ph 4.0-10.0 buffer solution

pH Indicator Before After Buffer Procedure

1.0Metanil yellow (MY) 1.2 -2.3

25G 26,000 (7월 21일 입고)Yellow Red HCl/KCl

0.2 M KCl 25 mL +

0.2 M HCl 67 mL

2.0Erythrosine (sodium salt) (E) 2.2-3.6

25G 92,000Red Orange HCl/KCl

0.2 M KCl 25 mL +

0.2 M HCl 6.5 mL

3.0 Methyl Orange (MO) 3.1-4.4Orange-

yellowRed

Citrate

buffer

0.1 M citric acid 9.3 mL +

0.1 M sodium citrate 0.7 mL +

H2O 10 mL

4.0Methyl red (MR) 4.5-6.2

(basic condition, pH < 6.2)Yellow Red

Acetate

buffer


0.1 M sodium acetate 3,4 mL +

H2O 10 mL

5.0Bromophenol blue 3.0-4.6

(acidic condition < pH 3.0) 5G 70,000Yellow Purple

Acetate

buffer

0.1 M citric acid 4,1 mL +


H2O 10 mL

6.0Bromocresol green (BG) 3.8-5.4

(acidic condition < pH 4.0)Yellow Blue

Phosphate

buffer

1.0 M K2HPO4 0.264 mL +

1.0 M K2H2PO4 1.736 mL +

H2O 18 mL

7.0Bromocresol purple (BP) 5.2-6.8

(acidic condition < pH 5.0) 25G 121,000Yellow Purple

Phosphate

buffer

1.0 M K2HPO4 1.23 mL +

1.0 M KH2PO4 0.77 mL +

H2O 18 mL

8.0Bromothymol blue (BB) 5.8-7.6

(acidic condition < pH 6.0)

Orange-

yellow

Blue-

red

Phosphate

buffer

1.0 M K2HPO4 1.88 mL +

1.0 M KH2PO4 0.12 mL +

H2O 18 mL

9.0Tropaeolin 000 (TP000) 7.6-8.9

25G 81,000 (8월 6일 입고)Yellow

Rose-

red

Phosphate

buffer

0.2 M Glycine 5.0 mL +

0.2 M NaOH 0.88 mL +

H2O 14.12 mL

10.0 Phenolphtalein (PP) 8.2-10.0 ColorlessRed-

violet

NaHCO3

NaOH

0.2 M Glycine 50 mL +

0.1 M NaOH 10.7 mL

11.0Nile blue (NB) 10.1-11.1

5G 62,000Blue Red

NaHCO3

NaOH

0.05 M NaHCO3 50 mL +

0.1 M NaOH 22.7 mL

12.0β-Naphthol violet (βNV) 10.6-12.0

25G 160,996 (서브원 진열)

Orange-

yellowViolet

KCl

NaOH

0.2 M KCl 50 mL +

0.2 M NaOH 12.0 mL

13.0Thiazole yellow G (TYG) 12.2-13.2

5G 18,000 Yellow Amber

KCl

NaOH

0.2 M KCl 25 mL +

0.2 M NaOH 66.0 mL

14.0Alkali blue (AB) 9.4-14.0

solution 1L 136,000Violet Pink (1.0 N NaOH = pH 14.0)

1. Azo indicators

Image 1. Structure of azo indicators

Image 2. Structural changes of methyl red

2. Sulfonephthaleins

Image 3. Structure of sulfonephthalein

Image 4. Structural change of bromothymol blue

3. Phthaleins

Image 5. Structure of phthalein

Image 6. Structural change of phenolphthalein

4. Alizarin

Image 7. Structures of alizarin

pH Indicators Acidic color Basic color Buffer Procedure

0.0 (1.0 N HCl = pH 0.0)

