H THNG VN CHUYNTrng Thy Minh 2011-2012

Phn I:

KHI QUT V H THNG VN CHUYN

Chng 1: Lch s hnh thnh 1/ Vn chuyn trc tip bi con ngi

2/ Vn chuyn bng con vt

3/ C gii ha vn chuyn

1. Vn chuyn trn bXe p, xe gn my, m t, xe byt,xe hi, xe taxi

Xe byt ni thnh, xe ca lin tnh (cc lai hnh vn chuyn:bn bi, t trc qua in thai), Xe byt chuyn dng ( a rc hc sinh, cng nhn, shuttle bus cc sn bay,cng ty ln, khch sn ln)

Xe du lch 4, 7,9, 12, 22, 29 . Du lch bng xe v dch v cho thu xe (c v khng c ti x) Chng 2: Vn chuyn ng b

Chng 2: Vn chuyn ng b

2. Vn chuyn ng st- ng st u tin xut hin Anh vo u th k 17- u im: t hao nng lng, chuyn ch nhiu, an tan, chnh xc cao v gi gic, tin nghi s dng- Phn lai ch hng, hnh khch, - Xe la hnh khch trong thnh ph ( metro, tramway)- Xe la lin tnh,lin quc gia,lin lc a- cc loi xe la ( trong v ngai nc): hi nc,than , diesel, ng c in, tu cao tc, h thng ng mt rail, h thng m t

Tramway chy trn mt t theo ng ray ringMetro chy di ng hm theo mt h thng ring

Chng 2: Vn chuyn ng b - Vn tc cao nht t c gn y+ TGV bt u i vo hat ng t nm 1981+ 2003: c 501km/h; Nht 581km/h do tu m t Maglev + 2006: Ty Ban Nha 404km/h trn ng ray thng thng+ 2007: Php 574.8 km/h ( th nghim tu V150 trn ng ray thng thng ngy 03 thng 04 nm 2007) so vi vn tc k lc 515km/h nm 1990+ Cc nc ln v vn ti ng st: Php, c v cc nc EU, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Trung Quc, Nga

Khng nhng vn tc m vn tin nghi, gi gic, gi c, mng li phc v, tnh tin dng khi s dng v, vn mi trng ( nhim mi trng, ting n,) cng c song song cp n.

Chng 2: Vn chuyn ng b H thng ng st Php:

Tuyn u tin khnh thnh ngy 26 thng 2 nm 1823 ni lin Saint-tienne Andrzieux di 23 kmTng chiu di: 29 213 km trong 15 141 km in kh haChuyn ch 1 013 triu hnh khch nm 2006Vn chuyn 108 330 000 tn hng ha nm 2006

ng st Vit Nam ( www.vr.com.vn)

Nm 1881, Vit Nam khi cng xy dng ng st 20 thng 7 nm 1885: khai trng tuyn ng st Si Gn M Tho02 thng 10 nm 1936: khnh thnh tuyn ng st Bc-Nam (t H Ni n Si Gn di 1726kmTng chiu di ni lin cc khu dn c: 2600 km, xuyn qua 35/64 tnh thnhNi lin ng st Trung Quc qua 2 tuyn: Vn Nam-Trung Quc qua tnh Lo Cai v qua tnh Qung Ty-Trung Quc qua tnh Lng SnTin nghi: gh dc, gh cng, gh mm, ging cng, ging mm Tu cht lng cao: 5 Star ExpressChng 2: Vn chuyn ng b

Vit Nam c 15 tuyn chnh:

H Ni Si Gn: 1726,2 km Gia Lm Hi Phng: 95,7 km H Ni ng ng: 163,3 km Yn Vin Lo Cai: 285 km ng Anh Thi Nguyn: 54,7 km Kp Lu X: 56,7 km Kp H Long: 105 km Ch Linh Ph Li: 14,9 km Bc Hng Vn in: 49,2 km Mai Pha Nam Dng: 29,6 km Cu Git Ngha n: 30 km Diu Tr Quy Nhn: 10,8 km Lt - Tri Mt: 7,68 km Ph L Kin Kh: 6,9 km Mng Mn Phan Thit: 12 km

Mc tiu pht trin n 2020:Giao thng vn ti ng st cn chim t trng 25% - 30% v tn v tn - km, 20% - 25% v hnh khch v hnh khch - km trong tng khi lng vn ti ca ton ngnh giao thng vn ti n nm 2020 c t trng vn chuyn hnh khch th bng ng st t t nht l 20% khi lng hnh khch ti cc thnh ph H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh. Hon thnh vic nng cp cc tuyn ng st t cp k thut quc gia v khu vc, xy dng thm mt ng thnh ng i v in kh ha cc tuyn H Ni - Vinh, Si Gn - Nha Trang, tip tc xy dng cc tuyn ng st mi to thnh mng li ng st ng b, hon chnh t tiu chun hin i. Trn trc Bc - Nam, ngoi tuyn ng st Thng Nht hin c cn xy dng thm mt tuyn ng i ring bit chy tu khch cao tc Bc - Nam kh ng 1.435 mm gim thi gian chy tu t H Ni n thnh ph H Ch Minh xung di 10 gi v c kh nng kt ni vi ng st lin vn quc t. Tip tc xy dng ng st vnh ai, ni cc thnh ph H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh v mt s thnh ph ln khc to thnh mng li giao thng th hon chnh v ng b.D kin nhu cu vn u t cho c s h tng ng st n nm 2020 l 98.051 t VN.

