pf reparations file

8/19/2019 Pf Reparations File

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West Coast Publishing Public Forum Sept Oct 2015 Starter, Reparations AfricanAmericans Page 1

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PF Topic StarterSept Oct 2015Reparations African

Americans

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West Coast Publishing Public Forum Sept Oct 2015 Starter, Reparations AfricanAmericans Page /

WST COAST '(AT

PF SPT)OCT 2015* STARTRRPARAT+O,S FOR (-AC. A/R+CA,S

Fin!ing Arguments in this Filese the table of contents on the ne(t pages to n& the e+i&ence ou nee& or the na+igationbar on the left* We ha+e trie& to ma#e the table of contents as eas to use as possible*

sing the arguments in this FileWe encourage ou to be familiar ith the e+i&ence ou use* ighlight 3un&erline4 the #elines ou ill use in the e+i&ence* Cut e+i&ence from our les, incorporate our an& othersresearch an& ma#e ne les* File the e+i&ence so that ou can easil retrie+e it hen ounee& it in &ebate roun&s* Practice rea&ing the e+i&ence out6lou&7 Practice appling the

arguments to our opponents positions7 Practice &efen&ing our e+i&ence in rebuttalspeeches*

se West Coast i!ence as a (eginningWe hope ou en-o our e+i&ence les an& n& them useful* 8n saing this, e ant to ma#ea strong statement that e ma#e hen e coach an& that e belie+e is +itall important toour success9 %O :O" S' "8S ';8%':C' AS A S


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Resole!; The nite! States

Fe!eral


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Table of Contents

W'S" COAS" %'


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'e=nitions

Reparations

'ictionar"4com* 201>, GReparation,Hhttp9II&ictionar*reference*comIbroseIreparation, Accesse& BIBI201@noun1* the ma#ing of amen&s for rong or in-ur &one9 reparation for an in-ustice*2*suall, reparations* compensation in mone, material, labor,etc*, paable b a &efeate& countr to another countr or to anin&i+i&ual for loss su?ere& &uring or as a result of ar*/* restoration to goo& con&ition*@* repair1 3 &ef B 4 *

R'RSS* 201>, R'%R'SS is a human rights organisation that helps torturesur+i+ors obtain -ustice an& reparation* R'%R'SS or#s ith sur+i+ors to helprestore their &ignit an& to ma#e torturers accountable* GWhat is reparationJ,Hhttp9II*re&ress*orgIhat6is6reparationIhat6is6reparation, Accesse& BIBI201@Reparation is a principle of la that has e(iste& for centuries, referring to theobligation of a rong&oing part to re&ress the &amage cause& to the in-ure& part*n&er international la, Kreparation must, as far as possible, ipe out all theconseLuences of the illegal act an& re6establish the situation hich oul&, in allprobabilit, ha+e e(iste& if that act ha& not been committe&*K "he right toreparation is a ell6establishe& principle of international la* "he 8nternational $aCommission arme& this principle in its 5/r& Session hen it a&opte& the &raftarticles on responsibilit of States for internationall rongful acts* "he right is alsorml embo&ie& in international human rights treaties an& &eclarati+einstruments an& has been further rene& b the -urispru&ence of a large number ofinternational an& regional courts, as ell as other treat bo&ies an& complaintsmechanisms*



http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/repairhttp://www.redress.org/what-is-reparation/what-is-reparationhttp://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/commentaries/9_6_2001.pdfhttp://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/commentaries/9_6_2001.pdfhttp://www.wcdebate.com/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/repairhttp://www.redress.org/what-is-reparation/what-is-reparationhttp://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/commentaries/9_6_2001.pdfhttp://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/commentaries/9_6_2001.pdfhttp://www.wcdebate.com/


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West Coast Publishing Public Forum Sept Oct 2015 Starter, Reparations AfricanAmericans Page B

