pharaoh manual pdf

Credits

Designer Chris Beatrice

Producers Greg SheppardKen Parker

Director of Technology Mike Gingerich

Art Director Darrin Horbal

Programmers Jason BenhamJim Solomon

Gabe FarrisChris Gurski

Scott Delekta

Lead Artist Heidi Mann

Lead Animator Mike Malone

Artists Dennis RoseAndrea Muzeroll

Bob CurtisBrian DespainKate Saparoff

Ron AlpertAdam Carriuolo

Music Keith ZizzaHenry Beckett

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Sound Ed Saltzman

Writer Lisa Gagnon

Additional Design Doug GonyaTony Leier

Quality Assurance Manager Jon Payne

Lead Tester Tony Leier

Testers Clay HeatonChris Bold

Chris DixonHans Wang

John McAuleyWayne McCaul

Brett Levin

Scenario Creators Clay HeatonTony LeierBrett Levin

John McAuleyWayne McCaul

Ken ParkerJon Payne

Greg Sheppard

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Egypt Welcomes You ....................................................9A Quick Historical Note......................................10A Note on Usage................................................. 10Traveler’s Journal..................................................10

Getting Started .............................................................13Installing Pharaoh on the PC ...............................13Starting the Game on the PC...............................14Installing the Game on the Mac ..........................15Starting the Game on the Mac.............................15After Pharaoh Launches .......................................15Your Family...........................................................16Continuing History...............................................16Missions and Mission Briefings.............................17Setting a Difficulty Level.......................................17Your Place in the World.......................................18Losing the Game ...................................................19Scoring ...................................................................19Other Options......................................................20In-Game Help ......................................................21

Playing Pharaoh...........................................................23The Control Panel ................................................23The Menu Bar....................................................... 28Keyboard Controls...............................................28For Players of Caesar III .......................................31

Housing, Roads and Drinking Water .........................35Your City Site........................................................35The Kingdom Road ..............................................37Principles Guiding Construction .........................37Clearing Land ........................................................38Building Roads ......................................................38

4 Table of Contents

Building Housing.................................................40Housing Evolution ...............................................41Goods and Services...............................................42Desirability ............................................................42Wells and Water Supplies.....................................43

People and Employment ............................................47Attracting Immigrants.........................................47City Sentiment......................................................47Finding Workers...................................................49People of the City................................................50Unemployment ....................................................53Labor Shortages ....................................................54Managing Labor ...................................................55Scribes ...................................................................57

Farming and Food Production ...................................59The Nile, the Inundation and the Nilometer.....59Building Food and Farming Structures...............60Flood Plain Farming and Work Camps..............60Meadow Farming..................................................62Irrigation and Water Lifts.................................... 63Crop Types ............................................................65Other Food Sources..............................................65

Industry........................................................................ 69Types of Industries................................................69Storage...................................................................77Running Efficient Industries ................................78

Commerce and Trade ..................................................81Granaries................................................................81Storage Yards ........................................................84Bazaars ...................................................................86Planning an Efficient Distribution System..........88Trade ......................................................................91

5Table of Contents

Entertainment ............................................................159Building Entertainment Structures ....................159Entertainment Venues........................................159Measuring Entertainment Access ......................162

Education....................................................................165

The Military, Combat and Defense ...........................169Raising an Army..................................................169Weapons, Chariots and their Manufacture .......177Commissioning a Navy ......................................177Defensive Structures............................................184Enemies................................................................185Kingdom Service .................................................187Overseer of the Military .....................................187World Map ..........................................................188

Ratings ........................................................................191

Managing Your City...................................................197Your Overseers ....................................................197Overlays ..............................................................203View....................................................................209Overview Map ....................................................209World Map ........................................................210Citizens ..............................................................210Messages ..............................................................211

A New Egypt Thrives ................................................213

Designer’s Notes .......................................................215

Appendices ................................................................220Appendix 1: Building Summary........................222Appendix 2: A Brief History of Egypt...............235

7Table of Contents

Municipal Functions....................................................97Constables and Magistrates..................................97City Sentiment and Crime ...................................99Other Security Issues..........................................100Structural Flaws.................................................. 100Fire Prevention....................................................101Palaces..................................................................101Taxes and Money ...............................................102Mansions.............................................................107Your Salary..........................................................108Roadblocks..........................................................109Water Crossings ..................................................110Beautification ......................................................113

Religion and the Gods................................................117The Gods of Egypt...............................................117Patron Gods and Local Deities ...........................118Religious Buildings ..............................................119Temple Complexes, Altars and Oracles .............120Festivals and Festival Squares .............................124

Monuments................................................................129Building Monuments..........................................129Construction Guilds ...........................................130Work Camps .......................................................130Construction Foreman and

Overseer of Monuments .............................131Monuments.........................................................132Burial Provisions..................................................146Monument Building Tips ...................................146

Health .........................................................................151Health Buildings ..................................................151City Health and Health Risks .............................152Infected Housing ................................................155

6 Table of Contents

Standing on the hot, arid sand, you look towardsthe little settlement that you call home. In thebackground, the mighty Nile flows by, and along

its muddy banks all manner of vegetation grows, evensome small farms that some in your city have planted.Your family has lived and died along the river for gen-erations, eking out an existence from what the land hasto offer.

Yet, change is in the hot, arid air. A charismatic leaderhas arisen. His dream is first to unite all the settlementsin the region, and then unite all of Egypt. As youponder this dream, you have a vision: a thriving citystretches out before you. Abundant farms feed a hun-gry citizenry. Thousands tend to their daily tasks —protecting the city, ensuring its wealth, educating itsyouth, worshiping its gods, tending to its dead. Thevoices of your people float in the breeze and reverber-ate through the streets.

Inspired by your vision, you commit yourself to help-ing achieve the dream of a united Egypt. You instill inyour children the magic of the vision, for you know itmay take generations to achieve.

To realize your vision, you must learn the intricacies ofthe Nile. The Nile is the source of life in Egypt, andits floods bring renewal to the land every year. Learnto manage these floods, and you will make the most ofthis indispensable resource.

Some basic skills will help you achieve your dream.Some of them may be learned through reading thefollowing pages; others you will have to discover foryourself.

Egypt Welcomes You

11Egypt Welcomes You

May the gods smile upon you as you proceed alongyour way!

AA QQuuiicckk HHiissttoorriiccaall NNootteeThe action in Pharaoh takes place roughly between3,200 BC and 1,300 BC. While Pharaoh is not a strict-ly historical game, events in ancient Egyptian historydo shape its structure. Refer to Appendix 2: A BriefHistory of Egypt, starting on page 235, to learn a littleabout the history of ancient Egypt and to understandthe context for some of the events in the game.

AA NNoottee oonn UUssaaggee Throughout this text, you’ll see the word “info-click”used. Info-click means different things to differentpeople. For PC users, info-click means right-click(click your right mouse button). For Mac users, info-click means command-click (click your mouse buttonwhile holding down the command key). If you are aMac user with a two-button mouse, info-click stillmeans command-click, unless you map the rightmouse button to the command key.

TTrraavveelleerr’’ss JJoouurrnnaallAs we were researching ancient Egypt, we found a rarepapyrus containing a journal written by an ancientmerchant who traveled to Egypt. The journal isexcerpted throughout this manual in gray boxes, likethe one on the facing page.

10 Egypt Welcomes You

Arriving in EgyptAhket, 12th year of RamessesMorningDear Journal,

My first trip to Egypt — and as we sailed up the Nile I knew onething for certain: I wasn't in Syria anymore.The Nile itself is unlike any river I've everseen. The first thing I noticed was therefreshingly cool breeze blowing from thenorth, cutting through the heat of the day.The captain of the boat, who had been toEgypt before on trade missions, told me thatthe locals call this breeze the Breath of Ra.

The captain certainly knew how tosteer the ship. He successfully guided usthrough the moving maze that is the Nile.Trade ships, much like our own, clog thewaterway bringing their bounty from exoticlocales. Fishing boats hauling in the day'scatch made their way to the docks, andsmall rafts piloted by local citizens dartedbetween the larger vessels. Peals of laughterpoured out from a luxury yacht, where someof the city's wealthiest residents were enjoy-ing a pleasant cruise. Ferries conveyed peo-ple, animals and goods from one side of theriver to the other. Crocodiles and hip-popotamusespatrolled theriver, lookingfor a meal.The captainadeptlymaneuveredour boatthrough allthese obstaclesuntil we final-ly reached ourdestination:Waset.

IInnssttaalllliinngg PPhhaarraaoohh oonn tthhee PPCCWith Windows running on your computer, place thePharaoh CD into your CD-ROM drive. In a few sec-onds, Windows’ AutoPlay feature should display ascreen with four buttons: Play, Install, Uninstall andQuit. Click “Install” to begin.

Should AutoPlay not work on your computer, doubleclick (click twice quickly) on the “My Computer” iconon your desktop. Find the icon for your CD-ROMdrive and double-click on it. In the menu that appears,find the item called “Setup.exe.” Double click on it tostart the installation.

The Install program then automatically chooses a filepath for Pharaoh. If you want to designate your ownpath for Pharaoh, click “Browse” and pick a location.Otherwise, click “Next” to continue the installation.

You’ll be asked to choose among Small, Medium andLarge Installs. Each version offers the full features ofthe game; the difference will be the speed of the game.The Full Install puts the entire game on your harddrive. It takes up the most room, but offers the bestperformance. Laptop users will especially appreciatethe ability to remove the CD after the initial copy-pro-tection check. The Medium Install puts the mostcommonly used elements on your hard drive and takesup less room than the Large Install. The Small Installputs only basic elements on your hard drive and runsthe rest of the game’s features from the CD. It takes upthe least room on your hard drive.

Installing Pharaoh can take as long as ten minutes.Once the program is installed, you will see a box

Getting Started

15

IInnssttaalllliinngg tthhee GGaammee oonn tthhee MMaaccFirst, place the Pharaoh CD into your CD-ROM drive.Double-click on the icon that appears on your desk-top. In the window that pops up, double click on the“Pharaoh Installer” icon. Choose the Small, Mediumor Full installation (click on each to see how much diskspace it requires). Click on your choice and, holdingdown your mouse button, “drag” the icon to a loca-tion displayed in the right-hand panel.

The Small install runs most of the game’s sounds andvideos from the game CD. Choose this if you have lim-ited space on your hard drive. The Medium installplaces the most commonly used media files on yourhard disk. The Full install puts the entire game on yourhard disk for optimum performance.

SSttaarrttiinngg tthhee GGaammee oonn tthhee MMaaccWhen your Macintosh finishes transferring filesfrom the CD to your hard disk, double-click on the folder you just created.Inside, you'll find a Pharaoh icon.Double-click this icon to start the game.You might want to drag this icon toyour computer's desktop to conve-niently start the game later.

AAfftteerr PPhhaarraaoohh LLaauunncchheessOnce you launch the game, a brief moviedescribing the glory of ancient Egypt plays, fol-lowed by credits and the Pharaoh title screen.Click on the title screen, and the Main Menuappears.

Getting Started

detailing the additions Pharaoh made to your startmenu. Pharaoh also offers you the option of addingbookmarks to your internet browser.

At this point, you have the option of reading the“Readme” file. We know you can’t wait to see whatEgypt holds for you, but we do highly recommendreading this file before you start to play the game. Thismanual went to print several weeks before the gamewas finished, and any last minute changes are describedin Readme. Anytime this manual is in conflict withReadme, Readme is correct.

Now, click the “Finish” button. If necessary, Install willupdate some system components. It then mightrestart your computer.

SSttaarrttiinngg tthhee GGaammee oonn tthhee PPCCNow that the game is installed, you can start the gamein one of two ways:

1. Insert the Pharaoh CD into your CD-ROMdrive. When the AutoPlay window opens,click the “Play” button.

2. From your start menu, find the Sierra sub-directory and choose Pharaoh.

PLEASE NOTE: You must have the Phaaraaoh CD inyour CD-ROM drive to start the game. If you chosethe Full Install, you may remove the CD after the gamebegins.

14 Getting Started

From here, you can play Pharaoh, see which familiesare deemed to be the Greatest Families, visit thePharaoh web site, or quit the game.

YYoouurr FFaammiillyyWhen you choose “Play Pharaoh,” a Family Registryscreen appears. The registry lists all the families thathave begun to make their mark in history.

To begin a new game of Pharaoh, found a new family.From the Registry screen, click on “Create Family.”Type in a surname of your choice, or choose from thelist of authentic Egyptian names.

Now, you are ready to make your way through Egypt’shistory. After you have chosen a family name, click“Proceed.” From the Choose Game screen thatappears, click “Begin Family History.” Then, a screenappears which lists the Periods of Egyptian history.Select the first Period, the Pre-Dynastic, then click thebutton in the lower right of thescreen to begin your family’squest.

CCoonnttiinnuuiinngg HHiissttoorryyIf you don’t play the game allthe way through the firsttime (who needs to sleep oreat?), you can pick up whereyou left off later. When youare ready to take a break,choose “Save Game” from theFile Menu. The next timeyou start Pharaoh, chooseyour family’s name from the

Registry Screen. After you do, the Choose Gamescreen appears. Click “Continue History” to resumeyour family’s story.

If you forget to save your game before quitting to takea break, don’t fret. Pharaoh automatically saves yourgame twice per game year, in January and July. Youmight lose some of your more recent history, but notall will be lost. Choose “Load Saved Game” from theChoose Game screen and select “autosave_history” topick up reasonably close to where you left off.

MMiissssiioonnss aanndd MMiissssiioonn BBrriieeffiinnggssThe path leading a united Egypt — and your family —to greatness is a long one with many steps along theway. In Pharaoh, these steps are called missions.

At the start of each mission, a Mission Briefing paneldescribes what you can expect and what you’ll need todo. When you meet the goals outlined in the MissionBriefing, you win the mission and move on to the nextstep.

Missions are grouped into Periods. When you finishthe last mission in a Period, you automatically returnto the screen that lists all the Periods in Egyptian his-tory. You have to play the Periods chronologically(no fair skipping ahead), but you can click on any ofthe Periods for a brief description.

SSeettttiinngg aa DDiiffffiiccuullttyy LLeevveellSet the level of difficulty at which you’d like to playeach mission from the Mission Briefing panel. You canchoose from five difficulty levels, spanning the spec-trum between “Very Easy” and “Very Hard.” You can

17Getting Started16 Getting Started

19Getting Started

change your difficulty level at any time during a mis-sion through the Options menu on the Menu Bar.Keep in mind, though, that lowering your difficultydecreases your score (see page 19).

YYoouurr PPllaaccee iinn tthhee WWoorrllddIt would be difficult to help build and sustain a unitedEgypt if you ignored other cities in the world. Fromtime to time, other cities, and sometimes evenPharaoh, will request your aid. Generally, they ask forgoods or for the services of your military. To foster

18 Getting Started

good relations with your neighbors, you should fulfillthese requests if you can. Your reputation will likelyincrease (see Kingdom Rating, page 194), and Egyptwill be stronger for it.

LLoossiinngg tthhee GGaammeeEven families with the noblest of intentions can meetwith ignominious defeat. If you are attacked by a mil-itary force stronger than your own, you will most like-ly lose the game. Sometimes, your city will beattacked through no fault of your own. The invadingforce might just have their own vision for empire andgreatness. You can, though, trigger an attack by youractions or inactions. For example, if you repeatedlyignore requests for aid, a neighboring city or Pharaohmay decide to forcibly take what you would not will-ingly give.

Gross mismanagement of funds, too, usually meansdisaster. Going into debt damages your reputation(see Kingdom Rating, page 194), and another city’sarmy or navy may take over your city to demonstratethe Kingdom’s disgust with you.

SSccoorriinnggAt the end of each mission, you are given a score basedon how quickly you completed the mission, your rat-ings, the size of your population, the amount ofmoney in your coffers, the monuments you complet-ed and your difficulty level. If you change your diffi-culty level during a mission, the lowest difficulty levelyou played is the one used to figure your score. Yourscore is recorded for posterity and compared to thescores of other players or to your own scores. If you

Family Registry Screen. From this screen, you can continue a pre-vious game or start a new one by establishing a new family. If youchoose, you can also delete a family. Deleting a family erases allthe saved games and any history associated with it.

Custom Missions. Pharaoh comes with a few mis-sions that are not part of any larger game. To playone of these missions, choose “Custom Missions”from the Choose Game screen. Custom missionsare also automatically saved every six gamemonths should you forget to do so yourself.

IInn--GGaammee HHeellppJust about everything you need to know aboutPharaoh is contained right in the game. The “Help”drop-down list in the Menu Bar provides access todetailed information regarding Pharaoh.

Mouse help describes some items. If you hold themouse over Control Panel buttons or Menu Bar items,a small panel briefly describing the object will pop up.

Also, info-clicking on just about anything provides awealth of information. The first screen that pops upwhen you info-click an object provides brief informa-tion needed to manage your city. The lower left cor-ner of these screens has a question mark. Click on thatquestion mark for a more detailed description of theobject and to learn more about the object’s role in thegame. These entries are usually linked to other usefultopics and to historical information. Linked topics aredisplayed in a different color from the rest of the text.

21Getting Started

have the high score for a particular mission, your fam-ily name and final score is displayed in the GreatestFamilies screen, accessible from the Main Menu.

