Enhanced Oil Recovery Enhanced Oil Recovery by COby CO22 injectioninjection

presented bypresented by

Ph. D. AndrPh. D. Andréés E. Moctezuma Berthiers E. Moctezuma Berthier Project LeaderProject Leader

Oil Recovery DepartmentOil Recovery Department

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETROLEOINSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETROLEO

DOE, 1986

2

CONTENT

EOR concepts

Mexican Reservoirs

EOR in Mexico

IMP projects on EOR- CO2-N2

IMP EOR Future

Conclusions

3

EOR- Mechanics

Mechanics

Forces• Viscous• Gravitational• Capillary

1- Rock and fluids expansión drive2- Disolution gas drive3- Gas displacement drive4- Water displacement drive5- Gravitational segregation drive

Oil Recovery, %

Pres

sure

, %Pi

PressureDensityIFT

Frec“Oil recovery factor”

PRIMARY Recovery

ROCK

Pores

5 – 20 %Oil recovery

4

TertiaryTertiary RecoveryRecovery EOREOR

EOR- process

Conventional porous media OKConventional porous media OKNatural Fracture Rocks ?Natural Fracture Rocks ?

Additional oil Recovery Process

SecondarySecondary RecoveryRecovery Gas Gas injectioninjection

WaterWater InjectionInjection

Thermals Solvents

Addi

tiona

l Ene

rgy

Chan

ging

pro

perti

esNo

Ch

angi

ng

Chemicals Bacterials

- Insitucombustion

- Hot Water

- Steam

-CO2misc. Inmisc.-N2misc. Inmisc.

- Polymer

- Alkali

-Surfactant

-Foams

-Microbial

20-45%

Oil recovery

50-65%

Oil recovery

from combustion

IFP, Introduction to EOR, 2003

Pressure maintainance

5

EOR - CO2

CO2

- Oil Viscosity reduction- Oil Swelling- Low pressure for miscibility

ScreeningCriteria

Oil ViscosityDepth°APITempWidth

Permeability

MISCIBILITYFirst contact Sor =0Multiple contact Sor ->0

Increasing Frec

Conventional porous media OKConventional porous media OKNatural Fracture Rocks ?Natural Fracture Rocks ?

- “Availability”- GC separation- Corrosion

Advantages Disadvantages

6

EOR - CO2 Projects in the world

TOTAL386

146 146 projectsprojects forfor COCO22 andand NN22(96% CO(96% CO22 ))