'ric Posner* ir#lan& M 'llis Professor of $a, "he ni+ersit of Chicago, an!A&rian ermeule, Professor of $a, "he ni+ersit of Chicago, 2006,KReparations for Sla+er an& Other istorical 8n-ustices,K 10/ Columbia $a Re+ieDE, http9IIchicagounboun&*uchicago*e&uIcgiI+iecontent*cgiJarticleN2BBMconte(tN-ournalarticles, Accesse& BIBI201@

"he or& KreparationsK &oes not pic# out a natural #in&7 there are no clearconceptual boun&aries that &emarcate reparations from or&inar legal reme&ies, onthe one han&, an& other large6scale go+ernmental transfer programs, on the other*Para&igmatic e(amples of reparations or&inaril &iscusse& in the rele+ant literaturesin la, politics, an& moral theor, such as proposals for sla+er reparations, &o ten&to share certain ma-or features9 "he tpicall refer to schemes that 314 pro+i&epament 3in cash or in #in&4 to a large group of claimants, 324 on the basis ofrongs that ere substanti+el permissible un&er the pre+ailing la hencommitte&, 3/4 in hich current la bars a compulsor reme& for the past rong3b +irtue of so+ereign immunit, statutes of limitations, or similar rules4, an& 3@4 inhich the pament is -ustie& on bac#ar&6loo#ing groun&s of correcti+e -ustice,rather than forar&6loo#ing groun&s such as the &eterrence of future rong&oing*

oe+er, a i&e range of policies, programs, an& &ecisions ha+e been &escribe& asreparations, an& the +arious cases are connecte& onl b a series of familresemblances* An of the tpical features e ha+e liste& can be Luibble& ith7 emight, ithout linguistic impropriet, use the or& KreparationsK to &escribe ascheme that &ispenses ith an of them* A pament to a small group rather than alarge one, for e(ample, might ithout absur&it be &escribe& as KreparationsK if

-ustie& as reme&iation of rongs committe& un&er a pre+ious legal regime*

Reparations can ta#e man forms* For e(ample, reparations can ta#e the form ofmone, propert, apologies, an& more* Armati+es ill most li#el choose onespecic tpe of reparations to &efen&* "he sample Armati+e &efen&s monetarreparations* oe+er, the :egati+e argues against reparations in the form of

mone in fa+or of a &iscussion about reparations* GReLuiresH mo&ies GreparationsHin&icating that -ustice &eman&s reparations as an obligation* "his coul& also comein the form of se+eral -ustications 3criteria4, such as the social contract*



http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2787&context=journal_articleshttp://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2787&context=journal_articleshttp://www.wcdebate.com/http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2787&context=journal_articleshttp://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2787&context=journal_articleshttp://www.wcdebate.com/


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A?rmatie



http://www.wcdebate.com/http://www.wcdebate.com/


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A@ Case #ustice Reparations (lac Americans

Charles !* Ogletree, !r*, Professor, ar+ar& $a School, 2006, GRepairing thePast9 :e '?orts in the Reparations %ebate in America,H ar+ar& Ci+il Rights6Ci+il

$iberties $a Re+ie, +* /, pp* /1@6/15Reparations &oes not see# to replace the reat Societ but to push it toar& itsmeaningful an& ambitious goals* Reparations pro+i&e a +oice through hich thosemost acutel a?ecte& b the failure of the reat Societ 3an& those mostparticularl i&entie& b Presi&ent !ohnson4 can protest their e(clusion from thebenets of American societ that others ta#e for grante&*

Professor Charles !* Ogletree, is arguing for the re+olutionar notion of reparations*oe+er far e come as a societ, e can no longer ignore the en&uring legac ofsla+er an& the !im Cro era* For centuries,


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respect, or preser+e their on &ignit, in their social beha+ior7 secon&, the e(tent tohich the accommo&ate the self6respect of others, or preser+e the &ignit ofothers ith hom the interact*





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Obseration One; Reparations are ust