OOtthheerr OOppttiioonnssIf you need to take a break from the rigors of leadingyour family through history, Pharaoh offers you acouple of other ways to get a taste of Egypt. These are:

Relive History. To look back on all you haveachieved, choose “Relive History” from theChoose Game screen. Here, your achievementsare recorded and celebrated.

You can also replay a completed Mission or anentire completed Period by choosing “ReliveHistory.” While you can replay history, you can-not change it. Replaying any mission has no effecton your current full history game.

Please Note: If you are replaying a particular mis-sion, be sure to save it with a distinct and differentname than your full history game. If you acci-dentally give the mission the same name as yourfull game, your history will be overwritten andlost.

If you are replaying a completed mission and for-get to save it, open the “autosave” file listed whenyou choose “Load Saved Game” from the ChooseGame screen. Pharaoh automatically saves yourmission every six game months, so you’ll be ableto recover a reasonably up-to-date version ofyour current mission.

20 Getting Started

Empty land can be inspiring. With an expanse ofland stretching out before you, anything is pos-sible. You can envision the perfect city with

majestic temples reaching towards the sky, busy thor-oughfares crowded with people and animals, and farm-land heavy with crops. Luckily, you have the uniqueability to make this perfect city real. The toolsdescribed below will help you achieve your dream.

TThhee CCoonnttrrooll PPaanneellThe Control Panel is your command center: everyorder you can give in the game can be accessed here.

When you first begin toplay Pharaoh, not all thecommands on the controlpanel are available to you.Early in the game, Egypt isa fledgling culture that hasnot developed fully. AsEgyptian culture and civi-lization evolve, you will beable to build more elabo-rate cities with morebuildings and services foryour citizens. Optionscurrently not available aredarkened.

You should also note thatEgypt’s various regionseach have different naturalresources and landscapes.Some regions are arid, withrich mineral resources, while

Playing Pharaoh

The Control Panel

Housing Button. Click this button to designatehousing areas. For more on building housingareas, see pages 40-43.

Roads Button. Click on this button to buildroads. For more on roads, see page 40.

Clear Land Button. Use this button to clear landof obstructions. A special “Dig” cursor appearsafter you click the button. To read more on

clearing land, turn to page 38.

Food and Farming Structures Button. Click thisbutton to build the structures that produce foodfor your city. Also listed here are farms that grow

raw materials for industries. The food and farmingstructures are Farms, Work Camps, Hunting Lodges,Fishing Wharves, Cattle Ranches, Water Lifts andIrrigation Ditches. For more on food and farming, consult pages 59-67.

Industrial Structures Button. Click here to buildany of the industry buildings in Pharaoh, includ-ing raw material producers, manufacturers and

construction guilds. For more on industry in Pharaoh, see pages 69-79. For more on construction guilds, see page 130.

Storage and Distribution Structures Button. Clickon this button to build a Storage Yard, Granary,Bazaar or Dock. Each structure plays a distinct role

in getting goods and food to the city’s people. Docksand Storage Yards are also key to trade. For more ondistribution of food and goods to citizens, see pages81-91. For more on trade, go to pages 91-95.

25Playing P

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other regions are lush. Because of this variety and thegradual development of Egyptian culture, the build-ings available to you in each mission are different.

Each button on the Control Panel is described below:

Overlay Selector. Click the over-lay selector button to choose

special, informative views of your city. For more onoverlays, see pages 203-209.

Hide Control Panel. Click this button to hide theControl Panel. You’ll see more of your city, and you’llstill be able to see the building construction buttons,but you won’t see the Overview Map or the buttons toaccess the World Map or the Overseers.

Overview Map. The overview mapshows more of your city at onetime. Point and click on any part ofthe map to jump your view to thatarea. The buildings on the map arecolor-coded depending on their

function. For more on color coding, see page 209.

Overseers Button. Click this button to consultyour Overseers. For more on Overseers and

their functions within the game, see pages 197-203.

World Map Button. Click this button to viewa map of the entire known world. Other cities

in the world are clearly marked, and you can watcharmies and navies as they make their journeys. Formore on the World Map, see page 210.

24 Playing P

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Military Structures Button. Click here to beginestablishing an army and a navy or to build defen-sive structures. Buildings listed here include

Recruiter, Forts, Academy, Warship Wharf, TransportWharf, Weaponsmith, Chariot Maker, Wall, Tower andGatehouse. For more on the military, turn to pages169-189.

Undo Button. When this button is lit, you canundo your last action. You can undo most

actions, but you have only a limited time in which todo so.

Messages Button. Click here to read your mes-sages, including any special instructional mes-sages, which are each marked by a blue scroll.

Messages are discussed on page 211.

Trouble Spots Button. Click here to visit the sitesof recent or on-going trouble, such as a fire orbuilding collapse.

Review Assignment Button. Click this button ifyou need to refresh your memory regarding yourgoals for the current mission. See page 17 for

more on your mission assignments.

27Playing P

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Entertainment Structures Button. When citizensdemand entertainment, click this button to buildthem the attractions they desire, such as Booths,

Bandstands, Pavilions and Senet Houses. Use this but-ton to build performers’ training facilities as well. Formore on entertainment in your city, turn to page 159.

Religious Structures Button. Click here to buildShrines, Temples and a Festival Square. If you arebuilding monuments (like a Pyramid or Sphinx),

they will be listed here. For more on religion, consultpages 117-127. More on monuments can be found onpages 129-149.

Education Structures Button. When you are readyto bring the light of learning to the city’s well-to-do residents, click the “Education Structures” but-

ton and choose either Scribal School or Library. Formore on the construction of these two buildings, seepages 165-166.

Health and Sanitation Structures Button. Click onthis button to build Wells, Water Supplies,Physician’s offices, Mortuaries, Dentist’s offices

and Apothecaries. For more on Health and Sanitationin Pharaoh, visit pages 151-157.

Municipal Structures Button. Clicking this buttonreveals a long list of buildings that help to keepthe city running. Included in the list are the

Police Station, Firehouse, Architect’s post, TaxCollector’s office, Courthouse, Palace, Mansion, WaterCrossings, Roadblock and Beautification structures.For more on municipal functions, consult pages 97-115.

26 Playing P

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D Shows the Risks: Damage Overlay.

E Orders a selected transport ship to evade ene-mies.

F Shows the Risks: Fire Overlay, or orders aselected company to return to its Fort.

H Orders a selected ship to hold its current posi-tion.

L Centers your view on a different militarycompany each time it's pressed.

If a company is selected, "L" issues the "holdground in loose formation" order.

M When you select a monument from thebuilding list, its image attaches to your cursorand shows you how much land the monu-ment will occupy. Pressing the "M" keyfreezes the monument's "footprint" intoplace so that you can move your viewpointaround the city without moving the monu-ment's tentative location. Press the "M" keyagain to resume normal mouse behavior, orclick to place the monument in the foot-print’s current location.

Pressing "M" when a military company isselected issues the mop-up order.

N Orders a selected company or warship toattack nearby enemies.

29Playing Pharaooh

TThhee MMeennuu BBaarrThe Menu Bar which runs across the top of the screenhelps you manage your game play. Under the FileMenu, you’ll find basic options like loading and savinggames. Under Options, you can customize the appear-ance of the game. The Help Menu is also in the MenuBar. Should you want to consult a specific Overseer,the Overseers Menu lists each one, and you can choosewhich you’d like to visit.

Next to the Overseers Menu is the amount of moneythe city has and its current population size. Next tothe population figure is a pyramid. Use this pyramid toreorient your view of the city. Clicking on the rightside of the pyramid rotates the city counter-clockwise.Clicking on the left side of the pyramid rotates the cityclockwise. Click on the center of the pyramid to reori-ent your view due north. Rotating your view can behelpful, especially if large buildings obscure your viewof structures behind it. The last item on the Menu Baris the current date.

KKeeyybbooaarrdd CCoonnttrroollssPharaoh offers many optional control shortcuts thatyou can access with a simple keystroke. Please refer tothe "Readme" file in your computer's Pharaoh folderfor any changes or updates to this list.

Key EffectA Orders a selected warship to attack all ene-

mies.

C Shows the Risks: Crime Overlay, or orders aselected charioteer company to charge.

28 Playing Pharaooh

1 Overseer of the Military

2 Political Overseer

3 Ratings Overseer

4 Overseer of Commerce

5 Overseer of the Granaries

6 Overseer of Public Health

7 Overseer of Learning

8 Overseer of Diversions

9 Overseer of the Temples

0 Overseer of the Treasury

- (minus sign) Chief Overseer

= (equals sign) Overseer of Monuments

F7 Set 640x480 screen resolution



FFoorr PPllaayyeerrss ooff CCaaeessaarr IIIIIIEgypt and Rome are very different places. Some of theskills you learned as a successful Roman Governor maynot help you as an Egyptian leader. If you are a fan of

31Playing Pharaooh

P Pauses the flow of time in the game. You can-not build while time is paused.

R When placing a Statue, Gatehouse or TempleComplex, "R" rotates the structure's orienta-tion one-quarter turn clockwise. Statues willdisplay multiple styles.

With a military company selected, "R" ordersthe soldiers to change their orientation(rotate). "R" also orders a selected transportor warship to return to the Shipwright forrepairs.

T Shows the Risks: Problems Overlay.

With a military company selected, "T" issuesthe "hold ground in tight formation" order.

W Shows the Water Overlay.

If a warship or transport ship is selected, “W”orders the ship to return to its home Wharf.

Space Press the spacebar to toggle between your lastselected Overlay and the normal city view.

Esc (escape) exits the game.

[ (open bracket) reduces game speed by 10 per-cent.

] (close bracket) increases game speed by 10percent.

` (accent) Overseer of the Workers

30 Playing Pharaooh

33Playing Pharaooh

Caesar III, take note of of the following:

Religion. Most cities in Egypt have a patrongod that requires more attention than otherdeities in the city. In some cities, certain godsare completely unknown.

Floodplain Farms and Work Camps. WorkCamps provide peasant labor (in the form ofwalkers) to floodplain farms. Floodplainfarms do not directly employ their workers.

Gold. Gold can be mined from certain rockand converted into currency, measured indebens.

Tax Collection. Before you can collect taxes,a Palace must be functioning in the city. Taxcollectors from the Tax Collector’s offices willnot be able to squeeze one deben from citi-zens unless the city has a Palace.

Luxury Goods. Foreign luxury goods, thecommodities most prized by occupants ofhigh-level housing, are very expensive toimport. Due to the expense of safely trans-porting them across difficult terrain, it is notlucrative for a city to export luxury goods.

Now that you’re familiar with the basic city-buildingtools, you’re ready to begin building the most mag-nificent city Egypt has ever known.

32 Playing Pharaooh

T he first step to attracting people to your city isto designate areas for housing. When the firstimmigrants come to your city, they are con-

tent to live in rudimentary structures. As your citydevelops and its people become more sophisticated,they expect to build their homes into more impressivedomiciles.

Your city needs roads if citizens are to move about.Only a few people, for example soldiers and immi-grants, can leave the road. When you first arrive atyour city site, you will notice a main road cuttingthrough your land. Build more roads off this mainroad, line them with housing areas, and soon you willhave neighborhoods teeming with activity.

Citizens also need your help in meeting their mostbasic need: water. Without drinking water, your citi-zens cannot survive for long.

These structures — housing, roads and water struc-tures — are the most basic needs in any city.Mastering the art of constructing these structures givesyou the fundamental knowledge you need to build agreat city.

YYoouurr CCiittyy SSiitteeBefore you begin building your city, take a look at theland on which you will establish it. Your city’s site andthe surrounding area have many different terrain types,each of which is suited for a different purpose.

Housing, Roads andDrinking Water

nor can you clear marshland.

Rock. Rocky outcroppings sometimes indicatethe presence of construction-grade stone, valu-able ores or precious gemstones (see pages 69-71).Rock is impassable; people cannot walk over rockand must walk around it. You cannot build any-thing directly on rock.

Water. The Nile carves a swath through manyregions, and other areas may have oases or smallponds. Naturally, you cannot build any structuresdirectly on the water.

TThhee KKiinnggddoomm RRooaaddThe Kingdom Road cuts through the city and links itto other cities in Egypt and the world. Immigrants alsouse the Kingdom road to get to your city. Be carefulnot to isolate your city from the Kingdom. Your citymust have access to the rest of the Kingdom to survive.

PPrriinncciipplleess GGuuiiddiinngg CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn The same basic principles guide building most struc-tures in the game. The rather large exceptions to therule are monuments, which are discussed fully onpages 129-149. To build the rest of the buildings, thebasic steps are:

37Housing, Roads and Drinking Water

Grassland. Grass grows on land near water, indi-cating that there is groundwater flowing under-neath it. Because of this groundwater, you canplace water-related structures on grassland.

Meadow. Meadows, identified by their yellowvegetation, can support farms (see page 62).

Flood plain. The flood plain is generally the mostfertile land in Egypt. Found along the banks ofthe Nile, the land’s fertility is restored each yearwhen the Nile floods its banks (see page 59).Because of the annual flooding, farms, roads andIrrigation Ditches are the only structures that canbe built on the flood plain.

Desert. Deserts are often a good place to buildindustries (see pages 68-79), but a poor place forhousing because it is difficult to supply these areaswith clean drinking water. Deserts cannot supportwater-related structures.

Sand Dunes. Sand dunes form when the desertwind blows. Nothing can be built on sand dunes,but people can walk over them.

Forest. If there is a forest in the area, you may beable to harvest wood (see page 72). You can alsopermanently cut down a forest by clearing theland (see page 38).

Marshland. Marshes are the habitat for reeds (seepage 72), which can be made into papyrus.Marshland is found near water and sprouts verydark green reeds. Because the ground is so wet,you cannot build anything directly on the marsh,

36 Housing, Roads and Drinking Water


1. Clear the land, if necessary.2. Choose the appropriate button

from the Control Panel.3. Place your building.

You will know if you are choosing an appropriate placefor your building if you see a green “ghost” of it as youmove the cursor over the desired location. If you seered, the land is not clear or the building you’ve chosenhas special requirements which you have not yet met.

CClleeaarriinngg LLaannddWith the exception of monuments, you must clear theland first before building a structure. To clear land,click on the “Clear Land” button on the Control Panel.When the special Dig cursor appears, click on the spotthat you would like to clear. You can clear large areasat one time by dragging your cursor over the land.The land clears as you drag the mouse, and the amountof money needed to clear it is displayed. You canreshape the area of land you’re clearing by reposition-ing the cursor, but once you let go of the mouse but-ton, the land is cleared and the money is spent. If youchange your mind, click the “Undo” button on theControl Panel. Do so quickly, however, because youhave a limited amount of time in which to undo anyaction.

If a forest is blocking your way, think carefully beforeclearing it. Wood is an extremely rare and valuablecommodity, and it may behoove you to change yourcity design instead of clearing the forest.

BBuuiillddiinngg RRooaaddssMost structures in Pharaoh need road access. If citizens


Undo Button

Clear Land Button

Egypt’s NeighborhoodsAhket, 12th year of RamessesEveningDear Journal

After the arduous task of unloadingour ship’s cargo, I was ready for a goodnight's sleep. I stationed a guard outside theStorage Yard we had procured for our goodsand made my way to Khmunhotep's house. Imet Khmunhotep last year, when he worked asa scribe who accompanied trade missionsabroad. He told me that I would be most wel-come in his house if ever I found myself inEgypt.

I made my way through the twistingand turning streets to Khmunhotep's neigh-borhood. It was clear to me as I walked thatEgypt is much like other places I've been: noteveryone shares equally in the land's wealth.Some of the homes were quite run down, whileothers were larger and kept up. I enteredKhmunhotep's street where the homes werequite large. The residents were obviously welloff, and most probably worked for the govern-ment.

Khmunhotep's home is filled with finethings that point to his status. His pottery isthe finest available, and the clothing his fam-ily wears is made of very sheer linen, a mark

of quality. He scents his home withmyrrh, imported from Pwenet. Of

course, these luxuries come with aprice: he has one of the highesttax bills in the neighborhood.Tired from my journey, I

retired to bed. The typicalEgyptian headrest, a curved piece

of wood atop a small pedestal, didn'tlook especially inviting, but thiswooden “pillow” proved to be surpris-ingly restful.

on the area where you’d like to place some housing.You can designate housing areas one lot at a time, oryou can hold down the mouse button and drag overlarger areas. You can even drag an area of housing overroads — the roads remain in place. After you earmarkan area for housing, a “vacant” sign appears on theland. When immigrants arrive, they will constructtheir own simple structures.

All housing must be placed within two spaces of theroad and must be built on clear land. Make sure thereis a clear path between the housing areas you designateand the Kingdom Road. You may need to build watercrossings (see pages 110-113) so that immigrants canget to certain areas.

HHoouussiinngg EEvvoolluuttiioonnAs conditions improve in the city, your citizens willwant to live in more attractive structures. They willupgrade their housing on their own. The advantages ofhighly evolved housing are many, including increasedtax revenues and improved prosperity (see page 192).All you need to do to foster the development of bet-ter housing is to make sure your citizens live in pleas-ant neighborhoods and have access to the goods andservices they want.

