Dng 1: Cht in li Phng trnh in li

CHNG I: S IN LI.CHT IN LIDng 1: Cht in li Phng trnh in li.Bi 1: a. Cht in li l g? Cht in li gm nhng cht no?

b. Th no l cht in li mnh? Th no l cht in li yu?

c. Cho cc cht sau:HNO3, NaOH, H3PO4, K2CO3, H2S, Ba(OH)2, HClO, HNO2, CH4, C2H5OH, NaCl, Cu(OH)2, Al(OH)3, ng saccaroz ( C12H22O11), Cl2, HCl, H2SO4, SO2. Cht no l cht in li mnh? cht no l cht in li yu? cht no k0 in li?Vit PTL ca cc cht in li.

Bi 2: Vit cng thc ca cc cht m khi in li to ra cc ion.a. K+ v CO32-

b. NH4+ v PO43-

c. Al3+ v SO42-.

d. Fe3+ v Cl-

e. Cu2+ v NO3- f. Ba2+ v OH-g. H+ v SO42-

h. Na+ v OH-

k. H+ v Br-.

Bi 3: Vit PTL ca cc cht sau:

a. Axit mnh: HNO3, HCl, H2SO4 .

b. Baz mnh: NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2.c. Mui tan: CuSO4, BaCl2, Na2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, Al(NO3)3, KMnO4, AgNO3, Fe2(SO4)3, K3PO4, Na2SO3.

d. Axit yu: H3PO4, HClO, HNO2, H2S, CH3COOH.Dng 2: Tnh nng ion c trong dung dch.( Tnh nng ion ca cc cht in li mnh.

Bi 4: Tnh [ion] cc cht co trong dung dch sau y:

a. dd Ba(OH)2 0,01M.

b. Ha tan 4,9g H2SO4 vo nc thu c 200 ml dung dch.

c. Ha tan 8,96 lit kh hidro clorua (kc) vo nc c 250ml.

d. Dd Cu(NO3)2 0,3 M.

e. Ha tan 12,5g CuSO4.5H2O vo nc thu c 500 ml dd.

Bi 5: Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5 M cha s mol H+ bng s mol H+ c trong 0,3 lit dd HNO3 0,2M.

Bi 6: Tnh th V(l) HCl 0,5 M cha s mol H+ bng s mol H+ c trong 300g dd H2SO4 1M ( d = 1,2g/ml).

Bi 7: Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 1M cha s mol OH- bng s mol OH- c trong 0,2 lit dd NaOH 0,5M.

Bi 8: Trn 500ml dd NaOH 5M vi 200 ml dd NaOH 30% (d = 1,33 g/ml). Tnh [OH-] c trong dd thu c?Bi 9: Trn 200ml dd Ca(NO3)2 0,5M vi 300ml dd KNO3 2M. Tnh nng mol/lit ca cc ion c trong dung dch sau khi trn.

Dng 3: p dng nh lut bo ton in tch.Bi 11: Mt dd cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+ , c mol Cl- v d mol NO3-. Tm biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d?Bi 12: Mt dd cha x mol Na+, y mol Ca2+ , z mol HCO3- v t mol Cl-. Tm biu thc lin h gia x, y, z, t?

Bi 13: Mt dd cha Na+ (0,9 mol), SO42-(0,1mol), K+(0,1mol) v NO3- ( x mol). Ga tr ca x l bao nhiu? Tnh khi lng rn thu c khi c cn.Bi 14:Mt dd cha K+ (0,4 mol),Ca2+ (0,3mol) v Cl- (x mol).Tm x?Tnh khi lng rn thu c khi c cnBi 15: Mt dung dch cha Fe2+( 0,1 mol), Al3+ ( 0,2 mol), Cl- ( x mol), SO42- ( y mol). Bit rng khi c cn dung dch v lm khan thi thu c 46,9g cht rn khan. Tm gi tr ca x v y?Bi 16: Mt dung dch Ca2+ ( 0,03mol), SO42- (0,09 mol), Al3+ (0,06 mol), NO3-( 0,06 mol). Mun c c dung dch trn phi ha tan 2 loi mui no?Bi 17:Mt dung dch c cha cc ion: Mg2+, Cl-, Br-.

Nu cho dd ny tc dng vi dd KOH d th thu c 11,6 gam kt ta.