ProcessCO2 STEAM POL IC SAP

N2 HWGAS HC

BACM I M I M I

Planning 12 4 7 6 1 2

USA 101 5 45 12 2 1 3 3 1 12

CANADA 7 14 1 3 1 1 22

Out Side 1 10 82 21 1 1 3 1

Total 121 19 148 28 17 4 1 5 3 2 37 1

CO2 140N2 6

Others 240Total 386

61% in the world are CO2 and N2

México, Akal

EOR report, OGJ, 2008

EOR worldwide

7

Mexican Reservoirs

Hydrocarbons Reserves report, PEMEX, 2007NorthernSouthern

Southwestern MarineNortheastern Marine

Administrationof Reservoirs

AdministrationAdministrationofof ReservoirsReservoirs

4 4 RegionsRegions

8

Mexican Reservoirs

Reservas de Hidrocarburos, PEMEX, 2007

Northeastern Marine Region

9Reservas de Hidrocarburos, PEMEX, 2007

Southwestern Marine Region

Mexican Reservoirs

10Reservas de Hidrocarburos, PEMEX, 2007

Southern Region

Mexican Reservoirs

11

PaleocanalChicontepec

V. de Alatorre

TampicoÉbano

Altamira

TamaulipasConstituciones

LankahuasaNautla

Tuxpan

Faja de oroIsla de Lobos

Carpa

Bagre

Atún

Tecolutla

Soto la Marina

Poza Rica

Talisman - Lerma

Lobina

Nayade

Arenque

Lagunade

Tamiahua

Golfo de

México

PaleocanalChicontepec

V. de Alatorre

TampicoÉbano

Altamira

TamaulipasConstituciones

LankahuasaNautla

Tuxpan

Faja de oroIsla de Lobos

Carpa

Bagre

Atún

Tecolutla

Soto la Marina

Poza Rica

Talisman - Lerma

Lobina

Nayade

Arenque

Lagunade

Tamiahua

Golfo de

México

Reservas de Hidrocarburos, PEMEX, 2007

Northern Region

Mexican Reservoirs

12

EOR in México

Anuario estadístico de proyectos de recuperación, 2007

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Ene-30 Ene-50 Ene-70 Ene-90 Ene-10 Ene-30

Qo

(mbp

d)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Np

(mm

b)

Qo primary Qo Total

Np primary Np Total

N2CO2

CO2 InjectionCO2 Injection

NFR

Water, HC gas

Oil rate on fields submitted to a secondary/enhanced oil recovery process

CO2

N2

H2 O HC

•Artesa

•Sitio Grande

13

IMP Projects on EOR

•• Sources of COSources of CO22

••Technical and economical EOR Technical and economical EOR studiesstudies

•• COCO22 Modeling and simulation NFRModeling and simulation NFR

•• Data base on AOR projectsData base on AOR projects

•• Oil characterization in presence of Oil characterization in presence of COCO2 2 and Nand N22

•• Oil recovery by COOil recovery by CO22 injection in NFRinjection in NFR

Project Year* Natural sources of CO2 1985

* Study of the use of CO2 from Oxiacaque plant 1980

*CO2 injection in Southern Region fields. Factibility analysis 1990

*Technical and economical analysis of EOR process in national fields. 1989-1991

*Technical and economical analysis of EOR process in Filo Morado field 1991

*Technical and economical analysis of EOR process in Cactus, Jiliapa, Sitio Grande 1993-1994

*Technical and economical analysis of EOR process in Ek Balam Field 1996

* Field characterization of Carmito field 2002

* Integral study of Artesa field 2003-2004

*Yearly report of the secondary and enhanced oil recovery projects in Mexico, 2006 2006

*Yearly report of the secondary and enhanced oil recovery projects in Mexico, 2007 2007

* Effects of CO2 in PVT properties, well Cuichapa 1981

*Experimental studies of oil recovery by CO2 injection in Artesa field. 2001

* Additional recovery by CO2 injection in NFR 2006-2009

* Experimental studies of gas injection in the field KU 2007-2008

*Experimental studies of gas injection in the field Cantarell 1998-2008

*EOR studies in the fields of Northeastern Marine Region 2008-2010

14Statistical Yearbook, PEMEX, 2007

ProductionProduction vsvs ReservesReserves

IMP EOR Future

Reserves by regionOil rate

production

by region

NFR

15Anuario estadístico de proyectos de recuperación, 2007

Reserves 1P, 2007

Conventional Conventional COCO22

Challenges on NFR for Challenges on NFR for COCO22

Water, gas or PM

Sandstone Carbonate Carbonate NFR

EOR-CO2

None AOR

IMP EOR Future

16

IMP EOR Future

Proyecto

Ku-Maloob-Zaap Antonio J Bermudez Jujo Tecominoacán Abkatun Pol Chuc

+ CO2

New technologies with non- conventional process in NFR

Akal, Ku-Maloob-Zaap

Northern Zone, conventional but complex reservoirs.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

RMNE RMSO RN RS0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

RMNE RMSO RN RS

Frec Frec

N2

*Jan-2007

Anuario estadístico de proyectos de recuperación, 2007

Reserves 2P, 2007

17

Conclusions

Challenges with NFR

Implement EOR process with GC

New technologies with non-conventional process:

Combustion gas injection (CO2,N2,O2)N2-CO2 mixFoams (CO2)

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 SequestrationCOCO22 SequestrationSequestration

18

Thanks for your attentionThanks for your attention

Enhanced Oil Recovery by CO2 injection

CO2 CO2

DOE, 1986