Dilapidated houses drag down the desirability of thesurrounding area. Ramshackle housing catches fireeasily; as housing improves, the chance that it willcatch on fire decreases. Fine homes also enhance thedesirability of the surrounding area, perhaps even help-ing other nearby houses to evolve into better domi-ciles.

41Housing, Roads and Drinking Water40 Housing, Roads and Drinking Water

can’t get to a building via a road, they can’t acquire thegoods or services that building provides nor can they findemployment there.

To build a road, first make sure the land is clear. Then,choose the “Road” button, and click on the area whereyou would like to place a road. Just as with clearingthe land, you can build large sections of road at onetime by clicking and dragging the mouse. As you drag

the mouse, you see what the roadwill look like after it’s placed andhow much it will cost. If there areany barriers, such as uncleared landor a building, the road bends aroundthe obstruction. When you let go ofthe mouse button, the road is laid.

When neighborhoods begin toprosper, the city’s residents take itupon themselves to pave over dirt

roads. Once a road is paved, you can place Plazas onthem (see pages 113-114).

BBuuiillddiinngg HHoouussiinnggYou never build or improve housing directly. Rather,you define areas where you want people to settle, andthey do the rest. When your city is new, some immi-grants always show up to build homes as soon as youearmark the land for them. After this initial influx ofpeople, your city must attract new citizens by offeringthe things people want — mainly food, jobs and hous-ing.

To designate a housing area, first click on the”Housing” button on the Control Panel. Then, click

Road Button

Build Housing Button

them with beauty. Neighborhoods with lush Gardensand stately Statues are most appreciated by your citi-zens.

Equally important to adding attractive elements iskeeping unattractive elements to a minimum. Yourcitizens won’t relish living near noisy and smellyindustrial structures or buildings that unsavory charac-ters frequent. For more on each building’s particulareffect on desirability, consult Appendix 1, starting onpage 222.

The easiest way to find out what a specific dwellingneeds to evolve, or what is preventing it from evolving,is to info-click on it. The pop-up screen tells youexactly what the house needs next to evolve. It alsoprovides an inventory of household goods. Thisinventory shows you if the dwelling is about to runout of anything which might hinder its future devel-opment.

WWeellllss aanndd WWaatteerr SSuupppplliieessWells and Water Supplies provide drinking water toyour populace. These structures cannot be placed justanywhere — they must be built on grassland (see page36). Grassland indicates the presence of groundwater.A green “ghost” of the water structure will appearwhen you have chosen a viable location. You can alsouse the Water Overlay (see page 204) to see whichland can support water-related structures.

A Well is the most basic water structure. It providesaccess to fairly clean drinking water to a limited rangeof homes. While some water is better than no water,a Well is less beneficial than its cousin, the Water Supply.


GGooooddss aanndd SSeerrvviicceessWhat do your citizens want? Their needs aren’t muchdifferent from our own. They like a varied diet andgoods, such as pottery, linen and beer, that make theirlives easier and more fun. As your citizens becomewealthier, they also want luxury goods, both domesticand imported, in their homes. The chapters on foodand farming (pages 59-67) and industry (pages 69-79)will tell you how to provide these items.

Access to services, such as education (pages 165-166),religion (pages 117-127) and entertainment (pages159-163), enriches your people’s lives and encouragesthem to build more impressive homes.

DDeessiirraabbiilliittyyCitizens will improve their housing if you surround


Well

Health and SanitationStructures Button

Housing Evolution. As conditions in your city improve, your citizens willtake it upon themselves to build more elaborate dwellings.

45Houses, Roads and Drinking Water

Water Supplies need road access and employees tocarry the water to nearby homes. Water Supplies andtheir water carriers can cover a wider area of your citythan Wells can, and the water they provide is muchcleaner than that provided by Wells.

Water Supplies also help reduce the risk of malariastriking the city (see page 154).

44 Houses, Roads and Drinking Water

Water Supply

As the city grows, it comes alive with peoplegoing about their daily tasks. New familiesarrive, others depart. The workforce tends to

its responsibilities, bringing services to the citizens.Men, women and children are all active participants incity life. They are the city’s lifeblood, coursing alongits streets. The citizens’ lives — how they come toyour city, how they find employment, and what hap-pens after they attain wealth — are the topics of thischapter.

AAttttrraaccttiinngg IImmmmiiggrraannttssWhen the city is new, immigrants in search of adven-ture come to experience life on a new frontier. As thecity becomes more established, new immigrants areattracted mainly as a result of word-of-mouth. If lifein the city is good, resulting in high City Sentiment,then the residents will spread the word throughout theKingdom. New people will come to the city providedthere is room for them.

CCiittyy SSeennttiimmeennttCity Sentiment is an indicator of the quality of life inthe city. The factors that contribute to high CitySentiment are high wages, low taxes, food availabilityand job availability. All citizens expect to be properlyfed and to be employed. They also expect to be ade-quately compensated for their work and not to pay anunreasonable tax rate.

Citizens are well aware of what wages other Egyptiancities pay. If the Kingdom’s standard wage level changes,a message notifying you of the new pay rate will be sent.

People and Employment

unfair in the city. If half the citizens are paying hightaxes, and the other half are paying no taxes at all, CitySentiment will plummet.

If you fail to meet citizens’ expectations, the word willquickly spread to others considering a move to yourcity. Potential immigrants will decide to stay wherethey are or find another city to call home if your cityhas a poor reputation, as expressed by the low senti-ment of its residents. If your city’s reputation dropstoo precipitously, some of its residents may move outin search of a better life.

Your Chief Overseer (see page 203) knows how citi-zens are feeling. Use his City Sentiment report as aguide to improving conditions in your city.

In addition to limiting immigration, poor CitySentiment can also encourage crime (see page 99).

Lack of housing is the other major factor that keepsimmigrants away. Check in with your Overseer of theGranaries (see page 200). He can tell you how manymore people the city’s current housing stock can host.If housing is almost completely occupied, zone somenew housing areas to attract new immigrants, or takesteps to encourage existing homes to improve. Betterhousing accommodates more people.

FFiinnddiinngg WWoorrkkeerrssMost buildings require employees (you’ll learn aboutthe different jobs your citizens can have in subsequentchapters). When a new building needing employees isbuilt, it dispatches a representative to seek out availableworkers in nearby neighborhoods. If he finds occupied

49People and Employment

You can get away with charging citizens higher taxes ifthe city is otherwise a great place to live. Citizenswon’t mind paying a little extra to live in a city withplenty of food, jobs and decent wages. Citizens willbecome upset, however, if they feel conditions are

48 People and Employment

Khmunhotep’s FamilyAhket, 12th year of RamessesMorningDear Journal,

Nefernetka, Khmunhotep's wife, greet-ed me when I finally arose in the morning.She offered me a delicious porridge of grainfor breakfast. While I was eating, the chil-dren came in to see the newcomer. All thechildren still have the 'side lock of youth':their hair is cut short except for a long tress ofhair that comes from the side of their heads.The eldest, who is nearly 14, will soon havethis side lock cut off and endure the sebi cere-mony in which he will be circumcised. Oncehe has entered adulthood, his family willsend him to the Per-Ankh, which we calllibrary, to learn his father's craft.

After the children returned to theirtoys, Nefernetka told me of a recent misfor-tune that befell her family. Her father passedon after a long and fruitful life. Nefernetkamisses her father terribly, but takes comfort inthe knowledge that he lives on in the Field ofReeds. Nefernetka also rests easy knowingthat, in accordance with Egyptiantradition, one-third of herfather's estate passes toNefernetka's mother.Nefernetka and her sib-lings share the othertwo-thirds. At leastthe family is free fromwant.

After breakfast, Ileft Khmunhotep's home tonegotiate a trade on behalfof my country.

These people always make a trip for a specific purpose,usually to pick up or deliver something.

Certain people who normally roam freely will some-times have a specific destination in mind:

Performers on their way from performer’s schools to venues

Constables on their way to defend the cityFire marshals on their way to douse a fireStonemasons, bricklayers and carpenters on

their way to a monument

Unless the above walkers are performing the tasksspecified, they behave as roaming walkers.

Roaming WalkersWalkers who roam the city bring benefits to your cit-izens when they pass by housing. Some also providevaluable services to the buildings in the city.

Roamers leave their buildings with no specific destina-tion in mind. When they leave their building, they tryto start in a different direction every time. From there,they can be completely unpredictable.

Every time walkers who roam the city encounter anintersection, they must decide which way to turn.They don’t make the same decision every time, sohouses that they have passed before may not be visit-ed again for some time.


housing nearby, and if the city overall has people inneed of work, then the building that sent him out willbe staffed with employees. If he fails to find a staff forthe building that sent him, he’ll continue his search.

PPeeooppllee ooff tthhee CCiittyyThe city employs dozens of different workers who per-form very different tasks. Some of the city’s workersmake their way along the city’s streets as they go abouttheir day-to-day tasks. These walkers can be brokendown into two groups: those that have a specific desti-nation in mind and those who roam the city.

Destination WalkersDestination walkers leave their places of employmentwith a specific goal in mind. Using a map of your city’sroads, they determine the shortest route to their des-tination. With few exceptions (noted below), theyalways use your city’s roads to find the shortest route.

Your city’s destination walkers are:

Buyers from the BazaarDelivery men (cart pushers, sled pullers and

chariot deliverers)ThievesVagrantsTower and wall sentriesSledge haulers (do not need roads)Hunters (do not need roads)Reed gatherers (do not need roads)Wood cutters (do not need roads)Soldiers (do not need roads)Immigrants (do not need roads)Emigrants (do not need roads)


TeachersLibrariansPlagued citizensTax collectorsDentistsPhysiciansHerbalistsEmbalmersWater carriers

If your city’s housing has evolved to very high levels(see page 41), you may also see scribes wanderingaround your city. Scribes enjoy the city’s services, butdo not work themselves. For more on scribes, see page57.

UUnneemmppllooyymmeennttUnemployment can become a serious problem in yourcity, but one that is relatively easy to solve. Highunemployment contributes to poor City Sentiment(see page 47) which can hamper immigration andencourage crime.

The cure to unemployment is to create new jobs.Unemployment affords you the opportunity toimprove your city’s services, which could lead to ahigher Culture Rating (see page 191). Check in withyour Overseers (see pages 197-203) to see if your cityhas an adequate number of entertainment venues,Temples, Schools, Libraries and health facilities. If thecity is lacking in any of these areas, solve the unem-


The best way to corral these walkers is through goodcity planning. Since intersections give these walkers somuch freedom, keeping intersections to a minimumhelps to guide these walkers to where you want themto go.

Roadblocks (see page 109) are another effective tool incontrolling roamers. When a roamer encounters aRoadblock, he or she turns around. Walkers with aspecific destination in mind pass through Roadblocks.

Use Roadblocks carefully. If you place a Roadblock toprevent a Bazaar seller from strolling through the city’sindustrial sector, for example, you might also blockarchitects and fire marshals who need to service someindustrial buildings on the other side of theRoadblock. Roadblocks that separate industries fromhousing can also prevent buildings from finding need-ed employees. Roadblocks can make no distinctionbetween roamers, so carefully consider who you mightbe blocking out when you use them.

The walkers who roam the city are:

Bazaar sellersConstables (except as noted on page 51)MagistratesFire marshals (except as noted on page 51)ArchitectsPerformers (except as noted on page 51)Bricklayers (except as noted on page 51)Carpenters (except as noted on page 51)Stonemasons (except as noted on page 51)Senet mastersPriests


MMaannaaggiinngg LLaabboorrYour Overseer of the Workers (page 197) and yourOverseer of Commerce (page 199) can help you man-age the city’s labor force to alleviate a labor shortage.

To ensure that the most important services are provid-ed, work with your Overseer of the Workers to setemployment priorities. The Overseer lists all theemployment sectors in the city, the number of work-ers required in each sector, and the current number ofworkers employed in each sector. If one of the sectorsthat you consider to be most important is under-staffed, click on it. A screen pops up with the numbersone through nine. Click the number one to make theselected sector the top priority. The Overseer of theWorkers funnels employees into the work sectoryou’ve designated the top priority until all positions inthat sector are filled. After you set a first priority, you


ployment problem by building more structures toprovide the needed services. Use the Overlays (seepages 203-209) to see if any specific neighborhoodsin the city lack particular services.

You can also turn unemployment problems into cold,hard debens. If the city is engaging in trade, check tosee if it is exporting all that it can to its trade partners.If it isn’t, build more of the required industry to meetthe demand. The city’s coffers will benefit.

A low level of unemployment is actually better than alabor shortage. New buildings draw their workers fromthe ranks of the unemployed. When more than 10percent of citizens are out of work, though, problemswill ensue.

LLaabboorr SShhoorrttaaggeessLabor shortages can be the more devastating employ-ment problem. When industries are understaffed, ser-vices begin to suffer because buildings that are onlypartially staffed are much less efficient than fullystaffed buildings. When services suffer, property valuesgo down and people are usually forced from theirhomes, sometimes causing emigration. Emigration, ofcourse, further reduces the workforce which results inmore services suffering.

Drawing immigrants to the city solves labor shortageproblems. If the city is currently experiencing a laborshortage, manage the labor force (see below) to makesure that key services, like food production and distri-bution, are fully staffed.


Overseer of the Workers’ Panel. Visit the Overseer of the Workers toset labor allocation priorities. The Overseer will fill the prioritized jobsectors first.

SSccrriibbeessWhen your city matures into a fine metropolis thatoffers the best of goods, services and, most important-ly, education, some citizens become scribes. Scribes donot work, but they do pay a lot in taxes. You canwatch them going about your city, pursuing leisure.

When some of your working folk become scribes, thedemand for goods may increase, but your pool ofavailable workers decreases. If immigrants don’t pourinto your city to take the newly vacant positions, takesteps to lure more immigrants.


can set a second, then a third, and so on.

You can prioritize the labor force in any order youwish. You can only have one top priority, though, andwhen you choose a new one, your other priorities areadjusted accordingly. Note that when you set priori-ties, other employment sectors can suffer from severelabor shortages.

Your Overseer of Commerce can also help solve a laborshortage by shutting down industries. Check the city’sStorage Yards and Granaries for good candidates fortemporary work stoppage. If you notice that the cityhas a glut of a particular supply, shut that industrydown for a while. That industry’s employees will findwork in other employment sectors and help to reducethe labor shortage.

To temporarily shut down an industry, visit theOverseer of Commerce and click on the industry youwish to shut down. On the screen that pops up, a but-ton reading “Industry is On” appears. Click the buttonuntil it reads “Industry is Off” to shut it down. To turnan industry back on, click the button until it reads“Industry is On.” When an industry has been shutdown, it will appear in yellow on the Overseer ofCommerce’s screen.

Keep an eye on the Storage Yards while industries areshut down to make sure the city doesn’t run out ofany goods it needs. Also be careful when shuttingdown a raw material producer. If the city runs out ofa raw material, manufacturers that require the itemwon’t be able to turn out any new goods, and theiremployees will sit idle unless you specifically shutdown their industry, too.


Zoning land for houses gets people to the city.Food keeps them there. Food production isprobably the single most important industry in

the city, and farms will likely be the primary source offood. The city won’t survive long without a steadysupply of food. Hungry people tend to be cranky,prone to disease and eager emigrants.

Most of Egypt is dry and unarable. The fertile banks ofthe Nile, however, cut through like a rich, luxuriousribbon. This fertile land is limited, so you must planfarms carefully. Other areas have meadows on whichfarms can thrive.

TThhee NNiillee,, tthhee IInnuunnddaattiioonn aanndd tthhee NNiilloommeetteerrCertainly, many great cities and countries have beenbuilt along the banks of a river. What makes the Nileso special? Each year, the Nile floods its banks,depositing nutrient-rich silt on the land. Called theInundation, this yearly event is so important thatEgyptians base their seasons on the river’s cycles.

Usually, the Nile floods its banks every year betweenJune and September. Two to four months after theflood, the Nile recedes, leaving behind it the most fer-tile land in Egypt.

But, the Nile is unpredictable. It can flood high oneyear and low the next, or, if your city is truly unfortu-nate, the flood might not happen at all. Luckily, youhave a Nilometer to help you gauge the comingflood’s characteristics. Priests interpret the Nilometerreadings and notify your Chief Overseer (page 203)

Farming and Food Production

restored. If the floodplain land you have built farmson begins to lose its fertility, you might considerbuilding new farms on more fertile land and demolish-ing the old ones.

61Farming and Food Production

with information regarding the next flood. Check inwith your Chief Overseer for the latest Nilometerreading so you can plan for the coming year and adjustfood production as necessary.

The only things you can build on the flood plain arefarms, roads and Irrigation Ditches. All other buildingswould be destroyed by the flood.

BBuuiillddiinngg FFoooodd aanndd FFaarrmmiinngg SSttrruuccttuurreessAll the structures in this section can be built by click-ing on the “Food and Farming Structures” button inthe Control Panel. The menu that pops up lists all thefood and farming structures available to you. Someregions may not be able to support all types of farmsand food structures.

FFllooooddppllaaiinn FFaarrmmiinngg aanndd WWoorrkk CCaammppssFarming on the flood plain can be very productive.Acre for acre, floodplain farms tend to yield morecrops than meadow farms (see page 62), but the grow-ing season is limited due to the Inundation, and thefarms are harvested only once every year.