A4 Reparations are ethicall" usti=e! for multiple s"stemicmeans of oppression)ichael C* 'a&son, %epartments of o+ernment, African an& African AmericanStu&ies, ar+ar& ni+ersit an! Ro+ana Popo@ , %epartment of Political Science,ni+ersit of Chicago, 200>, GReparations9 !ustice an& ree& in ation of African nit an& others ha+eargue&, the ealth of 'urope an& :orth America as foun&e& the tra&e an&e(ploitation of Africans, their &escen&ants, an& the resources of the Africancontinent*

(4 Reparations are essential to social ustice4 We must allshare the bur!enCharles !* Ogletree, !r*, Professor, ar+ar& $a School, 2006, GRepairing thePast9 :e '?orts in the Reparations %ebate in America,H ar+ar& Ci+il Rights6Ci+il$iberties $a Re+ie, +* /, p* 2/

"he issue of race6base& reparations concerns a fun&amental issue of social -usticeas ell9 the responsibilit that the communit as a hole shoul&ers for theensla+ement of an& continuing &iscrimination against African Americans* "hegeneral moral obligation to era&icate racism from our societ reLuires coor&inate&e?orts to or# toar& correcting the chronic fragmentation along racial lines thate(ists in so much of our countr to&a* "he moral force of reparations arguments issimpl to suggest that the African American communit cannot shoul&er the bur&enof re&eeming American societ, as %r* ing put it, on our on* 8nstea&, %r* ingpersuasi+el argues that all Americans must engage as full participants in a&ialogue e(amining the cost of repairing our societ to ma#e it a t place for allciti>ens to n& their home*

C4 The fungibilit" of monetar" reparations a?rms the !ignit"of those ictimiDe!Christopher $* .utD, C* William )a(einer %istinguishe& Professor of $a an&%irector, a&ish Center for )oralit, $a an& Public A?airs at the ni+ersit of



http://www.researchgate.net/publication/231880343_REPARATIONS_Justice_and_Greed_in_Black_and_Whitehttp://www.researchgate.net/publication/231880343_REPARATIONS_Justice_and_Greed_in_Black_and_Whitehttp://www.wcdebate.com/http://www.researchgate.net/publication/231880343_REPARATIONS_Justice_and_Greed_in_Black_and_Whitehttp://www.researchgate.net/publication/231880343_REPARATIONS_Justice_and_Greed_in_Black_and_Whitehttp://www.wcdebate.com/


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California6, G!ustice in Reparations9 "he Cost of )emor an& the;alue of "al#,H Philosoph M Public A?airs, /29/, pp* 2BE620)ainl, hoe+er, hen the &amage is nonmonetar, a &eman& for monetar repairfunctions smbolicall* We are accustome& to thin#ing of cash as alienating, theantithesis of e(pressions of genuine humanit an& compassion* e&* 3$i#eise, the unpleasantness of guilt is a part of itsfunction*4 Seen in its best light, then, the claim for mone is, in part, a claim of&ignit, a belate& &eman& b +ictims that their eLualit an& humanit berecogni>e& b their in-urers*

'4 Closing the &ealth gap is essential to compensate for abrutal histor" of !iscrimination

"a6:ehisi Coates, Sta? Writer, )a 21, 201>, G"he Case for Reparations,H "heAtlantic, http9II*theatlantic*comIfeaturesI archi+eI201@I05Ithe6case6for6reparationsI/D1D/1I, Accesse& BI@I201@

"o celebrate free&om an& &emocrac hile forgetting Americas origins in a sla+ereconom is patriotism la carte* Perhaps no statistic better illustrates the en&uringlegac of our countrs shameful histor of treating blac# people as sub6citi>ens,sub6Americans, an& sub6humans than the ealth gap* Reparations oul& see# toclose this chasm*


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West Coast Publishing Public Forum Sept Oct 2015 Starter, Reparations AfricanAmericans Page 1/

F4 Slaer" neer en!e!4 (lac Americans continue toe7perience its a@ectsRan&all Robinson, the foun&er of "ransAfrica, !une , 201>, Gorric 8n-ustice)ust


