubes. There are actually two concentric pressurized cores inThe structures, and the two cores unite at the 38th floor of each

tower.


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The foundation system of thetowers consists of a 4.5 metrethick piled raft supported on

rectangular friction piles(barrettes) varying in depthfrom 40 metres to 105metres, to control predictedsettlement under differentthicknesses of Kenny Hill

formation underlain bylimestone. Each foundationconsists of 104 barrettes(rectangular in-situ piles up to1.2 by 2.8 metres).


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(a) Empire StateBuilding(381 m)

(c) Jin MaoBuilding(421m)

(d) Sears Tower(443 m) (e) Petronas Towers(452 m)(b) World Trade Centre

(415 m) (417 m)


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High-strength concrete was used in thecentral core, perimeter columns,perimeter ring beams and outriggerbeams.

The towers and their base are clad withstainless steel extrusions and custom-made 20.38 millimetre laminated light-green glass.

The sunscreens have cast aluminiumend caps and are fixed on bracketsmade of extruded aluminium andfinished with oven-cured PVF2fluorocarbon paint.


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Type 316 stainless steel(Ferrous) wasemployed to clad the exterior of the PetronasTowers, Malaysia (and the Jin Mao Tower inChina).

Type 316 stainless steel is often used in

marine applications like for boat fittings, andalso used in the food and beverage industry.Silos, cheese vats, fruit tanks and wine tanksare also made using this type of steel.


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EN-Standard Steelno. k.h.s DIN

EN-Standard Steelname

SAE grade UNS

1.4404 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 316L S31603

1.4401 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 316 S31600

1.4406 X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 316LN S31653

1.4432 X2CrNiMo17-12-3 316L S31603

1.4435 X2CrNiMo18-14-3 316L S316031.4436 X3CrNiMo17-13-3 316 S31600

1.4571 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 316Ti S31635

1.4429 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 316LN S31653
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_numbering_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_numbering_system


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http://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.html http://www.wikipedia.org/ 2004 On site review report by Galal Abada McCormac. C. J., (1994): "Structural Steel Design", Harper Collins College

Publishers.

Owens. G. W. and Knowles. P., (1994) "Steel Designers Manual", TheSteel Construction Institute, ELBS Blackwell Scientific Publishers, London. Taranath. S. B., (1984): "Structural analysis and design of tall buildings",

McGraw-Hill Book Company Schuller. W., (1976): "High-rise building structures", John Wiley & Sons Smith. B. S., and Coull. A., (1991): "Tall building structures: Analysis and

Design", John Wiley & Sons. IS: 875 - 1987 (Parts - I to V), Indian Code of Practice for evaluating loads

excepting earthquake load. IS: 1893 - 1984, Indian Code of Practice for evaluating earthquake load.
http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7727947_type-steel-vs-type-316.html

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