Nu cho dd ny tc dng vi AgNO3 th cn va ng 200 ml dd AgNO3 2,5M v sau phn ng thu c 85,1 g kt ta.

a. Tnh [ion] trong dd u? bit Vdd = 2 lt.

b. C cn dung dch ban u th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn?Bi 18: 100 ml dung dch X c cha cc ion: Cu2+, Na+, SO42-.

lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ trong dung dch X cn 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,4M.

lm kt ta ht ion SO42- trong dung dch X cn 30 ml dung dch BaCl2 1M. Khi c cn 100ml dd X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui.Bi 19:Mt dung dch A gm 0,03 mol Mg2+, 0,06 mol Al3+, 0,06 mol NO3-, 0,09 mol SO42-. Mun c dung dch A cn ha tan 2 mui no vo nc v khi lng mi mui l bao nhiu gam?

AXIT BAZ MUIDng 4: axit baz mui .

Bi 21: nh ngha axit , baz theo thuyt Arniut? Mi nh ngha cho 1 v d bng PTL.

Bi 22: a. Th no l axit 1 nc, axit nhiu nc? bng PTL chng minh H3PO4 l axit 3 nc.

b. Th no l baz 1 nc, baz nhiu nc? ? bng PTL chng minh Mg(OH)2 l baz 2 nc.

c. Hidroxit lng tnh l g ?bng PTL C/m Be(OH)2 , Zn(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 , Cr(OH)3 l hidroxit lng tnh.

Bi 23: a. nh ngha mui? bng PTL cho 2 v d?b. Th no l mui trung ha? bng PTL cho 1 v d

c. Th no l mui axit? bng PTL cho 1 v d.Bi 24: Vit phng trnh in li ca: a. Mui trung ha: CH3COONa, FeCl3, K2CO3, NH4NO3, Al2(SO4)3.

b. Mui axit: NaHSO4, KHCO3, Ca(HSO3)2, Na2HPO4.

c. Mui phc : [Ag(NH3)2]Cl, [Cu(NH3)4]SO4.

Bi 25: Vit PTP di dng phn t v ion rt gn ca dd NaHCO3 ln lt P vi tng dd: H2SO4, KOH.Trong mi phn ng ion HCO3- ng vai tr l axit hay baz.

Dng 5: Ton axit baz.

( Mt axit + mt baz.

Bi 26: trung ha 20ml dd HCl cn dng 50ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,5M.

a. Tnh CM ca dd HCl?

b. Tnh [ion] trong dd thu c?Bi 27: Trn 15ml dd NaOH 2M vi 15ml dd H2SO4 1,5M. Tnh [ion] trong dd thu c?

Bi 28: 150 ml dd KOH vo 50 ml dd H2SO4 1M th dd tr thanh d baz. C cn dd sau phn ng th thu c 11,5g cht rn, tinh CM ca dd KOH ban u?Bi 29: Trn ln 100ml dd KOH 1M vi 100ml dd KOH 0,5M c dd D.

a. Tnh [OH-] c trong dd D.

b. Tnh th tch dd H2SO4 trung ha dd D.Bi 30: Cho mt lng dd H2SO4 10% tc dng va vi 16g CuO thu c 80ml dd mui.Tnh C% v CM ca dd mui?

( Hn hp (axit + baz) .

Bi 31: Tnh CM ca dd H2SO4 v dd NaOH, bit rng:

+ 30 ml dd H2SO4 c trung ha ht bi 20ml dd NaOH v 10ml dd KOH 1M.+ 30 ml dd NaOH c trung ha ht bi 20ml dd H2SO4 v 5ml dd HCl 1M.

Bi 32: Trn 200ml dd HCl 0,1M vi 100ml dd HNO3 0,1M thu c dd A. Tnh th tch dd Ba(OH)2 0,02M cn dng trung ha va ng 100ml dd A.

Bi 33: Cho 400ml dd gm HNO3 0,2M v HCl 0,5M trung ha va vi V ml dd X gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Tnh gi tr ca V ml?Bi 34: Tnh th tch dd A cha ng thi 2 axit HCl 0,4M v H2SO4 0,3M cn dng trung ha 200 ml dd B cha ng thi NaOH 2M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M ?

( Ton hidroxit lng tnh.Bi 35: Chia 19,8g Zn(OH)2 lm 2 phn bng nhau:Phn 1: Cho vo 100 ml dd H2SO4 1M.Phn 2: Cho vo 150 ml dd NaOH 1M.Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng mi phn?

Bi 36: Chia 19,8g Al(OH)3 lm 2 phn bng nhau:

Phn 1: Cho vo 200 ml dd H2SO4 1M.

Phn 2: Cho vo 50 ml dd NaOH 1M.Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng mi phn?

Bi 37:Cho 100ml dd AlCl3 1M T/d vi 100 ml dd NaOH 3,5M. Tnh CM cc cht trong dd thu c sau P?Bi 38: Mt lng Al(OH)3 tc dng va vi 0,3 lit dd HCl 1M. lam tan ht lng Al(OH)3 ny cn dng bao nhiu ml dd KOH 14% ( d = 1,128g/ml).