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Slaer" continues to oppress (lac Americans

The s"stemic an! generational oppression of AfricanAmericans speas to the h"pocris" of America

'ric -iu, Sta? Writer, !une 2B, 201>, GWh e nee& to tal# about reparations,HC::, http9II*cnn*comI201@I0DI2BIopinionIliu6reparations6sla+erI, Accesse&BI5I201@

"o be sure, e+er ethnic group thatTs not calle& hite has e(perience& su?ering inAmerican life* , G"he Case for Reparations,H "heAtlantic, http9II*theatlantic*comIfeaturesI archi+eI201@I05Ithe6case6for6reparationsI/D1D/1I, Accesse& BI@I201@e& in 1E1* G"he ha+e been taught Christianci+ili>ation, an& to spea# the noble 'nglish language instea& of some Africangibberish* "he account is sLuare ith the e( 6sla+es*H :ot e(actl* a+ing beenensla+e& for 250 ears, blac# people ere not left to their on &e+ices* "he ereterrori>e&* 8n the %eep South, a secon& sla+er rule&* 8n the :orth, legislatures,maors, ci+ic associations, ban#s, an& citi>ens all collu&e& to pin blac# people intoghettos, here the ere o+ercro&e&, o+ercharge&, an& un&ere&ucate&*

e& them in the streets* An& the notion that blac# li+es, blac#bo&ies, an& blac# ealth ere rightful targets remaine& &eepl roote& in thebroa&er societ* :o e ha+e half6steppe& aa from our long centuries of&espoilment, promising, G:e+er again*H


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famil re+eals the countr to be not its nurturer but its &estroer* An& this&estruction &i& not en& ith sla+er* %iscriminator las -oine& the eLual bur&en ofciti>enship to uneLual &istribution of its bount* "hese las reache& their ape( inthe mi&620th centur, hen the fe&eral go+ernmentUthrough housing policiesUengineere& the ealth gap, hich remains ith us to this &a* When e thin# ofhite supremac, e picture Colore& Onl signs, but e shoul& picture pirate ags*





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Slaer" continues to oppress (lac Americans

Slaer" continues to accumulate &ealth base! on the blacbo!"

"a6:ehisi Coates, Sta? Writer, )a 21, 201>, G"he Case for Reparations,H "heAtlantic, http9II*theatlantic*comIfeaturesI archi+eI201@I05Ithe6case6for6reparationsI/D1D/1I, Accesse& BI@I201@

"he ealth accor&e& America b sla+er as not -ust in hat the sla+es pulle& fromthe lan& but in the sla+es themsel+es* G8n 1D0, sla+es as an asset ere orth morethan all of Americas manufacturing, all of the railroa&s, all of the pro&ucti+ecapacit of the nite& States put together,H the =ale historian %a+i& W*


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Reparations !o not rel" on ictimiDe! i!entities

Reparations !o not rel" on ictimiDe! i!entities4 The,egatie%s refusal to recogniDe the histor" of slae clou!s

current race !ebatesCharles !* Ogletree, !r*, Professor, ar+ar& $a School, 2006, GRepairing thePast9 :e '?orts in the Reparations %ebate in America,H ar+ar& Ci+il Rights6Ci+il$iberties $a Re+ie, +* /, p* 2/

"he failure to ac#nole&ge this histor greatl inuences the national &ebate aboutrace* 8f e refuse to consciousl confront the nations complicit in ensla+ingmillions of its sub-ects an& brutali>ing millions of its citi>ens &uring !im Cro, thene cannot engage in a conscientious &iscussion of race* "o in+o#e our nationsresponsibilit for &iscrimination is not to pla the G+ictimH car& but to &eman& thesame treatment that other races an& ethnicities recei+e* Accor&ingl, the rst goalof reparations is to remember an& celebrate these forgotten African Americans an&insist that our nation full ac#nole&ge their man contributions to our countrs

economic an& political ell6being*

'en"ing &oun!e! attachmentsG to historical inustice isforgetting an! un!ermines emancipator" politicsurmin&er (hambra* ni+ersit of Waric# an! ;ictoria /argree, School of umanities, ni+ersit of