Floodplain farms generally produce more because theland there is usually more fertile. Not all floodplainland, however, is equally fertile. The darker the floodplain and the lusher the grass growing on it, the morefertile it is. Info-click on a farm to find out its land’sfertility.

The flood plain’s fertility depends upon the flood’swaters. Every time a farm on the flood plain is har-vested, the fertility of the land is depleted. If the floodwaters do not replenish the land, its fertility is not

60 Farming and Food Production

Peasant LifeAhket, 12th year of RamessesMiddayDear Journal,

As I walked towards the Storage Yardwhere our items for trade were stored, Ithought how fortuitous our timing was. TheInundation was due to start in a couple ofweeks, and all the crops had just been harvest-ed. Egypt's Granaries are filled to capacityright now, and I'm sure the trade ministerwill be eager to unload some of the surplus.

The Nile is truly a blessing to this land.Without it, Egypt would be like so many landsin this region: hot, dry and infertile. Becausethe river fertilizes the land each year, Egypt isable to grow diverse crops like grain, barley,flax, chickpeas, pomegranates and figs, toname but a few. The Inundation is remark-ably reliable, too. Granted, some years theInundation is lower than in others, but onlyon the rarest occasion has the Inundationbeen too low to fertilize the land.

As I walked through the peasants'neighborhood, I saw the men of the house-holds preparing for their journeys to the desertwhere they will help buildPharaoh's tomb. The gov-ernment conscriptedmany of these men to dothis hard work, but theworkers will be paid.Most of them consider itan honor to helpPharaoh to immortality.

Food and FarmingStructures Button

own staff of employees. Fully staffing the farm isimportant; a farm that is partially staffed yields lessthan a fully-staffed farm. In addition to labor, mead-ow farms need road access.

Depending on the crop, meadow farms are harvestedone or two times per year. Barley, grain and pome-granates are harvested twice a year, while flax, lettuceand chickpeas are harvested only once a year. Eachharvest usually produces less than a floodplain farm’sharvest.

Fertility varies from meadow to meadow. The yellowvegetation that grows onmeadows with high fertilityis very dense. Harvesting ameadow farm does notdeplete the fertility of itsland. Info-clicking on ameadow farm shows youthe fertility level of its landand when the next harvestwill be.

Meadow farms can be vitalto the city’s existence.While harvests of flood-plain farms are large, they only occur once a year, andthe farms are inactive for two to four months of theyear during the Inundation. Because they are activeyear round, meadow farms can help tide the popula-tion over during the Inundation.

IIrrrriiggaattiioonn aanndd WWaatteerr LLiiffttssYou can increase the fertility — and hence, the pro-


Floodplain farms also tend to produce more becausethey do not need to devote space for year-round liv-ing quarters. Floodplain farms are just fields, and anyrequired farm hands come from a Work Camp.

Gangs of peasants gather at the Work Camp for assign-ment. During farming season, the Work Camp willlikely send most of its work crews to the floodplainfarms. If all floodplain farms are staffed, or if it is floodseason, the Work Camp sends gangs to work on anyactive monument projects in the city that may needthem.

While one Work Camp could provide peasants for allfloodplain farms and monuments, the more WorkCamps you have, the quicker farms or constructionprojects will receive the peasants they need. MoreWork Camps will also provide more peasants, whichspeeds the monument-building process.

Like other walkers, peasant laborers have a limitedworking life. Time spent walking to work is time notspent working, so don’t build Work Camps too farfrom the floodplain fields.

Both Work Camps and floodplain farms require roadaccess. Work Camps also need labor.

MMeeaaddooww FFaarrmmiinnggArable land is not limited to the flood plains.Meadows are also arable, and meadow farms have theadvantage of supporting crops year-round.

Work Camps do not supply meadow farms with a gangof farm hands; rather, each meadow farm must find its


Meadow Farm

When building a farm, youdon’t have to specify “MeadowFarm” or “Floodplain Farm.”Your architects automaticallyknow which type of farm tobuild, depending on where youbuild it. Both farms cost thesame amount of money.

Work Camp

Fertility has no effect on the length of the growingseason.

Even irrigated farms must still be built on arable land.Irrigation can increase the fertility of land, but it can-not make infertile land fertile.

CCrroopp TTyyppeessEgypt can grow many types of crops. Most locations,however, can only support a few different types, andsome desert areas can grow nothing at all and mustimport all their food. Some farms grow foodstuffs thatwill keep citizens fed while other farms grow cropswhich are used for raw materials.

The foods grown on farms are grain, chickpeas, lettuce,pomegranates and figs. Grain Farms also producestraw as a by-product, which is used in the manufac-ture of bricks (see page 76) and also to feed cattle (seepage 67). The other raw materials produced on farmsare barley and flax. Barley Farms grow barley that isbrewed into beer (see page 76), and Flax Farms pro-duce flax that is woven into linen (see page 76).

OOtthheerr FFoooodd SSoouurrcceessEgypt’s bounty isn’t limited to what can be producedon farms. Many regions have an abundance of wildlifethat can be hunted. The Nile’s waters, essential to thesuccess of farms, also teem with fish. And, cattle canbe raised for the meat they provide. Here’s what you’llneed to do to take advantage of these resources:

Hunting. Animals that can be hunted live in herdsor flocks. If you notice a herd or flock of one ofthe types of animals listed below, build a Hunting


ductivity — of farmland through irrigation. Irrigationcan turn land that yields little into land that can sup-port a productive farm. Both floodplain and meadowfarmland can be irrigated.

To bring the benefits of irrigation to a farm, run anIrrigation Ditch to within two spaces of it. The effectsof irrigation are not cumulative; as long as there is oneIrrigation Ditch within two spaces of a farm, the farm isfully irrigated.

Floodplain farms are at the water’s levelwhere Irrigation Ditches can be connect-

ed directly to the Nile. Meadow farms,however, are not at the water’s level. Toirrigate meadow farms, you must build aWater Lift.

Water Lifts bring water up one level. Theycan be built on land adjacent to a body ofwater or to the flood plain. For Water Liftsbuilt adjacent to the flood plain, you mustbuild an Irrigation Ditch running from the

Nile to the front of the Water Lift tosupply it with water.

Attach an Irrigation Ditch to the backof the Water Lift to irrigate mead-ow farms. Irrigation Ditches twistand turn around all objects thatimpede their path except for roads.

Irrigation Ditches automatically rununder roads as needed.

Increasing the fertility of its land willincrease the amount of food a farm yields.


Hunting Lodge

Water Lift

tion will flounder if it tries to subsist solely on fish.

Raising Cattle. Cattle Ranches can be built any-where, even in desert areas. Cattle eat straw thatcan either be grown on Grain Farms or importedfrom a trade partner.

Cattle Ranches store this straw on site to keep thecattle fed.

Hunting Lodges, Fishing Wharves and Cattle Ranchesall require road access and workers.


Lodge nearby. Hunting Lodges train and equiphunters to skillfully kill their quarry. Animals thatcan be hunted for food are:

OstrichesWater FowlAntelope

Hunters will never completely wipe out all the ani-mals, but herd and flock size nevertheless is limit-ed, as is the rate at which they are replenished.Game meat from hunting is a good supplement tocitizens’ diets or a good way to feed a small popu-lation. Herds and flocks obviously do not growlarger as the city’s population increases; therefore,game meat will make up a smaller percentage ofthe city’s food stock as the city grows.

Fishing. Not all waterways support fish. If a bodyof water has fish, you will see them periodicallyleaping out of the water into the air. To use thesefish for food, the city needs one or more fishingboats.

Fishing boats are berthed at Fishing Wharves.Shipwrights (see page 77) build boats for theindustries in the city that need them. FishingWharves and Shipwrights must be built on straightsections of coast, and half of the structure mustoverhang the water so that vessels can have accessto them. If the city has a working Shipwright,building a Fishing Wharf signals the ship buildersto get busy building a fishing boat.

Like herds and flocks, fish stocks are limited butcannot be completely depleted. A large popula-


Fishing Wharf

Cattle Ranch

People have built attractive housing, and immi-grants are pouring in. You have working farmsto feed the populace and to provide some

employment. Now, your people are demanding more.They want more goods and services, and more jobs forthemselves. To provide for these needs, a city musthave a bustling economy supported by industry.

TTyyppeess ooff IInndduussttrriieessA multitude of industries flourish in Egypt, and yourcity will most likely be able to support many of them.Some industries produce raw materials, other indus-tries turn those raw materials into finished products.All industries have two very basic requirements: accessto the road and a labor supply.

Raw MaterialsEgypt is blessed with many resources that can be man-ufactured into goods. These resources, however, mustbe coaxed from the earth; they do not just presentthemselves at manufacturers, ready to be used. Toharvest raw materials, click on Industrial Structures:Raw Materials, then choose a structure. You’ll findthese raw materials in Egypt:

Stone. Quarrymen chisel large blocks of rock atfour different kinds of quarry:

Plain stone QuarryLimestone QuarryGranite QuarrySandstone Quarry

Industry

Industrial StructuresButton

Quarry

If you are lucky enough to be able to mine gold,you should take advantage of the opportunity.Gold is money, and mining gold affords your citythe chance to make its own.

Before you start mining gold, build a Palace (seepage 101). The Palace converts gold ore intousable currency, which is counted in debens. Ifgold is mined before a Palace is built, the GoldMine’s cart pusher will have no place to take it.Gold ore is never stored in a Storage Yard.

Copper is a valuable metal, too. After it has beenmined, copper can be sold to trade partners ormanufactured into weapons at a Weaponsmith(see page 77).

Both Copper and Gold Mines must be built next torocky outcroppings with metallic nuggets. Whentrying to place a mine, a green ghost of the build-ing will appear when you hold your mouse cursorover a viable location.

Copper and Gold Mines, like Quarries, are in dan-ger of collapsing. Build an Architect’s post nearbyto help deter this risk.

Gems. Gems, like stone, gold and copper, aremined from rocky outcroppings. You can’t tell bylooking at the rock whether or not it can producegems. If gems can be mined, Gemstone Mines willbe listed in the Industrial Structures: Raw Materialslist. Like quarries, Gemstone Mines must beplaced adjacent to rocky outcroppings. They arealso susceptible to collapse, so be sure to build anArchitect’s post nearby.

71Industry

If there are extensive rocky outcroppings in thecity’s area, you are most likely able to build quar-ries to extract the rock. Some areas, though, willhave rock that’s not of construction grade, or toolittle rock to support industry. Click on theIndustrial Structures button and check the list ofraw materials available. This list shows you whattypes of stone, if any, can be quarried in the area.

You must build quarries adjacent to rocky out-croppings. If you have picked an appropriate loca-tion, you will see a green ghost of the Quarryyou’re trying to place. Otherwise, you will see ared block.

Stone cannot be manufactured into other prod-ucts. Stone is, however, the stuff of monuments,

and significant amounts ofstone are needed to com-plete even some of thesmaller monuments.

Quarries, which are duginto the side of rocky out-croppings, are prone tocollapse. Be sure to buildan Architect’s post (seepage 100) near the quarriesto prevent disaster.

Gold and Copper. Metallic nuggets lying amongstrocky outcroppings indicate the presence of gold,copper or both. Click on the Industrial Structuresbutton and check the raw materials list to seewhich, if any, you can mine.

70 Industry

Gemstone Mine

Metal Mine

the Reed Gatherer, the Wood Cutter does nothave to be adjacent to a forest.

Wood is an important and valuable raw material inEgypt and the rest of the world. Shipwrights (seepage 77) need wood to construct and repair war-ships and transport ships. Chariot Makers con-struct chariots from wood (see page 77). Finally,wood is used by the Carpenters’ Guild to makeramps and scaffolding for monuments (see page130).

Wood tends to be scarce in Egypt, so you shouldharvest it whenever you have the chance. Becauseit is so rare, think twice before clearing trees inorder to make room for buildings. Wood is oneof the more valuable raw materials in the openmarket, and your city can profit from exporting it.

While neither the Reed Gatherer nor the WoodCutter needs to be built next to their raw materi-al, it makes sense to place these buildings as closeto the raw material as possible. The shorter thedistance the workers have to travel, the more pro-ductive they will be.

When harvesters and wood cutters are about theirtasks, you’ll notice that after they have harvested aregion, the reeds or trees do not grow back rightaway. It takes time for new reeds and trees tosprout and grow. Because of this, it is possible toover-harvest these resources if you have too manyharvesters or wood cutters working in a particulararea. Reeds and trees (unless you clear them) willeventually grow back, but your industries mightsit idle while waiting for regrowth. It’s best to

73Industry

Straw, Barley and Flax. Barley, flax and straw aregrown on farms. Raw material farms like theseshare all the characteristics common to foodfarms: they must be built on arable land, theirfields become more fertile with irrigation andfarms built on the flood plain tend to yield morecrops. See the chapter on Food and Farming on

pages 58-67 for more information.

Barley Farms produce barley from whichBrewers make beer (page 76), and flaxthat can be made into linen (page 76)grows on Flax Farms. Straw grows onGrain Farms (page 65) and is a by-prod-uct of grain production. Straw, alongwith clay, is used to make bricks (page76), and straw is also used to feed cattleon Cattle Ranches (page 67).

Reeds and Wood. If you see stands of trees orfields of reeds, you can usually build a ReedGatherer or a Wood Cutter. Just as the presenceof small stone deposits doesn’t always mean thatyou can quarry stone, some areas of trees or reedsmight be too small, or of too low quality, to sup-port industry. You’ll know for sure if you haveaccess to these buildings if they are in theIndustrial Structures: Raw Materials list.

A Reed Gatherer sends out harvesters to collectreeds that can be pounded into papyrus at thePapyrus Maker. A Reed Gatherer does not have tobe adjacent to a field of reeds. Harvesters are will-ing to walk from their building to the reed field.

A Wood Cutter works in a similar fashion. Like

72 Industry

Reed Gatherer

Wood Cutter

Farm

Each raw material producer generally furnishes enoughcommodity to supply two manufacturers.

ManufacturersTo really rake in the trade debens, build manufacturersto turn raw materials into finished goods.Manufactured goods tend to have a higher marketvalue than raw materials. Furthermore, citizens havelittle use for raw materials directly, though they clam-or for manufactured goods.

All manufacturers function similarly. They all requireroad access and labor. They all also require raw mate-rials delivered to them from a raw material producer ora Storage Yard. If the city cannot produce a raw mate-rial that manufacturers need, the city will be able toimport it from a trade partner.

To build most manufacturers, choose the IndustrialStructures button from the Control Panel, then pick amanufacturer. The only manufacturers that are notlisted here are the Weaponsmith and the ChariotMaker. These structures can be built by clicking on theMilitary Structures button on the Control Panel.

Following is a complete list of all manufactured prod-ucts. Because access to different raw materials is limit-ed, not all regions will be able to manufacture all theproducts listed.

Pottery. Potters turn clay into pottery. Pottery isan important commodity in any city. It’s the firstgood your citizens will demand after you satisfytheir needs for food and water.

75Industry

consider the amount of resources available beforebuilding Wood Cutters and Reed Gatherers.

Clay Pit. Clay Pits produce clay that can be turnedinto pottery by a Potter (see page 75). Whencombined with straw, clay can also be turned intobrick (see page 76), an important constructionmaterial for certain monuments.

Clay Pits need to be near a body of water becausethat is where the best quality clay is found. You’llknow that you’ve picked a good spot for a Clay Pitwhen you see a green ghost of the building.

All raw materials producers employ delivery men,either cart pushers or sled pullers, that bring their

materials to other buildings thatneed them. The delivery men firsttry to find a manufacturer that needssupplies. Because they don’t like towork any harder than necessary, theyalways try to bring their raw materi-als to the closest manufacturer. Ifno manufacturer needs their load ofraw materials, the delivery men findthe closest Storage Yard that hasspace for their load.

The only raw material delivery men who do not behavein this fashion are the Gold Mine cart pusher and thequarry sled puller. The Gold Mine cart pusher bringshis gold only to the Palace, never to a Storage Yard.Because stone cannot be manufactured into any othergood, quarry sled pullers always bring their materials toa Storage Yard.

74 Industry

Potter

Clay Pit

141-142).

Weapons. Using copper, the Weaponsmith fash-ions weapons. The Recruiter uses weapons toequip Infantry companies (see page 171).

Chariots. The Chariot Maker uses wood to manu-facture magnificent war chariots. He sends thefinished product to the Recruiter to outfit chario-teers (see page 171).

Ships. Shipwrights build and repair all ships in yourcity (except for ferry boats). They are skilled in alltypes of boat making and can build a strong com-bat vessel just as easily as they can build a smallfishing boat.

Shipwrights make fishing boats from whateverresources they have on hand and do not need adelivery of raw materials to fashion them.Warships and transport ships, on the other hand,are built from wood. Shipwrights need a supply ofwood before they can begin building militaryships.

Shipwrights need road access and workers. Theyalso need to be placed on thecoastline. You’ll know whenyou’ve chosen a good spotwhen you see a greenghost of the build-ing.

No water vessels are available for import or export.

77Industry

Beer. Brewers take the humble barley plant andtransform it into tasty beer at the Brewery. Likepottery, beer is one of the products your citizenswant to have in their homes. Beer is also served atthe Senet House (see page 161).