( Cc loi ton khc.

Bi 39: Cho 12g MgSO4 vo nc thu c 0,5 lit dd.

a. Tnh [ion] trong dung dch?

b. Tnh th tch dd NaOH 1M lm kt ta ht ion Mg2+ trong dd?

Bi 40: Ha tan 80g CuSO4 vo lng nc va c 500 ml dd.

a. Tnh [ion] c trong dung dch?

b. Tnh V dung dch KOH 0,5M lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ ?

c. Tnh V dung dch BaCl2 0,25M lm kt ta ht ion SO42- ?

Bi 41: Ha tan hon ton 7,8g hn hp Mg v Al bng dd HCl va th thu c 0,8g H2 v dd A.a. Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi c cn dd A?

b. Cho t t dd KOH 2M vo dd A. Tnh th tch dung dch KOH ti thiu cn dng thu c kt ta cc iS IN LI CA NC pH CHT CH TH AXIT BAZ.

Dng 6: Ton pH.Loi 1: pH ca axit mnh hoc baz mnh.Bi 42: Tnh pH ca dung dch sau:

a. dd H2SO4 0,0005M ( coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c 2 nc).

b. 0,5 lit dd HCl c ha tan 224 ml kh HCl ktc.

c. Ly 10 ml dd HBr 1M pha long thnh 100ml dd.

d. Dd KOH 0,01M.

e. 200 ml dd c cha 0,8g NaOH.f. 400 ml dd cha 3,42g Ba(OH)2 ( in li hon ton c 2 nc).

g. Cho m gam natri vo nc thu c 1,5 lit dd c pH = 13. Tnh m?

h. Cn bao nhiu g NaOH pha ch 250 ml dd c pH = 10.

Bi 43: Tnh nng mol/l ca cc dd.

a. dd HCl c pH = 1.

b. dd H2SO4 c pH = 4.

c. dd KOH c pH = 11.

d. dd Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13.Loi 2: Pha long dung dch hoc pha trn dd khng c phn ng xy ra ( phng php ng cho).Bi 45: Pha long bng nc dd NaOH c pH = 12 bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch c pH = 11.Bi 46: Tnh pH ca dung dch sau:

a. Trn 100 ml dd HNO3 0,8M vi 100 ml dd HNO3 0,2M.

b. Trn 100 ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,1M vi 100 ml dd KOH 0,1M.Loi 47: Pha trn dung dch c phn ng xy ra.Bi 48: Ha tan 2,4 g Mg trong 150 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Dung dch thu c c pH bng bao nhiu?

Bi 49: Trn 100 ml dd HCl 1,2 M vi 100ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,5M c dd D. Tnh pH ca dd D? (Coi Ca(OH)2 in li hon ton c 2 nc)Bi 50: Trn 200 ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,1M vi 100ml dd H2SO4 0,3M . Tnh pH ca dd thu c? (Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c 2 nc)

Bi 51:Trn nhng th tch bng nhau ca dd HNO3 0,01M v dd NaOH 0,02M. Tnh pH ca dd thu c?Bi 52: Cho 100 ml dd H2SO4 c pH = 2 tc dng vi 100 ml dd NaOH 0,01M. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion v pH ca dd sau phn ng?( coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c 2 nc).Bi 53: Trn 500 ml dd NaOH 0,006M vi 500 ml dd H2SO4 0,002 M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c? ( coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c 2 nc).

Bi 54: Tnh V ml dd HCl 0,094M cn cho vo 200ml dd NaOH 0,2M thu c dung dch c pH = 2.Bi 55: Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c p H = 13 (dd A). Dung dch HCl c pH = 1 (dd B).

a. Tnh CM ca A v B ?( coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c 2 nc).

b. Trn 2,25 lt dd A vi 2,75 lt dd B. Tnh pH ca dd thu c?

Bi 56: Trn X l dd H2SO4 0,02M vi Y l dd NaOH 0,035M thu c dd Z c pH = 2.Tnh t l v th tch gia dd X v dd Y? ( coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c 2 nc).

Bi 57: Tnh V ml dd KOH 0,1M cn dng trung ha 10 ml dd X gm 2 axit HCl v HNO3 c pH = 2 ?Bi 58: Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1,8M cn cho vo 0,5 lit dd H2SO4 1M thu c dung dch c pH = 13.( coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c 2 nc).

Bi 59: Trn 100 ml dd NaOH c pH = 12 vi 100ml dd H2SO4 thu c dd c pH = 2. Tnh CM ca dd H2SO4 ban u?