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The maorit" of (lac Americans &ant reparations4 We shoul!not !ela" ustice)ichael C* 'a&son, %epartments of o+ernment, African an& African AmericanStu&ies, ar+ar& ni+ersit an! Ro+ana Popo@ , %epartment of Political Science,

ni+ersit of Chicago, 200>, GReparations9 !ustice an& ree& in


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Reparations !o not !en" the nee! for !ialogue

Opening ourseles to !ialogue an! reconciliation is an a!!itionto reparations* not a reection of reparations

"a6:ehisi Coates, Sta? Writer, )a 21, 201>, G"he Case for Reparations,H "heAtlantic, http9II*theatlantic*comIfeaturesI archi+eI201@I05Ithe6case6for6reparationsI/D1D/1I, Accesse& BI@I201@What 8m tal#ing about is more than recompense for past in-usticesUmore than ahan&out, a pao?, hush mone, or a reluctant bribe* What 8m tal#ing about is anational rec#oning that oul& lea& to spiritual reneal* Reparations oul& mean theen& of scarng hot &ogs on the Fourth of !ul hile &ening the facts of ourheritage* Reparations oul& mean the en& of elling GpatriotismH hile a+ing aConfe&erate ag* Reparations oul& mean a re+olution of the Americanconsciousness, a reconciling of our self6image as the great &emocrati>er ith thefacts of our histor*

The call for reparations is a plea for social !ebate* &hich is e"to fostering an inclusie societ"Charles !* Ogletree, !r*, Professor, ar+ar& $a School, 2006, GRepairing thePast9 :e '?orts in the Reparations %ebate in America,H ar+ar& Ci+il Rights6Ci+il$iberties $a Re+ie, +* /, pp* /1E6/20)ore importantl, the un&erling goals of both sla+er an& nonsla+er lasuits arethe same*


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/onetar" reparations are goo!

'espite the high cost* reparations =nancing is notinsurmountable

:oah /illman, senior e&itor at "he American Conser+ati+e maga>ine, !une ,201>, G8t Coul& Wi&en, Rather "han eal, Racial Rifts,H :e =or# "imes,http9II*ntimes*comIroomfor&ebateI201@I0DI0Iare6reparations6&ue6to6african6americansIreparations6coul&6i&en6rather6than6heal6racial6rifts, Accesse& BII201@A proper accounting of the cost of sla+er coul& run into the tens of trillions of&ollars, but so &oes the +alue of fe&eral assets li#e mineral an& energ rights* 8freparations ere structure& as onership of a securiti>e& pool of these assets,nancing oul& not pro+e an insurmountable challenge* An& if the asset pool ere(e&, an& eligible claimants ere limite& to lineal &escen&ants of ensla+e& persons,incenti+es shoul& be aligne& for the best process possible gi+en the limitations ofgenealogical &ata* 8n an e+ent, ac#nole&ging the gra+it of the crime of Americanracial sla+er matters more than a perfect accounting of the true cost*

/one" can%t un!o histor"* but can reme!" the socioeconomice@ects of slaer"William (ra!for!, Chiricahua Apache an& Associate Professor of $a, 8n&ianani+ersit School of $a, 2005, Gable, or for those see#ing restitutionof items or parcels of propert, be it homestea&s, commercial propert, sacre&lan&s, or pieces of art* "he claim of repair is, in this strict sense, a claim to re+ersethe cloc# to the status Luo ante* For those hose harms are phsical or pschic, the



http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/06/08/are-reparations-due-to-african-americans/reparations-could-widen-rather-than-heal-racial-riftshttp://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/06/08/are-reparations-due-to-african-americans/reparations-could-widen-rather-than-heal-racial-riftshttp://business.time.com/2013/02/05/the-federal-governments-128-trillion-stockpile-the-answer-to-our-debt-problems/http://www.wcdebate.com/http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/06/08/are-reparations-due-to-african-americans/reparations-could-widen-rather-than-heal-racial-riftshttp://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/06/08/are-reparations-due-to-african-americans/reparations-could-widen-rather-than-heal-racial-riftshttp://business.time.com/2013/02/05/the-federal-governments-128-trillion-stockpile-the-answer-to-our-debt-problems/http://www.wcdebate.com/