1.0 Crystal violet (CV) 0.0-2.0 (pKa = 1.15)Yellow

(<pH 1.0)Blue-violet HCl/KCl

0.2 M KCl 5 mL +

0.2 M HCl 13.4 mL

2.0 Ethyl violet (EV) 0.0 - 3.5 Yellow

(<pH 1.0)Blue HCl/KCl

0.2 M KCl 15 mL +

0.2 M HCl 3.9 mL

3.0 Quinaldine Red (QR) 1.4-3.2 (pKa = 2.63Colorless

(<pH 1.0)Red

Citrate

buffer



H2O 10 mL

4.0 Bromophenol blue (BPB) 3.0-4.6 (pKa = 4.10)Yellow

(<pH 3.0)Purple

Citrate

buffer



H2O 10 mL

5.0 Bromocresol green (BG) 3.8-5.4 (pKa = 4.90)Yellow

(<pH 4.0) Blue

Citrate

buffer



H2O 10 mL

6.0 Chlorophenol red (CR) 4.8-6.4 (pKa = 6.25)Yellow

(<pH 4.0)Red

Phosphate

buffer

1.0 M K2HPO4 0.264 mL +

1.0 M K2H2PO4 1.736 mL +

H2O 18 mL

7.0 Bromothymol blue (BTB) 5.8-7.6 (pKa = 7.30)Orange-

yellowBlue

Phosphate

buffer

1.0 M K2HPO4 1.23 mL +

1.0 M KH2PO4 0.77 mL +

H2O 18 mL

8.0 Phenol red (PR) 6.4-8.2 (pKa = 8.00) Yellow RedPhosphate

buffer

1.0 M K2HPO4 1.88 mL +

1.0 M KH2PO4 0.12 mL +

H2O 18 mL

9.0 Phenolphtalein (PP) 8.2-10.0 (pka = 9.5) Colorless Red-violetGlycine

NaOH


0.2 M NaOH 0.88 mL +

H2O 14.12 mL

10.0 Thymophthalein (TP) 9.3-10.5 (pKa = 9.7) Colorless BlueGlycine

NaOH


0.2 M NaOH 3.2 mL +

H2O 11.8 mL

11.0 Alizarin yellow GG(AYGG) 10.0-12.0 (pKa = 11.0) Colorless YellowNa2HPO4

NaOH

0.05 M Na2HPO4 20 mL +

0.1 M NaOH 1.64 mL

12.0 Tropaeolin O 11.0-13.0 Yellow OrangeKCl

NaOH

0.2 M KCl 50 mL +

0.2 M NaOH 12.0 mL

13.0 Titan yellow 12.2-13.2 Yellow RedKCl

NaOH

0.2 M KCl 25 mL +

0.2 M NaOH 66.0 mL

(1.0 N NaOH = pH 14.0)

Buffer Procedure

HCl/KCl0.2 M KCl 25 mL +

0.2 M HCl 67 mL

HCl/KCl0.2 M KCl 25 mL +

0.2 M HCl 6.5 mL

Citrate

buffer



H2O 10 mL

Acetate

buffer


0.1 M sodium acetate 3,4 mL +

H2O 10 mL

Acetate

buffer



H2O 10 mL

Phosphate

buffer

1.0 M K2HPO4 0.264 mL +

1.0 M K2H2PO4 1.736 mL +

H2O 18 mL

Phosphate

buffer

1.0 M K2HPO4 1.23 mL +

1.0 M KH2PO4 0.77 mL +

H2O 18 mL

Phosphate

buffer

1.0 M K2HPO4 1.88 mL +

1.0 M KH2PO4 0.12 mL +

H2O 18 mL

Phosphate

buffer


0.2 M NaOH 0.88 mL +

H2O 14.12 mL

NaHCO3

NaOH

0.2 M Glycine 50 mL +

0.1 M NaOH 10.7 mL

NaHCO3

NaOH

0.05 M NaHCO3 50 mL +

0.1 M NaOH 22.7 mL

KCl

NaOH

0.2 M KCl 50 mL +

0.2 M NaOH 12.0 mL

KCl

NaOH

0.2 M KCl 25 mL +

0.2 M NaOH 66.0 mL

(1.0 N NaOH = pH 14.0)

0in solution Phenol red (acidic)

in SiO2 Congo red, Methyl orange, p-methyl red

1.0in solution p-methyl red, Thymol blue (acidic)

in SiO2 Bromocresol green, Alizarin (acidic)