Mng li ng st Vit Nam vi tng chiu di 2.600 km ni lin cc khu dn c, trung tm vn ho nng nghip v cng nghip tr khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long.

H thng bn v tu la Phng v trc tip ti ga, qua i l du lchBn v qua in thaiBn v qua Internet V in t, v giyPhng thc tr tin: tin mt, sc, th tn dng, chuyn khan, cng n.-Lin kt gia xe metro v xe byt ni thnh- Lin kt gia xe la v my bayChng 2: Vn chuyn ng b

Cc lai vn chuyn c s hng dn khc hin nay:

Hng dn vin (phc v cho du lch, khm ph, thm him, nghin cu )

S dng nga, la, voi, lc , ch : (phc v cho du lch, khm ph, thm him, nghin cu )

Chng 2: Vn chuyn ng b

Vit Nam : l mt trong 10 nc c mng li sng dy c nht th gii h thng ng thy rt phong ph gm hn 2.360 sng v knh rch, vi tng chiu di 42.000 km hn 3.200 km b bin Ghe thng, ghe g, ghe bng composite, xung c mc, ca-n, , thuyn, tu, ph, to thnh mt h thng vn chuyn ng thy t thnh th n nng thn, gp phn vo vic vn chuyn hng ha v hnh khch. Ch ni ( vng Min Ty Nam B )Chng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng

I - Khi qut tnh hnh sng ngi Vit Nam Nc ta c h thng sng knh rt ln bao gm 2.300 con sng, knh ln nh, vi chiu di tng s khong 198.000 Km. Trong c th a vo khai thc s dng khong 41.000 Km tp trung ch yu hai vng ng bng : Bc B v Nam B .

Mng li sng v knh o chy qua hu ht cc thnh ph, th x, cc trung tm kinh t ln... to thnh cc trc giao thng ht sc thun tin vi tim nng vn ti thu rt phong ph. Hin nay Cc ng sng Vit Nam c B Giao thng vn ti trc tip qun l 6.391,4 Km sng, knh trn ton quc thuc 03 h thng sng ln l Hng - Thi Bnh (min Bc), Cu Long (min Nam) v cc sng, m ph thuc 7 tnh min Trung. Chng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng

II.Mt gii hn 1/ T nhiu nm nay, cc dng sng, con knh tuy c a vo qun l, khai thc, nhng ch yu vn l tn dng iu kin t nhin sn c. Nn ma ma lng nc chy xit, trong khi ma kh th cn mt s ni. 2/ S lng cng, bn sng nhiu, nm dc trn cc tuyn sng v knh rch, nhng pht trin ty tin, khng c quy hoch tng th.3/ Cc loi tu vn ti ng thy tuy s lng ln, phong ph v chng loi, a dng v knh thc nhng vn l nhng phng tin c sc ch nh, cng sut thp, tm hot ng hn ch v an ton khng cao. 4/ Cc doanh nghip khai thc vn chuyn ng thy c quy m nh, cha c s hp tc vi nhau trong khai thc vn chuyn. 5/ Ngnh vn chuyn ng thy ang thiu nhng doanh nghip ln, c tim lc kinh t, i u trong vic i mi phng tin, cng ngh, pht trin cc dch v v m rng th trng. 6/ Ngun vn ngn sch nh nc cp cho vic duy tu v bo tr cc tuyn sng cng cn hn ch. Chng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng

Chng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng Mt s loi hnh du lch bng ng sng ph bin trn th gii : du lch khm ph : hnh trnh bng ng sng, khm ph mt thnh ph, mt hn o, mt vng du lch nh hng : phc v n ung trn tu du lch theo ch : trn tu c nh hng, phng ngh, biu din ngh thut, tham quan, du lch theo dng sng ln, nhiu ngy du lch hi tho : dng tu nh mt ni hi ngh, hp, tng kt,

Du lch ng sng v dch v 1/ Mt cuc i do trn sng - C hng dn, c th bng nhiu th ting - Dnh cho tr em - C hng dn v gii thch chuyn su

2/ Mt chuyn i do v n tra - n tra - Kt hp m nhc - Qu tng

Chng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng

3/ Mt chuyn i do v n ti - n ti - Kt hp khiu v / discotheque- Kt hp m nhc, qu tng v bi din vn hi ngh- m Noel - Ngy Tnh Yu - Qu tng cho khch hng bng voucher 4/ Du lch ng sng theo yu cu5/ Nh hng, c ph ngay b sng 6/ Ca hng lu nimChng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng