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problem of n&ing an a&eLuate reparati+e eLui+alent looms large* :o sum cancompensate for stolen time in prison, nor for the loss of a lo+e& ones life, nor forthe &egra&ation of torture*


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Cash pa"ments for reparations &oul! stimulate the 4S4econom")ichael /aiello, Sta? Writer, !une @, 201>, GWh reparations for sla+er coul&help boost the econom,H Reuters,

http9IIblogs*reuters*comIgreat6&ebateI201@I0DI0@Ih6reparations6for6sla+er6coul&6help6boost6the6economI, Accesse& BII201@8n the )a 21 issue of "he Atlantic, "a6:ehisi Coates re6opene& the Luestion ofhether the nite& States go+ernment shoul& pa reparations to African6Americansfor the crimes of to an& a half centuries of sla+er, D0 ears of !im Cro6stlesegregation an& &eca&es more of racist housing policies, >oning an& communit&e+elopment* is conclusion U that a great accounting of rongs must ta#e place,as ell as a &ecision about ho to ma#e amen&s for themQ has ine+itabl spar#e&&isagreement*


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Reparations !o not cause social !iisions

The moement for reparations is not a call for separatismCharles !* Ogletree, !r*, Professor, ar+ar& $a School, 2006, GRepairing the

Past9 :e '?orts in the Reparations %ebate in America,H ar+ar& Ci+il Rights6Ci+il$iberties $a Re+ie, +* /, pp* /1B6/1Perhaps the real locus of the ob-ection to reparations is its percei+e& &i+isi+eness*Reparations opponents appear to consi&er reparations a separatist &eman& that pitsone set of Americans against another*


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has no place in our future* "he alternati+e, as %r* ing lamente&, is to ha+e racialin-ustice continue to be a cancer that eats at the moral fabric of the nation*





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,egatie





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,eg Case #ustice Reparations (lac Americans

8t is &icult to &en the e?ects of past policies on African Americans to&a*oe+er, the Armati+es call for monetar reparations ill &o little to resol+ethese problems an& lea+es all the un&erling -ustications in place* "herefore, 8must negate the resolution that -ustice &eman& reparations for


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Correctie ustice is important in the conte7t of reparationsan! is contrar" to monetar" pa"mentsChristopher $* .utD, C* William )a(einer %istinguishe& Professor of $a an&%irector, a&ish Center for )oralit, $a an& Public A?airs at the ni+ersit of

California6, G!ustice in Reparations9 "he Cost of )emor an& the;alue of "al#,H Philosoph M Public A?airs, /29/, p* 20 "his article argues the folloing* First, hile in-ustice has a long life, reme& has ashort one7 an& the general case for complete repair, through moneti>e& reparations,&iminishes Luic#l o+er time an& across generations, especiall hen the in-urersha+e &eparte& the scene, an& gi+en that reparations are in competition ith theother claimants on scarce social resources* Secon&, some reparations claims forreturn of particular lan&s, such as trans6generational homestea&s an& culturalproperties tie& to collecti+e as of life, &o rest on poerful moral an& politicalgroun&s, chie the importance of tra&ition to the con&itions of meaningfulin&i+i&ual an& collecti+e life* "he main argument for repair in these cases comesfrom &istributi+e -ustice, not from correcti+e -ustice*