Linen. Weavers turn flax fibers into linen. Yourcitizens use linen for clothing and want a supply ofthe material in their homes. Mortuaries (see page152) also use linen to perform the embalming rit-ual.

Luxury Goods. Your richest citizens want fine lux-ury goods, and they won’t be satisfied with justone type. The only luxury good you’ll be able tomanufacture, however, is jewelry from gemstones.Jewelers craft these fine pieces in their workshops.To meet your wealthy citizens’ demands, your citywill need to import a second luxury good from atrade partner at significant cost.

While jewelry is expensive to import, it is not alucrative export for your city. Much of theexpense in buying a luxury good is the cost oftransportation, not the cost of materials.

Papyrus. Papyrus Makers hammer reeds intopapyrus. Papyrus is essential to education (seepage 165) in your city. You must have a supply ofpapyrus stored in your Storage Yard to build aLibrary, and both Libraries and Scribal Schoolsneed papyrus to educate your wealthiest citizens.

Bricks. Brick makers combine clay with straw tomake bricks. Bricks are essential to the construc-tion of certain monuments (see pages 132-134,

76 Industry

Chariot Maker

Weaponsmith

Papyrus Maker

Brickworks

Jeweler

Weaver

Shipwright

Brewery

79Industry

SSttoorraaggeeFinished goods and excess raw materials are stored inStorage Yards (see page 84-85). These items can beexported from the city’s Storage Yards, and StorageYard delivery men bring finished goods and raw mate-rials to buildings that require them. Storage Yards andtheir role within the city are discussed fully in the nextchapter.

RRuunnnniinngg EEffffiicciieenntt IInndduussttrriieessEfficient industries are profitable industries. The moregoods an industry turns out, the more money can bemade on the open market, or the better supplied yourcitizens will be with the products and services theycrave. Providing plenty of workers for the city’s indus-tries is a good way to keep them active. An under-staffed industry will turn out products at a much slow-er rate.

When you plan your city’s industries, make sure rawmaterials producers are near their corresponding man-ufacturers. The longer a raw materials delivery man hasto travel to make his delivery, the more likely it is thata manufacturer may fall idle in the meantime.

78 Industry

Your farms produce succulent foods. Yourindustries turn out fine products and useful rawmaterials. How do you get the food and prod-

ucts your citizens demand to them? And how do youengage trade partners? The key is to fully develop yourcity’s distribution system. An efficiently organizedstorage and distribution system will help you meetyour citizens demands for commodities, increase theproductivity of your industries and boost your city’sprofits from trade.

GGrraannaarriieessOnce farmers harvest their crops, hunters prepare theirquarry, fishermen clean their catch and cattle rancherscarve their meat, the food needs someplace to go.That someplace is the Granary.

Each food farm and food-producing structureemploys a cart pusher. These burly fellows are respon-sible for safely delivering food to the Granary. Theywill always seek out the closest Granary first, but willtravel a great distance if all the nearby Granaries haveno room for their product. If all the Granaries in thecity have no room, or if they are understaffed and arenot working properly, cart pushers stand still, con-founded, until a Granary can accept his food again.Info-click on a stagnant cart pusher to find out why heisn’t moving.

Cart pushers will bring their loads to a Storage Yard(see page 84-85), again favoring the closest one, if youhave specifically told the Storage Yard to Accept a par-ticular food. The cart pusher, in fact, will bypass the

Commerce and Trade

Granary

limit on how much the Granary will accept.

Don’t Accept. If you want a Granary to stopaccepting a type of food altogether, click on thebutton until “Don’t Accept” appears. The Granarywill not accept any more deliveries of that partic-ular food, but Bazaar buyers and other Granariescan continue to collect the food until the supplyis completely depleted.

Get Up To. If a Granary runs low on a food youwould like to have on hand, tell it to go get theparticular food. You can specify how much of anitem you would like by using the scroll buttons tothe right of the food. The Granary’s cart pusherswill go to other Granaries or to Storage Yardssearching for the food, and will continue to goafter a particular item until they have met theGranary’s quota. Cart pushers will not collect foodfrom Granaries that have the same “Get” order.Otherwise, the Granaries’ cart pushers would spendtheir time swapping the same load of that com-modity back and forth.

83Commerce and Trade

Granary and take food directly to a Storage Yard if youset the Storage Yard’s special orders (see page 85) for aparticular food to Accept. From the Storage Yards, thefood can be exported to a trade partner.

You can see at a glance how full a Granary is by look-ing through its fill holes at the foodstuffs stored inside.Info-click on the Granary to see exactly how muchfood and which types are stored there.

To build a Granary, click on the Storage andDistribution Structures button on the Control Panel.Granaries need both road access and labor.

Granary Special Orders As your city grows, you might want to give specificorders to certain Granaries to manage the flow of foodin your city. You can give Granaries instructions bychoosing Special Orders from the panel that appearswhen you info-click on a Granary.

In the Special Orders panel, all the types of food avail-able to your city are listed. The default setting is forthe Granary to “Accept All” foods to the maximumamount the Granary can hold. By clicking the buttonnext to the foodstuff, you can choose one of the fol-lowing commands for each item:

Accept All/Fill Granary. You may decide to limithow much of a single item a Granary accepts (forexample, to ensure the Granary carries a variety offoods). You can tell the Granary to Fill anywherefrom 1/4 to 3/4 of the Granary, or not to limitthe amount and Accept All of the foodstuff. Usethe scroll buttons at the right of each item to set a

82 Commerce and Trade

Granary Orders. Give the Granary special orders to manipulate theflow of food.

example, a Storage Yard can hold many more pieces ofpottery than it can blocks of stone. To ensure efficientuse of Storage Yard space, consider using Special Orders(see below).

To find out exactly how much of each item is stored inthe Storage Yard, info-click on it. The screen that popsup lists how much of each item the particular StorageYard has on hand and whether or not it can acceptmore goods. If a Storage Yard can’t hold anymore ofa particular item, the item is displayed in yellow.

Storage Yards employ cart pushers to deliver raw mate-rials to manufacturers that need them and to pick upgoods if they have been given special orders to do so.

Special OrdersYou can give Storage Yards special orders to managethe flow of goods through the city. These orders areidentical to the ones for the Granaries (describedabove on page 82):

accept all/filldon’t acceptgetempty

Use these orders to decide which items a Storage Yardshould and shouldn’t accept and to control the quan-tities of each item. Special Orders can also preventunwanted goods from being delivered to the StorageYard.

BBaazzaaaarrssBazaars are the last link in the chain of getting food


Empty Food. If you want a Granary to stop carry-ing a particular food, click on the button until“Empty Food” appears. The Granary’s cart pusherswill work to find another place for the food stuffuntil the Granary’s stock of that particular item isdepleted.

SSttoorraaggee YYaarrddssOnce the city’s manufacturers have turned out theirproducts, they need a place to send them to be stored.Storage Yards are the repository for all finished goodsand also provide a place for excess raw materials orfood. Storage Yards are also key to trade.

To build a Storage Yard, clickon the Storage andDistribution Structures but-ton on the Control Panel.You will see Storage Yard inthe list that pops up. Tofunction properly, StorageYards need road access and labor.

Once the Storage Yard is operational, delivery menfrom the city’s industries and food producers (if theStorage Yard’s special orders are set to Accept food)make their way to the Storage Yard to deposit theirloads. You can see the items stacked in the yard.

Each Storage Yard is divided into eight sections and canhold up to eight different items. Each section can holdonly one type of item, but more than one section canstore the same item. The quantity of each item thatcan be stored depends upon the item’s size. The larg-er the item, the less of it a Storage Yard can store. For


the trader also finds out what the citizens in the neigh-borhood want next and reports back to the buyers sothat they can procure the appropriate supplies. If citi-zens aren’t demanding food or a certain good, Bazaarbuyers will not purchase it.

To build a Bazaar, click the Storage and DistributionStructures button in the Control Panel. Bazaars needemployees and road access.

Bazaar Special OrdersBy default, buyers try to procure the commodities thecitizens they serve want. To exert more control overthe city’s Bazaars, you can issue Special Orders.

Info-click on a Bazaar, then click the Special Ordersbutton. You will see a list of all the commodities theBazaar is trading. Clicking on each item will give youthe option of telling the Bazaar to buy or not to buythe item.


and commodities to people. They are the linchpin tothe city’s distribution system, and without them theefforts of industries and food producers will be fornaught. Bazaars deliver needed supplies to citizens’houses. Residents never interact directly with StorageYards or Granaries.

Bazaar workers, however, do interact directly withStorage Yards and Granaries to procure needed goodsfrom these locations on behalf of citizens. Each Bazaar

employs two buyers: one to buycommodities from Storage Yards,the other to buy food from

Granaries. Food buyers can only go toGranaries for supplies; goods buyers can

only go to Storage Yards.

Each Bazaar buyer can carry more than oneitem at time, though. For example, if her

Bazaar needs both grain and pomegran-ates, the food buyer can pick up bothfoods.

When a Bazaar buyer has picked up sup-plies, she makes her way back to theBazaar with a train of helpers in tow. The

helpers carry items back to the Bazaar, andthe more of them you see, the more supplies

she has. Info-click on the Bazaar buyer to see specifi-cally what she is bringing back to the Bazaar.

Bazaars also employ traders to bring the food andgoods to the populace. Traders sell whatever com-modities the Bazaar has on hand, whether food orgood. Houses are supplied with items from the Bazaarwhen the trader walks by. As she passes each house,


Bazaar Special Orders. Click on Buy or Don’t Buy to change theBazaar’s orders.

Bazaar

Plan Specialized Storage Yards. If you have built aStorage Yard for the sole purpose of supplyingBazaars with the goods they need, consider usingSpecial Orders to tell the Storage Yard to specializeonly in goods for the home. Set the Storage Yard’sorders to “Don’t Accept” for goods citizens can’tuse, like weapons, wood, etc. This prevents theStorage Yard from being clogged with items thatpeople deem useless.

Carefully Plan Roads. If there are well-suppliedGranaries and Storage Yards near a given Bazaar, itprobably won’t have a problem keeping food andgoods on the shelves. The Bazaar may still have aproblem getting these supplies to housing, how-ever, if the city’s roads are not laid out well.

The trader is responsible for bringing supplies fromthe Bazaar to housing. The trader is a roamer (seepage 51), and does not follow a set path. Everytime she encounters an intersection, she mustchoose which way to go, and she won’t choose thesame way every time. The more intersections shecomes across, the less predictable her pathbecomes. And, as the trader is off wanderingaround the city, housing that needs the goods andfoods she provides will go without, and they willdevolve.

To keep traders on the straight and narrow, try notto build too many intersections in the city.Another good tool for controlling traders is theRoadblock (see page 109). When a trader — orany other roamer — encounters a Roadblock, sheturns around and heads in the other direction.The Roadblock helps prevent traders from wander-


PPllaannnniinngg aann EEffffiicciieenntt DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn SSyysstteemmThe Storage Yard, the Granary and the Bazaar are thebasic components of your city’s distribution system.Understanding how these three structures interrelatewill help you keep your citizens supplied with the foodand goods they want. Meeting your citizens’ materialneeds leads to better-quality housing, which leads toan increased Prosperity Rating and allows you to col-lect more taxes. Keep the following tips in mind asyou plan your city to ensure that housing receives asteady supply of the food and goods they need.

Build Bazaars Near Storage Yards and Granaries.Keeping your city’s Bazaars well supplied will go along way to keeping citizens’ material wants incheck. The best way to keep the city’s Bazaarsbustling with commodities is to place them near aGranary and a Storage Yard so that buyers canmake frequent, short trips.

Use Special Orders to Keep Outlying Storage Yardsand Granaries Supplied. As your city expands, youshould build Storage Yards and Granaries in outly-ing areas to keep the Bazaars there stocked withgoods. These outlying Storage Yards andGranaries will most likely have difficulty procuringsupplies unless you use Special Orders. If you telloutlying Granaries and Storage Yards to “Get”items, cart pushers will issue forth to retrieve thestuff from storage facilities that have some.Enabling the “Get” order does not prevent buyersfrom taking commodities from Granaries orStorage Yards.


Deliverymen always bringgoods to the closestStorage Yard or Granarythat can accept their load.Outlying Storage Yards andGranaries may never havesupplies delivered to themunless they have been givenspecial orders.

TTrraaddeeFew Egyptian cities are completely self-sufficient.Most lack the ability to produce a necessary food orgood. To adequately provide for its citizens, a citymust trade with others to procure some items it needs.

The financial benefit for the city can be great, too.Chances are, a city will make much more money fromexporting goods than from taxation.

Opening a Trade RouteBefore your city can reap the benefits of healthy traderelations, you must first open a trade route. To find


ing off into the industrial or other non-residentialsections of the city.

If citizens are not supplied with the food and goodsthey want, build more Bazaars. As housing devel-ops and evolves, it grows more spacious, and moreresidents can call it home. Be sure to build moreBazaars as more people move into a neighborhood.

Be patient. Setting up a distribution system is along process, and it can take time for the system towork properly.


plete, I returned to Khmunhotep's house to bidhim and his family farewell. Imagine mypleasure when Khmunhotep graciously invitedme to stay a while. I gratefully accepted hisoffer, and made the necessary arrangements.

To properly thank Khmunhotep andNefernetka for their generosity, I stopped bythe local Bazaar to find them a present. TheBazaar was teeming with activity. Tradershad set their wares out, and local residentswere examining the goods, offering grain,linen and other items in exchange. My firststop was at the brewer's stand. To slake mythirst, I bought some beer. The beer was freshlybrewed, and the ingredients used for flavor-ing floated on top. Luckily, the mug had astraw with a filter attached so that I didn'tswallow the sediment along with the tastybrew.

I made my way through the boothsoffering linen, pomegranates, figs and potteryuntil I found the jeweler's booth. I found abeautiful beaded collar and offered someivory in exchange. After striking my bargain,I returned to Khmunhotep's home, happy thatI would be able to stay longer in Egypt and seemore of this fascinating land.

Goods from Near and FarAhket, 12th year of RamessesMid-afternoonDear Journal,

It was time to deal with the matter athand. I had been charged with conducting asuccessful trade mission to Egypt on behalf ofmy homeland. While Syria is a beautiful landthat provides much for its people, our crops arenot always reliable. The rain is unpre-dictable, and many years our harvest is pal-try. We look to Egypt to supplement our stocks,offering her the things she lacks.

I went to the Storage Yard and waspleased to see that thieves had left our stocksalone. On this trip, we brought ivory, wineand weapons for trade. I visited the trademinister, one ofPharaoh's closest advi-sors, to strike the deal.In exchange for ourfine goods, we receivedvaluable papyrus andan enormous amountof grain that will gofar in feeding our peo-ple. My business com-

options: you can set your own import guidelinesor allow the Overseer to do so. When you set aspecific import guideline, the city will continue toimport the item as long as it has less than the spec-ified amount stored in its Storage Yards. If you letthe Overseer of Commerce set his own guidelines,he’ll consider the city’s needs for the items on anongoing basis and import an appropriate amountas needed.

Exporting. Much of the time, the same com-modities you export are valued by your citizens aswell. To keep your citizens happy, be sure to keepan adequate supply of the commodities you areexporting in the city’s Storage Yards. You caneither set a specific amount that should be kept in


out which cities are willing to engage in trade, click onthe World Map button on the Control Panel. A mapof the world appears with other cities clearly marked.Cities willing to trade with your city are flying a flag.

Click on one of the cities flying a flag to see whichitems and in what quantities its merchants want totrade. The quantities listed show that particular city’ssupply or demand for the year. These amounts canfluctuate with changing situations, but once your citybuys or sells the specified amount for a certain item, itcannot deal in that commodity with that particulartrade partner for the rest of the year.

Beneath the list of items is a button with the price foropening the trade route. Click on this button toauthorize the expenditure from the city’s treasury andto open the trade route.

Importing and ExportingOnce you’ve opened a trade route, tell your Overseerof Commerce to import or export a commodity. TheOverseer of Commerce’s screen lists all the commodi-ties available to the city, whether through the city’sown industries or through importation. Next to eachitem is the amount currently stored in the city, fol-lowed by the trade status of the item. The Overseer ofCommerce tells you if an item can be imported orexported. Click on one of these items, and a screenpops up describing the status of that particular indus-try in your city. Click one of the top buttons to begintrading a commodity.

Importing. Once you have told your Overseer ofCommerce to import an item, you have two


Overseer of Commerce’s Screen. The Overseer of Commerce’s screenshow you wealth of information regarding goods and foods available toyour city.

World Map Button

and labor. Once a trade ship has docked, cart pushersfrom the Dock busily unload commodities and bringthem to the city’s Storage Yards, and then load anygoods the city is exporting to this partner and bringthem back to the Dock. It’s a good idea to build aStorage Yard near your Dock to shorten the cart push-ers’ journeys.

Commodity PricingYour Overseer of Commerce knows the going rate forcommodities throughout the world. To see howmuch items sell or can be purchased for, click on theShow Prices button on the Overseer’s screen. Tradestatus is replaced with price information. The pricesshown are per transaction. Click the button again toreturn to the trade status screen.

