pfd - firehoses

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    Basic FirefighterFire Hoses

    Michael Corsello

    Peyton Fire

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    Fire HosesAny flexible tube used by firefighters tocarry water under pressure from the

    source of supply to a point where it isdischarged IFSTA essentials

    There are many materials, sizes and

    connectors used in the fire service

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    Fire HosesFire Hose Sizes

    Each size has a purpose

    Generally in 50 and 100 foot sections

    Hoses are governed by NFPA1901, 1961,1962 and 1963 primarily

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    Fire HosesIntake Hose

    Two types

    Hard Suction used primarily to draft waterfrom an open source (i.e. a pond) or to siphonwater from one tank to another (i.e. a port-a-tank) - generally in sizes from 2 in 6 in

    Soft Sleeve used to transfer water from ahydrant or other pressurized source to a pumpintake generally in sizes from 2in 6 in

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    Fire HosesHose Construction5 Common Types

    BoosterHose

    - 1 in

    Woven-Jacket1 6 in ImpregnatedSingle Jacket

    1 - 5 in

    Non-CollapsibleIntake

    2 - 6 in

    Flexible Non-Collapsible Intake

    2 - 6 in

    Rubber Coat

    FabricReinforced

    RubberLined

    1 or 2 WovenJackets

    Rubber Lined

    Polymer Coat

    PolymerLined

    Rubber Coat

    Fabric and WireReinforced(Spiral)

    Rubber Lined

    Rubber Coat

    Fabric and PlasticReinforced (Spiral)

    Rubber Lined

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    Fire HosesDamage Causes and Prevention

    Mechanical Damage

    Abrasions, rips / tears, crushed or crackedcouplings, damaged liners, damaged threads

    Dont drag hoses over rough or sharp objects

    Open and close valves / nozzles slowly toprevent water hammer

    Change the position of bends frequently in lays

    Avoid excessive pressures

    Use hose bridges / chafing blocks

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    Fire HosesDamage Causes and Prevention

    Thermal Damage

    Exposure to heat decomposes rubber, burns cotton andmelts polymers

    Protect hoses from excessive heat

    Use moderate heat for drying

    Keep woven jackets dry

    Flow water through unused hose to prolong life

    Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun

    Keep away from vehicle / pump exhausts

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    Fire HosesDamage Causes and Prevention

    Organic / Chemical DamageFailure to dry hoses can result in rot due to mold and

    mildewChemicals and their vapors may cause decomposition toexposed parts

    Clean hoses after every use

    Swap out wet hoses for dry ones on apparatus

    Allow hoses to dry before rolling or reloadingKeep hoses away from chemicals as much as possible

    Replace contaminated hoses as needed

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    Fire HosesCare and Maintenance

    Washing

    Rubber coated rinse with water and wipeclean

    Fabric coated brush off dirt and clean withpressure washer (a hose washer is very useful)

    DryingAll fabric coated hoses should be dried beforerolling or reloading

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    Fire HosesCare and Maintenance

    Storing

    Hoses should be restocked on apparatus orrolled and stored in an appropriate manner

    Gaskets / O-Rings

    Swivel gaskets or expansion ring gasketsshould be inspected at every washing andreplaced when necessary

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    Fire HosesCouplings

    2 Basic types

    Threaded (various types of threads)3 and 5 piece basic designs

    Storz (Sexless interlocking coupling)

    Both ends identical, can be connected together

    Secured by a third-turn

    Others quarter-turn, oilfield rocker lug, snap

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    Fire Hoses

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    Fire HosesThreaded Couplings

    Shank portion of coupling connected to

    hoseEnds can be identified by noting the lugs

    Only male couplings have lugs on the shank

    Female couplings have lugs on the swivelCouplings can be tightened via the lugsusing a spanner wrench

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    Fire HosesThreaded Couplings

    Lug TypesRocker most common, exposed flat bar lug parallel to

    length of hosePin exposed lug

    Recessed indentation in hose (mostly on booster lines),required special spanner wrench

    Higbee Cut / IndicatorSpecial cut on initial thread to provide positive threadcontact, reducing cross-threading

    The Higbee Indicator is a notch in the lugs indicating thelocation of the Higbee Cut

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    Fire Hoses

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    Fire HosesHose Appliances and Tools