Bi 60: Cho 40 ml dd HCl 0,75 M vo 160 ml dd cha ng thi Ba(OH)2 0,08M v KOH 0,04 M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c?Bi 61: Trn 300 ml dd cha ng thi NaOH 0,1 M v Ba(OH)2 0,025M vi 200 ml dd H2SO4 c nng x mol/l thu c m g kt ta v 500 ml dd c pH = 2. Hy tnh m v x?(coi H2SO4 v Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c 2 nc).Bi 62: Trn 250 ml dd cha ng thi HCl 0,08 M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dd Ba(OH)2 c nng x mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dd c pH = 12. Hy tnh m v x?(coi H2SO4 v Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c 2 nc).

Bi 63: Trn 200 ml dd X cha ng thi HCl 0,01 M v H2SO4 0,025M vi 300 ml dd Y cha ng thi Ba(OH)2 0,02M v NaOH 0,015M. Tnh pH ca dd thu c.(coi H2SO4 v Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c 2 nc).PHN NG TRAO I ION

TRONG DUNG DCH CHT IN LI.Dng 7: Vit phn ng trao i ionBi 64: Nu cc iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li. Ly v d minh ha mi iu kin bng phng trnh ion rt gn?Loi 1: T phng trnh phn t suy ra ion y v ion rt gn.Bi 65: Vit phng trnh phn t, phng trnh ion y v phng trnh ion rt gn cho cc phn ng sau?(nu c).1.FeSO4 + NaOH

2.Fe2(SO4)3 + NaOH 3.(NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 4. NaF + AgNO3

5.Na2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2

6.NaHCO3 + HCl

7.NaHCO3 + NaOH

8.Pb(OH)2 ( r ) + HNO3

9.Pb(OH)2 ( r ) + NaOH

10.BaCl2 + AgNO3

11. Cu(NO3)2 + Na2SO412.CaCO3 + H2SO4

13. CaO + HCl

14. Pb(NO3)2 + H2S

15 Mg(OH)2 + HCl16. K2CO3 + NaCl

17. Al(OH)3 + HNO318. Al(OH)3 + NaOH

19. NaNO3 + CuSO

Loi 2: T phng trnh ion vit phng trnh phn t.

Bi 72: Vit phng trnh phn t ca cc phn ng c phng trnh ion rt gn sau:

a. Ag+ + Br- ( AgBr

b. Pb2+ + 2OH- ( Pb(OH)2

c. CH3COO- + H+ ( CH3COOH

d. S2- + 2H+ ( H2S.e. CO32- + 2H+ ( CO2 + H2Of. SO42- + Ba2+ ( BaSO4g. HS- + H+ ( H2Sh. Pb2+ + S2- ( PbSk.H+ + OH- ( H2O.

l.HCO3- + OH- ( CO2 + H2O.

m.2H+ + Cu(OH)2 ( Cu2+ + H2O.

n.Al(OH)3 + OH- ( AlO2- + 2H2

Loi 3: in khuyt phn ng.Bi 73: Vit PTPT v ion rt gn cho cc phn ng theo s sau:

a. MgCl2 + ? ( MgCO3( + ?

b. Ca3(PO4)2 + ? ( ? + CaSO4c. ? + KOH ( ? + Fe(OH)3(d. ? + H2SO4 ( ? + CO2 + H2O

e. FeS + ? ( ? + FeCl2.f. Fe2(SO4)3 + ? ( K2SO4 + ?g. BaCO3 + ? ( Ba(NO3)2 + ?h. K3PO4 + ? ( Ag3PO4 + ?Dng 9: Xc nh dung dch mui.Bi 76: C 2 dung dch, mi dd cha 1 cation v 1 anion ( khng trng lp) trong cc ion sau: SO42-, Ba2+, Cu2+, NO3-. Xc nh 2 dung dch?Bi 77: C 3 dung dch, mi dd cha 1 cation v 1 anion ( khng trng lp) trong cc ion sau: SO42-, Na+, Fe3+, NO3-, CO32-, Mg2+. Xc nh 2 dung dch?

Bi 78: C 4 dung dch, mi dd cha 1 cation v 1 anion ( khng trng lp) trong cc ion sau: SO42-, Ba2+, Na+, NO3-, Mg2+, Pb2+, Cl-, CO32-. Xc nh 4 dung dch?

Bi 79: Trong 3 dung dch c cc loi ion sau: SO42-, Ba2+, Na+, NO3-, Mg2+, CO32-. Mi dung dch cha 1 cation v 1 anion.

a. Cho bit l 3 dung dch no? ( cng thc, gi tn).

b. Hy chn 1 axit thch hp phn bit 3 l ng dd trn.

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