When you visit your Overseer of Commerce, you’llnotice that buyers pay more for a commodity thansellers receive. Merchants incur expenses transportingitems for sale and make up the difference by chargingbuyers more than sellers receive for items. Luxurygoods are an excellent example of the differencebetween the buyer’s price and the seller’s price.Because it is so dangerous to transport luxury goods,traders charge a large sum to those wishing to buythem. For the same reason, they pay a small price tothose wishing to sell them.


the Storage Yards or let the Overseer of Commercedetermine how much of an item should be kepton hand; then, any surplus items will be exported.

Once you have told the Overseer of Commerce tobegin trading a certain item, its trade status will beupdated in the Overseer of Commerce’s screen. Thescreen shows which items are being imported andexported. It also shows whether you have set your owntrade guidelines or if you have left these decisions upto you Overseer of Commerce.

Sometimes, you can either import or export a com-modity, giving you more flexibility as you plan yourindustries. Deciding whether to import or export acommodity depends upon your goals. If you want tobolster the city’s income, then devote the labor need-ed to produce the commodity and export it. If youwant to use the city’s labor for another purpose, thenimport the commodity. You can never import andexport the same item at the same time.

A good way to make money, however, is to import araw material and export a finished product.Manufacturing products from imported raw materialsis the best way to make money, and no other source ofincome will match the potential revenue generated bymanufacturing.

Sea and River TradeSome of the city’s trade partners come by water. Greattrading vessels float down the Nile, but they won’t doyour city any good if they don’t have a place to dock.Build a Dock on the coastline for these barges to moor.To function properly, Docks must also have road access


Residents have many expectations of their city.They expect to feel safe and to have theirhomes protected from fire. They also expect

city officials to beautify surroundings by plantingGardens, improving roads and erecting Statues.

These benefits, however, do come at a price. Residentsalso expect their government to levy taxes. Whilemoney earned from exporting commodities will likelybe the city’s primary source of income, tax moneynevertheless is an important contributor to any city’scoffers.

Click on the Municipal Structures button to see all theservices a city can offer its citizens, as well as all themeans of making them pay for these services.

CCoonnssttaabblleess aanndd MMaaggiissttrraatteessMost citizens are content to live peaceable lives. Whenthey have complaints about a city, they voice themcalmly or find greener pastures elsewhere. A few, how-ever, express their displeasure through acts of crime. Asizable force of constables and magistrates will helpkeep the disgruntled at bay.

Constables work out of Police Stations, and magis-trates work out of Courthouses. Both these buildingsneed road access and a supply of labor. Once thesebuildings are operational, you will see constables walk-ing their beats, and magistrates strolling through thecity’s neighborhoods. Info-click on these buildings tosee if they have full employment and to see what theiremployees are doing.

Municipal Functions

The Municipal StructuresButton

Police Station

When constables and magistrates pass by a house, theyreduce the likelihood that a criminal will emerge fromthat house. Keep in mind, though, that constables andmagistrates do not follow a set route. They roam thecity’s streets, and, like other roaming walkers, everytime they encounter an intersection they must decidewhich way to go. See page 51 for more on walkers whoroam the city.

Courthouses serve the additional function of storingpart of your city’s treasury. For more on money inyour city, see page 102.

CCiittyy SSeennttiimmeenntt aanndd CCrriimmeePoor City Sentiment is caused when citizens’ basicneeds are not met. Factors contributing to poor CitySentiment include low wages, high taxes, not enoughfood and not enough jobs. Social inequality alsoworsens citizens’ moods. Residents become upset ifthey are paying taxes while others are getting off scottfree, or if they are denied services that others in the cityhave.

When citizens become angry enough, they turn tocrime. Their aim is to steal money, either from thecity’s treasury or from your family savings. To seewhich houses are likely to spawn thieves, use the Risks:Crime Overlay (see page 204). When viewing thisoverlay, the city’s houses are replaced with columns;the higher the column, the more likely it is that thehouse will set a criminal loose on the city.

Once a criminal hits the streets, magistrates are power-less to stop him. Constables, however, can apprehendand subdue criminals before they strike. Crime will be

99Municipal Functions98 Municipal Functions

Courthouse

At the BazaarProyet, 12th year of RamessesMorningDear Journal,

Today I went to the Bazaar again,this time with Nefernetka. Nefernetka usuallydoes not go to the Bazaar herself, but relies onthe traders that work their way through theneighborhoods. But, today we went to theBazaar ourselves, I think because Nefernetkawanted to be sure to entertain me.

We stopped by a weaver's booth, wherethe finest linen was set out for examination.The best linen is the thinnest, and indeed thisweaver must be well know for her skill becauseI could see right through some of her cloth.While we were admiring her linen, a commo-tion erupted behind us. A small monkey, bit-ing for all he was worth, was firmly latchedon to the ankle of a man trying to steal asmall piece of jewelry. Alerted by the cries, aconstable came over to address matters. Thewoman at the weaver's booth, shaking herhead, said, "That's the second time this monththat Meryptah has been caught stealing. Lasttime, the magistrate let him off with 50 blows.He won't be so lenient this time."

After we returned home, I wentout to the lovely garden next toKhmunhotep and Nefernetka'shouse. The garden is replete withsacred lotus blossoms, chrysan-

themums and irises. In thecenter is a lovely statue,flanked by sycamore trees.

Trees are rare in Egyptand considered to besacred residences of the

gods.

inspecting buildings for damage.

You can check to see if a particular building has a riskof collapse by using the Risks: Damage Overlay (seepage 206). If you notice that a certain building orgroup of buildings has a high risk of collapse, you maywant to place an Architect’s post nearby to ensure thatan architect provides his services (see page 51 for moreon roaming walkers).

Collapse can have catastrophic effects. If a Granary orStorage Yard collapses, any food or goods stored therewill be lost.

FFiirree PPrreevveennttiioonnSome buildings in your city are prone to fire. Likelycandidates include run-down housing and industrybuildings like potters. If you do nothing to stop it, firecan spread through the city, destroying whole sectionsat one time. To prevent this, build Firehouses nearbuildings that are likely to catch fire. To find outwhich buildings could go up in smoke, use the Risks:Fire overlay. The Fire Overlay shows you where thehighest risk of fire is, indicating where you may needmore Firehouses.

PPaallaacceessOne of the most majestic buildings in the city is thePalace. This building is a physical reminder of Egypt’spower.

A city can have only one Palace, and the buildingserves as its seat of government. Without this impor-tant meeting place, the city cannot collect taxes. ThePalace, however, does not send out its own tax collec-

101Municipal Functions

averted if a constable encounters a criminal on thecity’s streets. Providing for your citizens’ basic needsto maintain high City Sentiment, though, is the bestway to prevent crime.

OOtthheerr SSeeccuurriittyy IIssssuueessCity Defense. Constables try to defend the city fromany threat. If the city is invaded, constables will dotheir best to defeat the foe. They are not, however,equipped with deadly weapons, nor are they schooledin the art of war. Defeating an enemy army is a tallorder for constables, but it is a feat the constables canaccomplish if there is a tremendous number of themengaged in the fight.

Animal Predators. Similarly, if animals attack the city’sinhabitants, constables will step in to help.Animal predators, though, are quitefierce, and it may take more thanone constable to subdue them.Dangerous animals include croco-diles, hyenas and hippopotamuses.Military solutions are usually the best defense against

animals. A company of soldiers or javelinsthrown from towers can make quick work ofthe animal predators.

SSttrruuccttuurraall FFllaawwssLarge structures, like Storage Yards, mines, Granaries,Temples, and Temple Complexes, are prone to collapse.Architects patrolling your streets repair structural flawsbefore disaster strikes. Architects are based inArchitect’s posts, and info-clicking on this buildingtells you if it is operational and how many employeesit has. Once the building is functional, architects begin

100 Municipal Functions

Architect’s post

Firehouse

When your city is new and its industries are in theirinfancies, taxes are essential to keeping the city solvent.Even when trade revenue picks up, charging citizenstaxes can provide a sizable supplement to the city’sincome.

Setting a Tax RateBy default, the tax rate is set at 9 percent. To changethis rate, either info-click on the city’s Palace or visitthe Overseer of the Treasury. Setting the city’s tax rateat the Palace is described on the previous page.

The Overseer of the Treasury provides you with awealth of information that will help you decide at whatlevel to set the tax rate. In addition to listing the taxrate itself, he tells you what percentage of the popula-tion is currently registered for the tax (that is, howmany are visited by tax collectors), and how much rev-enue is generated. He also knows how much moremoney the city would earn if every citizen was regis-tered for the tax.

With this information, you candecide what to do about thecity’s tax rate. If the city isn’tearning enough from taxes, theanswer may be to build moreTax Collectors’ offices. Use theAdministration: Tax IncomeOverlay (see page 208) to seewhich neighborhoods aren’tpaying their fair share.

Raising taxes can be a good ideaif the city is in debt and needs a


tors. You need to build Tax Collectors’ offices (seepage 104) to take in what the city is owed.

In addition to road access andlabor, at least one partof the Palace must beon grassland to supplyit with ground water.

High ranking officials fromEgypt and abroad stay in the

Palace when visiting the city.

The Palace also provides an “at-a-glance” look at yourratings. When you hold the cursor over the building,a balloon listing your ratings, the tax rate and theunemployment rate appears.

You can also set your city’s tax rate by info-clicking onthe Palace. On the pop-up panel, the tax rate is listed.Click the buttons to the right of the tax rate adjust itup or down.

If the city is fortunate enough to have Gold Minesnearby (see page 70), the Palace accepts the gold oreand converts it into cash.

Palaces come in three different sizes: Village, Town andCity. In each city, only one of these sizes will be avail-able to build, depending on the rank you haveattained.

TTaaxxeess aanndd MMoonneeyyOnce the Palace is built, the city can begin collectingtaxes.


lives are hard enough; you might choose not to add totheir burden by taking their meager savings.

Also be sure to tax all the city’s residents fairly. If onlyabout half of the city’s inhabitants are visited by a taxcollector, they will become disgruntled quickly, whichcould lower City Sentiment and cause people to turnto a life of crime. Fairness is important to Egyptians,and they want to be sure that people in similar stationsas themselves are also paying tax.

Tax Collectors’ offices, like the Palace andCourthouses, each store a portion of your city’s funds.

TThhee CCiittyy TTrreeaassuurryyThe money the city makes from collecting taxes, min-ing gold, receiving gifts and exporting goods is storedin vaults located in the Palace, the Tax Collectors’offices and the Courthouses. The Palace has the largestvault and can store the most money. Each Courthousecan store about half of what a Palace can store. TaxCollectors’ offices can store about one-third of whatthe Palace stores. If one of these buildings is destroyedby invaders, some of the city’s funds will be plundered.If you demolish one of these buildings yourself, thecity’s treasury will not be affected.

The City’s Funds and DebtYour Overseer of the Treasury keeps a running tally ofthe treasury’s balance and provides the previous year’sinformation for comparison’s sake. He uses severalline items in his assessment of your city’s fortunes. Byvisiting him, you will be able to see the city’s sourcesof income. You’ll also be able to see where the city’smoney goes.


quick influx of money. Increasing taxes, however, isnot a good long-term solution to the city’s moneyproblems. A high tax rate has a dramatic negativeeffect on City Sentiment, and citizens will not toleratehigh taxes for long. Many of them will move fromyour city, draining your city of its work force. Othercitizens may turn to crime (see page 47). Be judiciouswhen raising the city’s tax rate, and carefully watchyour citizens’ reactions.

Lowering taxes, on the other hand, pleases your citi-zens. They will praise your name in the streets as a wiseand benevolent ruler.

Tax CollectorsCitizens do expect to pay taxes, but they need a littleprodding. Tax collectors go door to door, assessingwhat each household can afford and making sure citi-zens are paying their fair share.

Tax collectors work out of Tax Collectors’ offices.These buildings need road access and labor in order tooperate. The city must also have a Palace (see page101) before you can build Tax Collectors’ offices. If thePalace is destroyed, the Tax Collectors’ offices willremain, but they will no longer send out tax collectors.

Build Tax Collectors’ offices anywhere you have hous-es to ensure that most citizens are registered for thetax. Sometimes, it may not be advantageous to have atax collector patrolling in particularly poor areas ofyour city. Your poorest citizens will not owe much intaxes, and the amount your tax collectors collect fromthem may not outweigh the expense of building a TaxCollector post and paying its staff. Your poor citizens’


Tax Collectors’ office

Pharaoh’s Palace and Industrial LifeProyet, 12th year of RamessesMorningDear Journal

Early this morning, Khmunhotep andI made our way to the center of town to acolossal Mansion. It is one of Pharaoh's manyhomes, and a great fortune is locked in itsvaults. On the side of the Palace is a large,artificial lake. Pharaoh and his favorite wifesail their barge, Amun Gleams, there. ThePalace is also home to 317 Hittite women,whom Pharaoh received as part of a dowry formarrying a Hittite princess.

From the palace, we headed for theindustrial district. Khmunhotep is familiarwith my fascination for the way things work

and knew I would enjoy avisit to some of the town’smanufacturers. Acacophony greeted us: thepounding of the papyrusmakers intermingled withthe chatter of the linenweavers. Waves of heatemanated from the fiery

kiln at the potters' workshop, and the potterbarked orders to his assistant, insisting thathe turn the wheel faster. The assistant'swhine, 'I can't turn this any faster,' added tothe noise. Distinct smells wafted through theair, particularly the hearty scent of maltedbarley being made into beer.

make these interest payments every year, even if it hasto borrow more money to do so. If the city owesmore than 5,000 debens, you won’t be able to buildany new structures, but the city will be able to incureven more debt due to interest payments. Watch thecity’s funds carefully, and do all you can to avoid debt.

If the city incurs debt, others in Egypt may begin toquestion your abilities to successfully govern a city.Debt damages your Kingdom Rating (see page 194),and the city may be attacked if your Kingdom Ratingsinks low enough. Unless you have an extremely large,well-trained military to defeat these armies and navies,the city will be destroyed and you will fail the mission.

MMaannssiioonnssBecause of your family’s importance, you areallowed to build a Mansion using fundsfrom the city’s treasury. Your residence isa grand structure, and neighboring citizensswell with pride when they pass by your home.In addition to providing a place for respite, your resi-dence stores your family savings (see below). In fact,you cannot draw a salary until you have built aMansion.

The Mansion must have road access. It does notrequire labor, but, because it is your home, it must bebuilt on grassland to supply it with ground water. Atleast one part of the Mansion must be placed overgreen grass.

As your family becomes more prominent, you will beable to build bigger Mansions. The sizes of Mansionsare Personal, Family and Dynasty.


If you spend too much, the city will obviously go intodebt. The Kingdom will extend a credit line of up to5,000 debens, but this comes with a price. TheKingdom charges a sizable interest rate, so paying thecity’s debt off quickly is very important. The city must


Overseer and click on the button “Send a Gift.” Youhave three choices of gifts to send, each one increasingon the previous one’s lavishness. Consider how muchyour family has saved, and choose a gift accordingly.

If the city is about to go in the red, you may want tosupplement the city’s funds with your family’s savings.Debt is not looked upon lightly in the Kingdom (seepage 194). If your funds can save the city from incur-ring debt, you’d be well served to contribute it to thecity’s coffers.

Your Political Overseer will manage the process of giv-ing from your family savings. Visit him, and click onthe “Give to City” button to begin the transaction.Specify an amount, and click on the “Give to City”button. Your Political Overseer will ensure that thecity’s treasury receives the funds.

RRooaaddbblloocckkssRoadblocks help you control the paths roaming walk-ers take. When walkers who roam the city encounter


YYoouurr SSaallaarryyAll your toiling to build a great Egyptian city does notgo unrewarded. You are granted a salary based on yourrank. As long as you have a Mansion, you can earn anincome. If you think you are worth more (or less)than what you are paid, you can adjust your own salaryaccordingly. Keep in mind that others in the Kingdommay not look too kindly on you if you pay yourself ahefty salary. They will question your dedication to theKingdom, and your Kingdom Rating (see page 194)may suffer the consequences of your ego.

The Political Overseer (see page 198) saves your salaryfor your family and keeps track of you family savingsbalance. Family savings are stored in your residenceand usually are passed down to your heirs. If the cen-tral government breaks down, signifying the end of aPeriod, your family savings are lost.

Spending Your Family SavingsThere are two ways to spend your family savings: youcan send gifts to the people of Egypt or give to thecity.

To maintain a good reputation in the Kingdom, themost important thing you can do is establish a thriv-ing, profitable city. Of course, those who donate giftsto Egypt are thought of very highly. Be forewarned,though, that people in the Kingdom become boredquickly, so your gifts must become fancier and moreexpensive over time. If they don’t, others might thinkyou are getting cheap, and your standing in theKingdom could decrease.

To send a gift to the Kingdom, visit your Political


Send a Gift. Visit your Political Overseer to send a gift. You havethree gifts from which to choose.

FerriesWater can also be crossed with ferries. Ferries aremuch more versatile than Bridges and do not blockwater traffic.

To provide ferry service to the city, two Ferry Landingsmust be built. Like other coastal structures, FerryLandings must be built on a smooth section of coast.As with other structures, you will know if you havepicked an appropriate place to build your FerryLanding if you see a green ghost of the building. Afteryou place the first Landing, you will see green squareson the opposite coast. You may build the other FerryLanding on any of these green squares.