    Valves

    Valve DevicesFittings

    Intake Devices

    Rollers

    Jackets

    Clamps

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    Fire HosesValves

    Ball used in pumper discharges and gated wyes,

    open when handle is in line with hoseGate used in hydrant operations, have a flatgate that slides up and down via a screwmechanism (OS&Y is a gate type)

    Butterfly used on large pump intakes, have a flatgate that rotates via a quarter turn handle

    Clapper used in siamese applicances to allowunidirectional flow, operate via hinged disk

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    Fire HosesValve DevicesWye Appliance split one inlet line into 2 outlet lines,usually smaller, often valved

    Siamese Appliancejoin 2 or 3 inlet lines into one outlet

    lines, often with clapper valves, used to overcome frictionloss

    Water Thief variation of a wye, one inlet with same-sizeoutlet and 2 smaller outlets

    LDH appliances used to distribute water from large

    diameter hose (LDH) to working linesHydrant Valves used to separate open hydrant from hose,allows hoses to be connected and disconnected withoutshutting off the hydrant

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    Fire Hoses

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    Fire HosesFittings

    Reducers allows different size hoses to be

    connected (long hose runs)Double adapters come in double male anddouble female, allow hoses to be connected whenboth couplings are of the same sex

    Elbows allow hoses to be sharply redirectedCaps, Plugs close off hose or appliance ends

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    Fire HosesIntake Devices

    Strainers

    Come in several varietiesUsed to prevent debris / organic materials frombeing ingested into the pumping systems

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    Fire HosesTools

    Hose Roller used to protect hoses from sharpedges while dragging

    Hose Jacket appliance used to repair rupturedhoses while under pressure

    Hose Clamp used to stop the flow of water

    Hose Bridge / Chafing Block used to protect

    hoses from abrasionHose strap / rope / chain used to aid in carryingor handling a charge line

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    Fire Hoses

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    Fire HosesHose RollsStraight Roll

    Start at the male end

    Roll flat to female end

    Flatten any uneven coils

    Roll backward (male out)to denote a bad hosemark with a tag whenpossible

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    Fire HosesHose Rolls

    Donut Roll

    Both ends are exposedFold male end up to about3ft SHORT of the female end

    Start rolling at the folded

    endOnce rolled, hose can bedeployed in place

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    Fire HosesHose Rolls

    Twin Donut Roll

    Bring both ends together,side by side

    Flatten the folded end androll

    If couplings are offset by afoot or so, they can beconnected

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    Fire HosesHose RollsSelf-Locking Twin DonutRoll

    Start just like Twin Roll

    When flattening folded end,make a flat loop about 3ftwide

    Roll with flat loop at centerInterlock loop ends to makea handle

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    Fire HosesHose Loads

    Accordion Load

    Hose lays on edgePacks across flat bed

    Can allow access to eitherend

    Good for any type of lay

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    Fire HosesHose Loads

    Horseshoe Load

    Hose lays on edgePacks around edge of bed

    Fewer sharp bends

    Tends to fall off truck

    Only provides access toone end, for one type oflay

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    Fire HosesHose Loads

    Flat Load

    Hose lays flatEasy to load

    Easy to pull / shouldercarry

    Can be loaded in split bed

    Only provides access toone end

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    Fire HosesHose Lays

    Forward lay

    Hose is laid from watersource to the fire

    Female coupling isunloaded first

    Allows a hydrant team to

    stay at the source and thepumper to advance to thefire scene

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    Fire HosesHose Lays

    Reverse lay

    Hose is laid from the fireto the water supply

    Male coupling is unloadedfirst

    Allows an attack team to

    stay at the scene and thepumper to move to thewater source

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    Fire HosesHose Lays

    Split lay

    Term used in manyways

    Any lay composed ofboth a forward and

    reverse lay

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    Fire HosesAdvancing Hoselines

    Always work in teams

    Entry teams on 2in lines should have 3or 4 persons on the line

    Firefighters should be on the same side of

    the hoseTry to hoist a hose by rope if possiblerather than ladder carry

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    Fire HosesAdvancing Hoselines

    Ladder Advances Uncharged line

    One firefighter at the ground feeds the hoseFirefighter(s) on ladder shoulder carry the line

    Ladder Advances Charged line

    Several firefighters lock in or belt off on theladder within arms reach of each other

    The hose is then pushed upward fromfirefighter to firefighter

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    Fire HosesRemember

    Safety First