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(4 +t is not ust to hol! all Americans responsible iareparations)ichael C* 'a&son, %epartments of o+ernment, African an& African AmericanStu&ies, ar+ar& ni+ersit an! Ro+ana Popo@ , %epartment of Political Science,

ni+ersit of Chicago, 200>, GReparations9 !ustice an& ree& in


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Reparations construct ictimiDe! i!entities

Constructing a ictimiDe! i!entit" base! on un!oing histor"fosters reactionar" politics

urmin&er (hambra* ni+ersit of Waric# an! ;ictoria /argree, School of umanities, ni+ersit of Free&om Center, !anuar 0/,2001, G"en Reasons Wh Reparations for


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Reparations un!ermine national unit" an!!iscussion

Reparations &oul! increase racial !isparities an! create

massie !iisions:oah /illman, senior e&itor at "he American Conser+ati+e maga>ine, !une ,201>, G8t Coul& Wi&en, Rather "han eal, Racial Rifts,H :e =or# "imes,http9II*ntimes*comIroomfor&ebateI201@I0DI0Iare6reparations6&ue6to6african6americansIreparations6coul&6i&en6rather6than6heal6racial6rifts, Accesse& BII201@

"he real issue is not practical but political* Reparations are not inten&e&, nor shoul&the be e(pecte&, to re&ress the socioeconomic ineLualities that correlate ithrace* ens* "hetrue obstacles to reparations ha+e more to &o ith its i&ealistic political goals thanith an &iculties of implementation*

Reparations is a polariDing issue so &e shoul! err on the si!eof ustice)ichael C* 'a&son, %epartments of o+ernment, African an& African AmericanStu&ies, ar+ar& ni+ersit an! Ro+ana Popo@ , %epartment of Political Science,ni+ersit of Chicago, 200>, GReparations9 !ustice an& ree& in


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struggle for ci+il rights b appealing to an issue on hich it is possible once again toassert a profoun& moral unit*


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A ,ational 'iscussion is .e"

/onetar" reparations are impossible an! aoi!s !ialogueabout reparations

"a6:ehisi Coates, Sta? Writer, )a 21, 201>, G"he Case for Reparations,H "heAtlantic, http9II*theatlantic*comIfeaturesI archi+eI201@I05Ithe6case6for6reparationsI/D1D/1I, Accesse& BI@I201@Perhaps after a serious &iscussion an& &ebateUthe #in& that R @0 proposesUema n& that the countr can ne+er full repa African Americans* , G"he Case for Reparations,H "heAtlantic, http9II*theatlantic*comIfeaturesI archi+eI201@I05Ithe6case6for6reparationsI/D1D/1I, Accesse& BI@I201@What 8m tal#ing about is more than recompense for past in-usticesUmore than ahan&out, a pao?, hush mone, or a reluctant bribe* What 8m tal#ing about is anational rec#oning that oul& lea& to spiritual reneal* Reparations oul& mean theen& of scarng hot &ogs on the Fourth of !ul hile &ening the facts of ourheritage* Reparations oul& mean the en& of elling GpatriotismH hile a+ing aConfe&erate ag* Reparations oul& mean a re+olution of the Americanconsciousness, a reconciling of our self6image as the great &emocrati>er ith thefacts of our histor*

'ialogue is essential for all Americans to un!erstan! the nee!for reparationsCharles !* Ogletree, !r*, Professor, ar+ar& $a School, 2006, GRepairing thePast9 :e '?orts in the Reparations %ebate in America,H ar+ar& Ci+il Rights6Ci+il$iberties $a Re+ie, +* /, pp* 2@625

"he issue of inclusion for all in %r* ings +ision of the Gens must engage as full participants in a &ialoguee(amining the cost of re pairing our societ to ma#e it eLuall accessible to

e+erone* Reparations is the a to start that &ialogue* 8ts goals shoul& beapplau&e& b e+erone ho is committe& to establishing a nation that ill stan& asa mo&el of eLual -ustice for all*



http://www.theatlantic.com/features/http://www.theatlantic.com/features/http://www.wcdebate.com/http://www.theatlantic.com/features/http://www.theatlantic.com/features/http://www.wcdebate.com/