2.0in solution Methyl orange

in SiO2

3.0in solution Bromocresol green, Congo red

in SiO2 Chlorophenol red, Bromocresol purple

4.0in solution Methyl red, Chlorophenol red

in SiO2 Nitrazine yellow, Bromoxylenol blue, Cresol red

5.0in solution Bromocresol purple, Bromophenol red

in SiO2 Bromothymol blue

6.0in solution Nitrazin yellow, Bromothymol blue, Bromoxylenol blue, Phenol red (basic), 3,4,5,6-TBPSP

in SiO2 Thymol blue (from pH 4.0)

7.0in solution Cresol red,

in SiO2 Bromothymol blue (from pH 5.0)

8.0in solution Bromothymol blue (from pH 6.0), Bromoxylenol blue (from pH 6.0)

in SiO2

9.0in solution α-naphtholphthalein

in SiO2 α-naphtholphthalein (from pH 12.0)

10.0in solution Phenolphtalein, Thymol blue (basic)

in SiO2

11.0in solution Thymophthalein

in SiO2

12.0in solution Alizarin (basic)

in SiO2 α-naphtholphthalein

13.0in solution

in SiO2

14.0in solution

in SiO2 Alizarin (basic), Thymolphthalein, PhenolphthaleinSurfactant-Induced Modification of Dopants Reactivity in Sol-Gel Matrixes

TMOS를 precursor로 하여 이루어지는 silica sol-gel 반응에 surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

(CTAB)와 pH indicator를 dofant로 사용하여 silica에 entrap되도록 한다. 그 결과로 pKi 값의 shift가 일어나 중성

pH 7을 기준으로 acidic한 범위의 pH에서부터 색이 변하는 indicator는 더욱 낮은 pH에서 색이 변하고, basic한 범

위의 pH에서부터 색이 변하는 indicator는 더욱 높은 pH에서 색이 변한다.

Indicator pH indicating range Acidic Basic

Azo indicators

Congo red3.0 - 5.2 (in solution)

Blue Red0.0 - 2.0 (in SiO2)

Nitrazine yellow6.0 - 7.2 (in solution)

Yellow Blue4.9 - 6.4 (in SiO2)

Methyl orange2.9 - 4.6 (in solution)

Red Yellow0.0 - 2.0 (in SiO2)

Methyl red3.8 - 5.4 (in solution)

Red Yellow1.5 - 3.8 (in SiO2)

p-methyl red1.0 - 3.0 (in solution)

Radish orange Yellow0.2 - 1.8 (in SiO2)

Sulfonephthalein indicators

Bromocresol green3.8 - 5.4 (in solution)


Bromocresol purple5.2 - 6.8 (in solution)

Yellow Purple3.9 - 5.8 (in SiO2)

Bromophenol blue3.0 - 4.6 (in solution)


Bromophenol red5.2 - 6.8 (in solution)

Yellow Red3.8 - 5.8 (in SiO2)

Bromothymol blue6.0 - 7.6 (in solution)


Bromoxylenol blue6.0 - 7.6 (in solution)


Chlorophenol red4.8 - 6.4 (in solution)


Cresol red7.0 - 8.8 (in solution)


Phenol red (acidic)0.0 - 2.0 (in solution)

Orange-red Yellow(-2.0) - 1.2 (in SiO2)

Phenol red (basic)6.8 - 8.2 (in solution)


3,4,5,6-TBPSP6.6 - 8.2 (in solution)

Yellow Pink5.0 - 7.0 (in SiO2)

Thymol blue (acidic)1.2 - 2.8 (in solution)

Red Yellow(-2.0) - 1.2 (in SiO2)

Thymol blue (basic)8.0 - 9.2 (in solution)


Phthalein indicators

α-naphtholphthalein7.8 - 9.0 (in solution)

Pinkish-brown Blue9.8 - 11.3 (in SiO2)

Phenolphthalein8.0 - 10.0 (in solution)

Colorless Pink11.8 - 14.0 (in SiO2)

Thymolphthalein8.8 - 10.5 (in solution)

Colorless Blue12.0 - 14.0 (in SiO2)

Alizarin

Alizarin (acidic)4.3 - 6.3 (in solution)


Alizarin (basic)9.4 - 12.0 (in solution)

Red Violet13.0 - 14.0 (in SiO2)

ph 4.0-10.0 buffer solution

Documents