Both Ferry Landings must have staff androad access before either will operate,

so you’ll probably need to desig-nate some housing on the far side of

the river as soon as you build theLandings. Ferry masters provide their own boats, sothe services of a Shipwright are not needed.

Once you have built the Ferry Landings,emigrants and immigrants can cross thewater. Because they use their own boats, emi-grants and immigrants can use Ferry Landings even ifthe buildings do not have road access or labor. FerryLandings, however, do need road access and labor tocarry other people back and forth.

All destination walkers can use the ferries (see page 50for more on destination walkers). This includes buy-ers from the Bazaar on their way to storage facilitiesand entertainers making their way from performer


a Roadblock, they turn around. Roadblocks do notaffect destination walkers. See page 50 for more onwalkers.

Build a Roadblock anywhere that your roaming walk-ers don’t need to go, for example, on the road to yourindustrial areas. Be wary, though, of isolating areasentirely from walkers who roam the city. The sameRoadblock that keeps a trader from the Bazaar fromwandering into the industrial sector also turns backarchitects, fire marshals and constables. It also stopslabor recruiters from walking from the industrial areato your housing sector where they find employees.

WWaatteerr CCrroossssiinnggssEgypt wouldn’t survive without the Nile, but the riverdoes cause an interesting wrinkle in city planning.Luckily, you can access both fertile shores of the Nileby building water crossings.

BridgesA Bridge is an inexpensive way to cross a small body ofwater. It can only cross a short expanse of water, andno ships can pass under it, including fishing boats andwarships. Use a Bridge if the distance to be spanned issmall and if there’s no boat traffic on the body ofwater.

Bridges must be built on a smooth section of coastline,and there must be a corresponding smooth section ofcoastline on the opposite shore. If a bridge may bebuilt on the location you choose, you will see a green“ghost” of the bridge as you try to place it. If thebridge cannot be built, you will see a red square.


Should your water crossingbe damaged, it is impor-tant to rebuild it as soon aspossible. Residents andindustry cut off from themain road (the road thatexisted when you beganbuilding your city) willshortly die if they remainboxed in.

Bridge

Road Block

only for the cost of one of the buildings.

BBeeaauuttiiffiiccaattiioonnNo matter how many goods and services the city pro-vides, its inhabitants won’t feel that they live in a greatcity unless their surroundings are attractive. Beautifi-cation structures give a city character and make citi-zens feel that all their hard work has a purpose.Beautification also has a positive impact on a neigh-borhood’s desirability. For more on desirability, seepage 42

GardensGardens provide a place for your citizens to relax aftera hard day’s work, and their lushness provides shelterfrom the hot Egyptian sun. All citizens like to haveGardens nearby; some may demand them.

To plan a Garden, choose them from theBeautification tab under Municipal Structures.Gardens become more impressive the more space youdevote to them. While citizens appreciate smallGardens, they like large Gardens the best.

Gardens do not need road access or labor and cannotcollapse or catch fire. Walkers who do not need towalk on roads, like fire marshals on their way to extin-guish a fire, can cut through Gardens.

PlazasPlazas are intricately tiled roads. They can only be builton roads that citizens have already paved (see page 40for more on paved roads). They add a touch of quali-ty to your city’s neighborhoods.


schools to entertainment venues. Soldiers can also useferries if they are going from the Recruiter or Academyto their fort. Companies of soldiers, however, mustuse military transport ships to cross the river (see page182).

Each Ferry Landing has one ferry boat. Both boats waituntil one boat has four passengers before making theircrossings. The four passengers can be any combinationof destination walkers. If a delivery man with goods isone of the passengers, the goods he is transporting arealso ferried across the river. A ferry boat will set sailbefore it has a full load of passengers if enough timepasses.

If there is no more room on a ferry boat, people willpatiently wait in line until space opens up. If younotice long lines, consider building additional FerryLandings.

Should one of the Ferry Landings be destroyed, youcan rebuild it by selecting “Ferry Landing” from theMunicipal Structures: Water Crossings menu, thenclicking on the Landing that has not been destroyed.When you do so, the familiar green squares againappear on the opposite shore, and you can rebuild theother Ferry Landing. The city’s treasury will be charged


Plaza

While gardens do pro-vide a place for your citi-zens to relax, they do notproduce any food.

Garden


To build them, click on the Plazas button in theMunicipal Structures: Beautification list. Then, click onthe paved road. You can place Plazas one section at atime, or drag the mouse to place Plazas over a largestretch of road.

Plazas do not change the road’s carrying capacity orwalkers’ speed of travel on them, and they do notrequire labor.

StatuesStatues are reminders of everything that makesEgyptians proud.

Statues come in three sizes: small, medium andlarge. Each size offers two options. After you haveselected the size of Statue you want, hold themouse over the location you’ve chosen and press“R” on the keyboard until the style of statue you

want is facing the direction you like. Then,click the mouse button to place the statue.

The larger the Statue, the greater its effecton desirability. Statues do not need

road access and cannot collapse orcatch fire.


The gods are credited with much of what is goodin Egypt. They influence all aspects of anEgyptian city, from the Nile’s floods to the suc-

cess of its industry to the health of its citizens. If youappease them, they will reward you. Should you fail topay proper respect, beware. The gods act swiftly toremind you where your attention should lie.

TThhee GGooddss ooff EEggyyppttFive major gods are revered in Egypt, but not all arenecessarily worshiped in every city. While some citiesworship all five gods, others may worship only one ortwo. Each deity influences a specific aspect of life.

Osiris. Osiris is the God ofAgriculture and the Nile Flood.Keeping him appeased will helpensure that the Nile floods its bankspredictably. Ignoring him could

wreak havoc with the annual flood, making it par-ticularly destructive or, worse, causing it not tohappen at all.

Ra. As God of the Kingdom, Rainfluences your standing withinEgypt. He can affect trade andother Kingdom-related matters.

Ptah. Ptah, God of Craftsmen,watches over industry in your city.He can make your industries moreproductive, or he can destroy them.

Religion and the Gods

the Overseer of the Temples. He knows which gods areworshiped by the citizens and how each god is feelingtowards the city.

RReelliiggiioouuss BBuuiillddiinnggssThe best way to keep the gods appeased is to make sureplenty of buildings are dedicated to them. There areseveral different buildings from which to choose, asyou will see when you click on the “ReligiousStructures” button on the Control Panel.

Shrines. Shrines are the simplest religious struc-tures you can build. They do not require roadaccess, but they do need to be within two spaces ofthe road to receive services from fire marshals andarchitects. A Shrine’s sole purpose is to please thegod to which it is dedicated. While they have apositive effect on a neighborhood’s desirability,they do not provide citizens access to religion.Shrines do not employ workers.

Temples. Temples are much larger structures thanShrines, and active worship of the gods occursinside them. When a Temple is built, you mustdedicate it to a particular god. Once the Temple isfully operational, you will see priests on your city’sstreets bringing religion to your people.

Temple Complexes. Generally, you can build aTemple Complex only for the patron god of thecity. Sometimes, you can build a Temple Complexto a local deity if that deity is particularly impor-tant. A city can only have one Temple Complexat a time, so be careful before you build one to alocal deity. The patron god could become quite

119Religion and the Gods

Shrine

Seth. As god of Destruction, Seth ismost interested in tools of destruc-tion. His main area of influence,then, is your military. He canbestow protection on your soldiersor heartlessly strike them down, depending onhow well you treat him.

Bast. Bast is the Goddess of theHome and touches your citizens’lives by affecting their health andwell-being. If she smiles upon thecity, she will help make sure citizens

are well fed and satisfied. Incur her wrath, and shewill destroy people’s homes or their health.

PPaattrroonn GGooddss aanndd LLooccaall DDeeiittiieessMost cities have a patron god. This god pays specialattention to the city, but also requires more attentionfrom it. Cities might also worship local deities. Whilethey may lack the stature of the city’s patron god, localdeities still punish or reward a city based on its behav-ior.

You must do more to keep the city’s patron godappeased. The patron god expects to have moreTemples and Shrines dedicated to him or her than thedeities in your city. To do great honor to the patrongod, build a Temple Complex for him or her.

Local deities know that they won’t receive as muchattention as the patron god, but each local deitydemands equal treatment to other local deities.

To find out if the gods are satisfied with the city, visit

118 Religion and the Gods

Temple

Religious StructuresButton

yield from fishing and hunting.

Ra’s Temple ComplexRa smiles upon the city when it has dedicated aTemple Complex to him, and he rewards the cityby making sure others in the Kingdom smile uponit. Building a Temple Complex for Ra increasesyour Kingdom Rating and, should the city finditself in debt, allows you to get away with paying a


upset, and the city will likely feel his or her anger.

Temple Complexes are costly, but worth theexpense as their mere presence provides benefits tothe city.

TTeemmpplleess CCoommpplleexxeess,, AAllttaarrss aanndd OOrraacclleess Once you place the Temple Complex, you can buildadditional structures onto it. These are called anOracle and an Altar. Each Altar and Oracle is dedicat-ed to a different, minor god, enabling your city tohonor three gods with one building. While the godshonored with Oracles and Altars are of smaller stature,they still bring benefits to your city.

Osiris’ Temple ComplexWhen you build a Temple Complex for Osiris, helooks to the Nile to reward the city. The Nile ismore likely to have good floods when there is aTemple Complex for Osiris in the city. You canbuild the following additions onto Osiris’ TempleComplex:

Altar of Sebek, God of Fertility. Sebek grantspriests of Osiris the power to stretch the city’ssupplies of food and goods. As priests ofOsiris walk through your city, the people inthe houses they pass are suddenly satisfiedwith less.

Oracle of Min, God of Regeneration. Whenyour city honors Min with an Oracle, heblesses the city by speeding the regrowth oftrees and reeds, increasing the rate at whichprey animals reproduce and improving the


A visit to the TempleProyet, 12th year of RamessesAfternoonDear Journal,

Khmunhotep took me to a templededicated to Ra. This great temple wasabsolutely beautiful with engravings andpaintings covering its surface. Two greatobelisks flanked the temple's front entrance.The obelisks were capped with gold thatmirrors the sun's brilliant rays.Khmunhotep and I purchased some foodand left it as an offering. We entered thecourtyard and joined the throngs of peoplewho had come there to pay homage to thegod. While there, Khmunhotep asked thegod whetherhis sonwould be asuccessfulscribe. Thegod repliedin the affir-mative, andKhmunhotepleft the tem-ple a happyman.


lower interest rate. Building an Altar and Oracleonto the Temple Complex of Ra helps you man-age the city’s affairs:

Altar of Ma’at, Goddess of Justice. Throughpriests of Ra, Ma’at bestows a calming effecton your city. As they pass by houses, theylower the likelihood that the house willunleash a criminal. The simple presence of theAltar reduces the city’s overall risk of crimebreaking out.

Oracle of Horus, God of the Pharaohs. ThisOracle increases citizens’ dedication toPharaoh and to the Kingdom, encouragingthem to accept a lower wage without affectingtheir mood.

Ptah’s Temple ComplexWhen you build him a Temple Complex, Ptahspeeds the production of many of your city’sindustries, including Gold Mines, Copper MinesGemstone Mines, Clay Pits, Shipwrights, Jewelersand Weavers. The Altar and Oracle in Ptah’sTemple Complex speed the production of otherindustries and improves educators’ abilities:

Altar of Amon, God of the Sun. Honored byyour attention, Amon spurs quarries, WoodCutters, and Brickworks to work more quick-ly.

Oracle of Thoth, God of Wisdom andLearning. Thoth’s goal is to bring the light oflearning to as many people as possible. Whenyou build an Oracle of Thoth, librarians and


teachers use less papyrus to educate the city’sinhabitants.

Seth’s Temple ComplexWhen a city has a Temple Complex dedicated tohim, Seth instills a fierce will in the city’s soldiers,granting them more experience and protectingthem in battle. The additions to Seth’s TempleComplex are:

Altar of Anubis, God of Death. Anubis giveseasier access to eternal life for citizens in thecity. With his blessing, embalmers need lesslinen to prepare bodies for eternity.

Oracle of Sekhmet, Goddess of War. Sekhmetendows priests of Seth with the power toreduce the risk of crime in the houses that

Temple Complex. While costly, Temple Complexes providetremendous benefits to your city.

crossroads intersection, but it does not require labor.Each city can have only one Festival Square.

Once you have built a Festival Square, info-click on itor visit your Overseer of the Temples (see page 202)to order a festival. The Overseer of the Temples knowshow long it has been since the last festival in your city,and how long it has been since a festival has beenthrown in the honor of each god.

Decide which god you would like to dedicate a festivalto and then click on the “Hold a Festival” button. Anew screen pops up with pictures of each of the godsworshiped in the city. Specify the one you would liketo honor with a festival, then decide how large a festi-val to throw.

Common festivals are the most economical, but havethe least effect on the gods and the city’s residents.Lavish festivals are more appreciated by the gods, andyour citizens enjoy the revelry these offer. Grand fes-tivals are the most popular with both the gods andyour citizens. Beer flows freely at grand festivals, andbefore you can throw one, there must be enough beerstored in the city’s Storage Yards. Your Overseer of theTemples tells you how much is needed. If a god is par-ticularly angry with the city, throwing a grand festivalin his or her honor could save the city from a disaster.

Once you have finished the festival plans, the festivaloccurs after a few months of detailed preparations.Visit the Overseer of the Temples to find out exactlywhen the festival will occur. When it is time for thefestival, priests from the temple of the honored godmake their way towards the Festival Square, along withentertainers and scribes from your wealthier houses.


they pass and to apprehend criminals in thecity.

Bast’s TempleBuilding a Temple to Bast brings good fortune toany city. Bast helps keep citizens happy by makingthem satisfied with less. As a result of her benev-olence, the rate at which your citizens consumefood and goods is reduced, and the effects ofentertainers, educators and health providers lastlonger. Her sister goddesses also improve life foryour citizens:

Altar of Isis, Goddess of Healing. Throughpriestesses of Bast, Isis lays her healing handson the city’s populace, removing plaguedwalkers from the streets and cleansing anyinfected houses the priestesses may pass. Isisalso takes care to improve your city’s overallhealth.

Oracle of Hathor, Goddess of Joy, Love andFestivity. Hathor, flattered by the Oracle youhave built for her, will improve citizens’mood, resulting in better City Sentiment.

FFeessttiivvaallss aanndd FFeessttiivvaall SSqquuaarreessA festival appeases the god to whom it is dedicated andalso boosts your citizens’ spirits, which results in animproved City Sentiment.

Before you can hold a festival, you must have a FestivalSquare in your city. Build a Festival Square by clickingon the Religious Structures button and choosing itfrom the list. A Festival Square must be placed over a



As governor of the city, you, too, make an appearanceat the festival to pay homage to the honored god andmingle with the citizens.

Organizers cannot prepare more than two festivals inany 12 month period. If you have already held twofestivals in any given 12 month period, your organiz-ers will accept an order for another festival, but will notbe able to begin preparations for it yet. If plans for afestival are already under way, you cannot order a sec-ond festival until the first one has taken place.


Great leaders are remembered for many rea-sons. Some are remembered for their greatsuccess in battle, others for their sage rule or

wise diplomatic relations. The leaders best remem-bered, however, are those who leave behind a physicalreminder of their glory. The larger and more magnif-icent this reminder, the better.

In Egypt, these lofty reminders take the shape of greatmonuments. The form of these monuments changeswith time. New technology is discovered, and newstyles are revered. Most monuments are built from atremendous amount of raw materials, and all of themneed the services of at least one construction guild.

BBuuiillddiinngg MMoonnuummeennttssTo successfully complete most missions, you will needto build at least one monument. Some missions willrequire you to build several. You can build the need-ed monuments in any order you choose.

Your city's laborers can work on more than one mon-ument at once, and you might be tempted to orderthem to do so. Be forewarned, however, that such aplan might not be as wise as it first appears.Inefficiency can creep in when stonemasons and blockhaulers fail to coordinate their work. Peasants mightdeliver construction materials to one monument sitewhile the stonemasons wait, idle, at the site where theywould prefer to work.

This situation frustrates the Overseer of Monumentsdeeply (see page 203), but it is harder than you wouldthink to reconcile the block haulers' inflexible orders

Monuments

Religious StructuresButton

plain farms, Work Camps supply the brute force need-ed to construct a monument. When bricklayers orstonemasons are ready at the site and Storage Yardshave the needed supplies in stock, a team of peasantsdrags a huge sledge full of the required raw material,either stone or brick, to the monument site.

A Work Camp’s first priority is to send peasants tofloodplain farms. If you build enough Work Camps,though, work on monuments can continue yearround.

CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn FFoorreemmaann aanndd OOvveerrsseeeerr ooffMMoonnuummeennttssThe Construction Foreman and Overseer ofMonuments provide you with all the information youneed to know to successfully complete a monument.

Your Overseer of Monuments can tell you what is pre-venting construction from starting on a monument.He also manages the dispatch of burial provisions toany tombs that may require them.

Once construction begins, the Construction Foremanprovides much more detailed information on the pro-ject. He keeps a running tally of how much of eachconstruction material is needed to complete the mon-ument. If construction is not running smoothly, hecan tell you why. To visit the Construction Foreman,info-click on the monument site.