Chng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng V d: Paris m t tnh trn sngXe sang trng n tn niHoa hng, ru champagne n violon v piano ti bnThc n phong phQuay phim, chp hnh lu nim

i tng phc v C nhn: - Tham quan- i do c tr em - Hai ngi- Ba n gia nh * n tra * n ti* Phc v m nhc- n mng s kin - Qu tng Chng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng

Gio vin / ngnh gio dc T chc mt cuc tham quan : - Mu gio * cuc i do dnh cho tr em- Cp 1, tiu hc- Cp 2- Cp 3* cuc i do c hng dn, gii thch chuyn suChng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng

Cng ty - n tra hay n ti trn tu- T chc s kin- Hi ngh, hp- Lin hoan, thng (du lch qu tng)- Du lch theo yu cu

Chng 3: Vn chuyn ng sng

2 loihnh : Du lch ng bin di ngy hoc nhng chuyn i ngn ngy Phn bitDu lch c in : hnh trnh c (hoc khng) gh vo cng, i vo nhng ngy c nh hay ty chng trnh Du lch ngn ngy : t 2 n 6 ngy Du lch+tham quan : chuyn du hnh c th dng li mt cng no trong vi ngy cho 1 chuyn tham quan, v tip tc vi nhng chuyn tu tip theo.Du lch kt hp : hng khng-ng bin. Du lch theo ch : ngh thut (m nhc, kch, khm ph vn ho ngh thut,)Du lch kinh doanh : hi tho, lin hoan, hpChng 4: Vn chuyn ng bin

Mt gii hn:

Hu ht cc cng bin nc ta hin l cng hng ho, cha c cng chuyn dng phc v n khch tu bin. Nhiu tutrng ti ln khng cp c vo b, khchphi di chuynbng can hoc tu du lch nh vo b.=> iu nyva mt thi gian, va khng m bo an ton cho du khch.

Chnh v th, cc tu khch du lch nc ngoi vo Vit Nam thi gian qua ch yu di dng qu cnh, sau tip tc hnh trnh i nc khc. Thi gian tham quan, lu tr ti cc cng bin rt ngn, bnh qun ch 2-3 ngy, ti 1-2 cng. Nhiu tu ch neo u 8-24 ting ti mi cng. => Du khch khng c nhiu c hi tham quan, gii tr, mua sm ti cc im du lch nn hiu qu khai thc loi hnh du lch ny rt hn ch. Do cha ch trng u t trang thit b ti cng: nh ch cho khch, nh lm th tc xut nhp cnh, trang thit b kim tra hnh l, xe chuyn ch hnh l...nn phn ln vn theo cch th cng. Dch v ti cng nh thng tin lin lc, i tin, ca hng min thu, cc phng tin a n khch, h thng v sinh cng cng...cha p ng nhu cu ca s lng ln khch tu bin. Chng 4: Vn chuyn ng bin

Hin nay, hu ht dch v vui chi gii tr, bn hng ti cng phn nhiu mang tnh t pht. T , dn n tnh trng ln xn, nh hng tiu cc n hnh nh du lch Vit Nam. y l nhng hn ch ln nht ang cn tr c hi thu ht khch tu bin vo Vit Nam.

Thi gian qua, lng khch du lch tu bin vo Vit Nam chim t phn rt nh trong tng lng khch quc t vo Vit Nam. 6 thng u nm nay, s khch quc t vo Vit Nam i bng ng bin ch chim 5%, trong khi ng b l 16% v hng khng l 78%. Tuy nhin, dng khch du lch tu bin n VN du lch ngy cng ng, vt ngng 224.000 khch nm 2006, d bo ln 300.000 ltnm 2007. Cc cng TP.HCM, Nng, Nha Trang, H Long... lin tc n nhng on khch ln, t 500 - 1.000 khch. => Vit Nam c th tr thnh mt trong nhng im n hng u v du lch tu bin trong khu vc.

Chng 4: Vn chuyn ng bin

Tp trung quy hoch, u t xy dng v nng cp c s h tng s l nhn t quyt nh cho vic thu ht cc hng tu bin cng nh khch du lch : cng Si Gn, Ph Quc, Cn o, Nha Trang, Nng, H Long Cc cng bin phi c khu vc dnh ring cho hnh khch v cc hot ng ca tu (cung cp lng thc, nc, sa cha v bo tr... )C ga hnh khch hin i vi y tin nghi v dch v cn thit (phng check in, phng ch, in thoi, ca hng mua sm, phng lm th tc xut nhp cnh, hi quan, i tin, dch v lin i...), c bi u xe gn khu vc cng,ckios cung cp thng tin du lch...Bn cnh , nn p dng chnh sch tng cng min visa cho khch du lch ng bin, k c nhng khch n bng ng bin v xut cnh bng ng khng hoc ng b. Chng 4: Vn chuyn ng bin

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