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A !ialogue on racism an! historical oppression are essentialrealiDing eBualit"Paul * Wright, '&*%*, an Assistant Professor in the )aster of Social Wor# Program,Summer 2012, GRacism9 A %icult %ialogue,H Aca&emic '(change \uarterl,

;olume 1D, 8ssue 2, http9II*rapi&intellect*comIA'\ebIcho501D*htm, Accesse&BI12I201@A &ialogue on racism is &icult, but still remains rele+ant e+en in a post6racistsociet* On the surface, the sub-ect of racism &oes not seem rele+ant perhaps &ueto the lac# of ob+ious oppressi+e sstems that ha+e plague& our societ in the past*8t is the subtle e?ects of racism that ma#es part of the &ialogue on racism &icultbecause it is &icult to see the connection beteen historical oppression an&current circumstances* Further, the uninitiate& &o not un&erstan& ho racialstereotpes can be pschologicall an& economicall &amaging to a particulargroup* "he &ialogue on the current plight of groups of color an& their e(periencesith racism becomes hin&ere& &ue to ta#ing an argumentati+e stance on racism*

"herefore, it is imperati+e to become conscious of our mo&e of communication an&

to earnestl or# toar&s a para&igm shift in ho e communicate* )oreo+er,professors nee& to mo&el for stu&ents ho to ha+e the &icult &ialogue on racism*8f professors are a+oi&ing this topic, stu&ents ill be ill prepare& to face the &icultrealities that groups of color e(perience e+er &a* Finall, it is +ital that eun&erstan& that there is a common benet hen each member in our societ isinclu&e& an& treate& ith respect an& that e all benet if each person can reali>etheir full potential as a human being*



http://rapidintellect.com/AEQweb/http://www.rapidintellect.com/AEQweb/cho5016.htmhttp://www.wcdebate.com/http://rapidintellect.com/AEQweb/http://www.rapidintellect.com/AEQweb/cho5016.htmhttp://www.wcdebate.com/


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/onetar" reparations fail


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West Coast Publishing Public Forum Sept Oct 2015 Starter, Reparations AfricanAmericans Page /D

the total reparation pament an& others EI1DthJ o man ha+e compile& accuratefamil trees that oul& e+en ma#e such ne &istinctionsJK Ob+iousl, suchLuestions coul& not be a&&resse& ithout the imposition of :uremberg6stle raciallas that oul& scrutini>e the pe&igrees of Americans in search of Kracial guiltK orKracial entitlement*K





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Reparations &ill fail

en if &e can sa" reparations are goo!* there is no political&ill to implement

!ohn /cWhorter, Professor of linguistics an& American stu&ies at Columbiani+ersit , !une , 201>, G:o Consensus on :ee& or Possible Results,H :e =or# "imes, http9II*ntimes*comIroomfor&ebateI201@I0DI0Iare6reparations6&ue6to6african6americansIno6consensus6on6nee&6or6possible6results6of6reparations,Accesse& BII201@8ts &icult to turn reparations tal# from sentiment to legislate& realit* For one, noamount of resonant argumentation about Gcollecti+e responsibilitH ill con+incethe mo&ern American populace as a hole U no compose& of a great manimmigrants an& their chil&ren U that GtheH oe blac# people for sla+er an& !imCro* "he issue is not hether the argument shoul& con+ince them, but hether itill*


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There is no &a" to tell &ho shoul! get reparations

There is no statistical ei!ence e7ists for harms leftoer fromslaer" or &ho &oul! get reparations

%a+i& $oro&itD, foun&er of "he %a+i& oroit> Free&om Center, !anuar 0/,2001, G"en Reasons Wh Reparations for


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,o criteria e7ists to !etermine &ho pa"s an! &ho shoul!receie reparations

"om Con!on, Sta? Writer, )arch 2, 2002, GReparations For Sla+er A

pf reparations file

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