PPllaacciinngg aa MMoonnuummeennttBecause of their immense size, some monuments canbe especially difficult to place in your city. For the

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with the stonemasons' independent attitudes. It is bestto avoid such conflict altogether by ordering yourcity's monuments to be built sequentially, rather thansimultaneously.

CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn GGuuiillddssTo build any of the great monuments that make Egyptfamous, you must have construction guilds working inthe city. If you will be needing their services, you willsee them listed when you click the Industrial Structuresbutton.

Each guild is host to skilled construction workers, eachof which specialize in working with one material. Theguilds need both road access and labor. The types ofguilds are:

Carpenters’ GuildBricklayers’ GuildStonemasons’ Guild

Carpenters’ Guilds stockpile supplies of wood so thatthey can respond quickly to construction requests.Stonemasons’ Guilds and Bricklayers’ Guilds do notkeep a store of raw materials on hand; when their ser-vices are needed, they wait at the monument for peas-ants to deliver large sledge loads of brick or stone.

The most complex monument, the brick-core pyra-mid, requires services from all three constructionguilds. Most monuments will need the efforts of oneor two of the guilds.

WWoorrkk CCaammppssIn addition to providing peasants to work on flood-

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Bricklayers’ Guild

Stonemasons’ Guild

Carpenters’ Guild

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largest monuments, you won’t be able to see theentire footprint of the structure at one time.

To assess a selected location for a monument, press the“M” key. The monument’s footprint will freeze in thespot you selected, and you can move your viewpointaround the city as normal. To place the monument inthe selected location, provided it’s a viable one, clickthe mouse button. To continue to look for a suitablespot, press the ”M” key again. The monument’s foot-print will again follow your cursor around your city.

MonumentsMastabasMastabas are the earliest tomb structures to be built inEgypt. They are made entirely of bricks, and the ser-vices of bricklayers from a Bricklayers’ Guild are need-

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Visiting the MonumentsProyet, 13th year of RamessesMorningDear Journal,

Today, I struck out on my own. I hadheard much of these Pyramids, the final rest-ing-place of great pharaohs, but couldn'tbelieve what I had been told. One person whohad seen them told me that they dwarf every-thing around them. So, I left the house veryearly in the morning to sail to Rostja to seefor myself.

I hired a man to take me on his boatdown to Rostja. When we were well into ourjourney, I could see the Pyramids in the dis-tance. I thought that we would soon be uponthem, but we kept sailing down the river. Aswe glided along, the Pyramids got bigger andbigger, as did my sense of awe. Finally, theboatsman moored the boat, and we enteredthe Valley Temple and walked down a longcauseway to the base of the Pyramid. It isimpossible to exaggerate its size; until I hadseen it, I couldn't imagine a structure so hugeor so gorgeous. Fine limestone encased thePyramids, and they glistened in the sun. Thebiggest Pyramid was built for Khufu whoreigned a thousand years before the currentpharaoh. My guide told me that as magnifi-cent as the outside of the Pyramids are, theinsides are reputed to be even more beautiful.The walls are paintedwith stories heraldingpharaoh's greatness,and hordes of richesare kept in the burialchamber itself for thepharaoh's use in theafterlife.Mastaba. This small mastaba is under way.

PyramidsPyramids are the largest and most complex structuresyou will build. They require a large amount of emptyland and take years to construct. But, with the rightamount of raw materials and brute labor, yourPyramid will soon reach towards the sky.

The most elaborate Pyramids are part of a largerPyramid Complex. In addition to the Pyramid, theComplex includes a Mortuary Temple, a Valley Templeand a Causeway. At the Mortuary Temple, located onthe eastern face of the Pyramid, the deceased is wor-shiped and offerings are made to ease his existence inthe afterlife. The long Causeway connecting the ValleyTemple in the east to the Mortuary Temple in the west

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ed to construct them. Mastabas come in three sizesand always face east.

To build a Mastaba, click on the Religious Structures:Monuments button and choose Mastaba from themonument list. As you move the cursor over theland, you will see the footprint of the building. If thefootprint is red, you cannot place the Mastaba in thelocation you’ve chosen. If the footprint is green, youhave chosen a suitable location. If you are havingtrouble placing the monument, press the “M” key tofreeze the footprint in place (see page 132).

Once you click on a valid location, the corners of theMastaba are marked with stakes. From this point,peasants and bricklayers take over.

You can watch workers each step of the way as theyconstruct the Mastaba. After peasants clear the land,removing sand and top soil until a solid base isexposed, a team of bricklayers makes their way to theconstruction site and waits for a delivery of brick.Once there are at least 400 bricks stored in the city’sStorage Yards, peasants drag a sledge loaded with thematerial to the bricklayers at the construction site.

Each load of bricks is enough for one course of onesection of the Mastaba. The number of courses andthe number of sections in each course varies with thesize of the monument.

Info-click on the Mastaba at any time for a progressreport on the project.

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Pyramid Construction. This Pyramid has begun Phase II of its construc-tion. Peasants have cleared and leveled the land and the tomb has beencut. Now, stonemasons are awaiting delivery of stone to continuePyramid construction.

print is red, it means that you cannot build in thatlocation. If the footprint is green, then you can placethe Pyramid in the location you’ve chosen. Click themouse button to assign the Pyramid’s location. Onceyou do, you will see stakes marking the corners of themonument.

Remember, if you are building a Pyramid Complex,the Valley Temple must be adjacent to the water on astraight piece of coastline. Because PyramidComplexes must be on the west side of the Nile, theValley Temple must always be to the east of thePyramid. To help you consider a chosen location,press the “M” key on the keyboard to freeze the mon-ument footprint

You don’t have to clear trees or other removable ter-rain before placing the Pyramid. Peasants will take careof that task. However, if buildings obstruct your cho-sen Pyramid site, you have to demolish the buildingsyourself. Like other buildings, Pyramids can only beplaced on stable terrain, and not on sand dunes, rockor marshland.

Leveling the Site. Once the Pyramid has been placed,peasants take over. They clear the land of any trees ormeadow and remove sand and top soil until they reachsolid stone bedrock. Then, they level the site.

To level the site, peasants first cut grooves into thebedrock and fill the grooves with water. They mark thewater’s height, and then drain out the water. The peas-ants cut down the rock to the level of the mark, thenfill in the remaining grooves with rubble. The result ofthe process is a level piece of solid rock on which tobuild the Pyramid.

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represents thedeceased’s journey

from the living world tothe world of the dead and

mimics the journey of the sun. Inthe Valley Temple, located on theNile, the deceased’s body is preparedfor his journey. Constructionworkers know exactly how these

buildings fit together, so you won’t need toworry about placing the individual buildings.

In fact, construction workers, under the direction ofthe Foreman, know everything about buildingPyramids and Pyramid Complexes. Once you choosea location for your monument, construction workershandle the rest, as long as you provide them with whatthey need.

A Pyramid is built in a few basic but time consumingphases.

Phase I: Preparing the SiteTo ensure that the Pyramid stands for thousands ofyears, peasants must carefully prepare and level the site.To start the peasants on their task, you must firstchoose a location for the Pyramid.

Choosing a Site. Click on the Religious Structures:Monuments button on the Control Panel. From thelist, choose the Pyramid you wish to build. You mayhave the choice of several sizes or type of Pyramids tobuild, or you may be offered only one choice. Afterselecting a Pyramid, point the cursor to the landscape.A footprint of the Pyramid will appear. If this foot-

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He tells you how many more bricks or blocks of stoneare needed to complete the current level of thePyramid. He also knows how much more is needed tocomplete the entire monument.

If the Pyramid is part of a Pyramid Complex, construc-tion workers will build the Complex at the same timethey build the Pyramid.

Phase III: Finishing the Outer CasingTo finish the Pyramid, stonemasons smooth the outerlimestone layer so that the Pyramid glistens white inthe sun. No more stone is required for this task. Asits name implies, the Stepped Pyramid does not under-go this finishing phase.

Pyramid TypesWhen Pharaoh Djoser first asks your family to helpVizier Imhotep build a Pyramid, you’ll have little ideawhat to expect. Imhotep describes his vision for amammoth tomb that reaches toward the sun. As gen-erations pass and forebears pass their knowledge totheir successors, the vision of the Pyramid changes.Your family is an active participant in the evolution ofthe Pyramid, guiding the sacred tomb through the fol-lowing forms:

Stepped Pyramid. Stepped Pyramids, the first Pyramidsbuilt in Egypt, are giant staircases to the sun. They aremade entirely of plain stone, although wooden rampsare needed to carry stone up to the higher levels of thePyramid. To build ramps and lay the stone, you’ll needa Carpenters’ Guild and a Stonemasons’ Guild.Peasants are also needed to pull the huge sledge loadsof stone over to the construction site. Once four

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In Pyramid Complexes, the site for the Pyramid itself isthe only site leveled. The land that the rest of theComplex will occupy does not need to be leveled.

After the site is leveled, peasants cut the tomb that willultimately house the deceased. The tomb is cut intothe center of the Pyramid.

Phase II: Constructing the PyramidAfter the site is prepared, construction workers movein to build the Pyramid, laying stones or bricks.

Pyramids are made mostly of plain stone or bricks.With the exception of Stepped Pyramids, all Pyramidshave an outer casing of fine limestone. When they areready, construction workers from the city’s construc-tion guilds move to the Pyramid site and wait for adelivery. Whenever a Storage Yard accumulates therequired raw material, peasants load the material on asledge and drag it to the construction site. As long asyour city has enough peasant laborers, the necessaryconstruction guilds and supplies of raw materials,Pyramid construction will continue.

Carpenters also contribute their services to Pyramidconstruction. They build the ramps that allow peasantsand construction workers to scale the sides of thePyramid. Carpenters use the wood they have on handat the Carpenters Guild. Ordinary deliverymen from aStorage Yard or Wood Cutter provide the CarpentersGuild with wood.

Pyramids are built block by block. Info-click on thePyramid to check in with the Construction Foreman.

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When four blocks of either plain stone or limestoneare stored in the Storage Yards, peasants load the stoneonto a sledge and drag it over to the construction site.To properly place the stones, the services of theStonemasons Guild are essential. The Carpenters Guildprovides ramps from wood that is delivered to theCarpenters’ Guild.

Bent Pyramids come in two sizes.

True Pyramid. With the first True Pyramid comes theperfection of the Pyramid form. The True Pyramid ismany things: a path to the sun, a sun’s ray and the pri-mordial mound from which all life in Egypt sprung.

The True Pyramid has a plain stone core with a lime-stone casing that is smoothed and polished.Stonemasons from the Stonemasons’ Guild lay thestone and polish the surface, while carpenters from theCarpenters’ Guild prepare the ramps necessary for con-struction as the Pyramid rises higher and higher.When a Storage Yard has accumulated four blocks ofstone, peasants drag a sledge loaded with the stone tothe monument site to the waiting stonemasons.

The True Pyramid sizes are small, medium, large,Pyramid Complex and grand Pyramid Complex.

Brick-Core Pyramid. Sometimes, plain stone is diffi-cult to obtain, so bricks are used for the core of thePyramid instead. Brick-core Pyramids are the mostcomplex Pyramids you will build because they requirethree types of raw materials and three types of con-struction guilds. You need brick, limestone and woodto build them, as well as the services of the Bricklayers’Guild, the Stonemasons’ Guild and the Carpenters’

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blocks of plain stone are stored in the Storage Yards,and the stonemasons are ready, peasants will begintheir arduous journey to the monument site.

Stepped Pyramids come in five different sizes: small,medium, large, Pyramid Complex and grand PyramidComplex.

Bent Pyramid. Inspired by the sun, the architects whocontrived the Bent Pyramid envisioned a giant obeliskwith bent sides, representing one of the sun’s warmingrays. So that it would shine as brightly as the sun, thesides of the Pyramid were smoothed.

To build a Bent Pyramid, you will need supplies of plainstone and limestone, and peasants from a Work Camp.

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Stepped Pyramid. A completed Stepped Pyramid is a welcome addition toany city.

Info-click on the Sphinx to visit the ConstructionForeman for a progress report.

ObelisksObelisks symbolize the rays of the sun, and great deedsand achievements are commemorated on the sides ofthe monument.

Obelisks are made from a large amount of granite, andall the granite needed for the Obelisk must be stored inthe city’s Storage Yards before you can place the mon-ument.

Move the cursor over the land to pick a location forthe Obelisk. If you see a green footprint of the mon-ument, you can place the obelisk.

After you pick a location for the Obelisk, the gran-ite is put into place. Then, carpenters from theCarpenters’ Guild build scaffolding around themonument, and stonemasons come to themonument to carve intricate designs into it.You do not need the services of peasants tobuild an Obelisk.

Info-click on the monument to visit theConstruction Foreman. He will update you onthe status of the monument.

Sun TemplesSun Temples pay special honor tothe Sun Cult that mostpharaohs hold very dear.

To build a Sun Temple, you will need sand-

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Guild. You also need peasants from Work Camps tohaul the heavy bricks and stones to the work site onceenough is stored in the Storage Yards.

Brick-Core Pyramids can be small, medium, large,Pyramid Complex andgrand PyramidComplex.

SphinxesThe Sphinx is anelaborately carvedand painted pro-tector of Pyramids.

T ob u i l daSphinx, youmust first find alocation. Pick “Sphinx”from the Religious Structures:Monuments list. A footprint of thesphinx appears. As you move this footprint around thelandscape, it will either be green or red. When thefootprint is green, then you have found a suitable hid-den deposit of stone. Click the mouse button, and thestone will be revealed.

Now, the stonemasons and carpenters can get to work,assuming that you have the necessary wood.Carpenters build scaffolding that stonemasons climbto carve the Sphinx.

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masons build the Fore Temple. To complete these ele-ments, stonemasons need several sledge loads of sand-stone delivered by peasants. While they are workingon the Fore Temple, Wall and Vestibule, stonemasonsinstall decorative tiles between the Walls.

Once the Fore Temple is complete and all the tiles havebeen laid, the Sun Temple is finished.

MausoleumsMausoleums are large tombs used to inter pharaohsand nobility.

To build a Mausoleum, supplies of sandstone andwood are needed, plus at least one working Carpenters’Guild, Stonemasons’ Guild and Work Camp.

To place a Mausoleum, there must first be a largequantity of sandstone stored in the city’s StorageYards. Once enough stone is stored, chooseMausoleum from the Religious Structures:Monuments list. Place the Mausoleum, using thecolor of the footprint as a guide (green means you canplace the structure, red means you cannot). Onceyou’ve designated a place for the building, peasantsfrom the Work Camp clear the land and lay the foun-dation.

Once the foundation is in place, stonemasons beginwork. Whenever a Storage Yard accumulates fourblocks of sandstone, peasants load the stone on asledge and drag it to the construction site.Stonemasons put the stone in place until the first storyis completed. Then, carpenters install wooden rampsso that the stonemasons can work on the second story

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stone and wood, plus the services of the Carpenters’Guild, Stonemasons’ Guild and Work Camp.

Sun Temples start with a sandstone obelisk. Before theobelisk can be built, adequate supplies of sandstonemust be stored in the city’s Storage Yards. Once thereis enough sandstone, the Sun Temple can be placed.Choose Sun Temple from the Religious Structures:Monuments list, and choose a location. If you havechosen a good location, you will see a green footprintof the monument. After you have chosen a goodlocation, construction of the sandstone obelisk withinthe Sun Temple begins.

After the stone is placed, carpenters build scaffoldingaround the obelisk. Then, stonemasons decorate thesides of the sandstone obelisk. When they have fin-ished the obelisk, they begin work on the remainder ofthe Sun Temple. First, they build a Vestibule and thena stone Wall. After the Wall is complete, the stone-

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Build specialized Storage Yards near the monu-ment site. Make sure you have plenty of StorageYards around the construction site, and give theseStorage Yards special orders to ensure that theycarry only the materials needed to construct themonument. Having Storage Yards near the con-struction site cuts down on peasants’ travel time asthey drag sledges full of building materials to thesite.

Make sure you are obtaining enough constructionmaterials. Some monuments require a massiveamount of stone or brick. Make sure you haveenough quarries or Brickworks working in yourcity to keep a high volume available. If your cityis unable to quarry its own stone or make its ownbricks, make sure you are importing as muchstone or bricks as you can.

While monuments are made of stone and/orbrick, most also require a supply of wood.Remember that carpenters need to build ramps orscaffolding for many of your monuments. Makesure you have a Carpenters’ Guild working in thecity, and make sure that the guild has a supply ofwood.

Also, build the Carpenters’ Guild as close to themonument site as possible, even if this means thatthe guild will be far away from the nearest supplyof wood. The carpenters will have plenty of timeto stock up on wood while the bricklayers andstonemasons are busy at their tasks. But, when thestonemasons and bricklayers need a ramp, all workstops until the carpenter makes his way to the

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of the Mausoleum. When the second story is com-plete, the Mausoleum is finished.

BBuurriiaall PPrroovviissiioonnssTo ensure that the deceased has all he or she needs inthe afterlife, you must stock most tombs with burialprovisions. Burial provisions are materials that thedeceased used while alive. You may also need to pro-vide materials for the construction of special accouter-ments needed for the afterlife, such as a funeral bargeand sarcophagus. Monuments are not complete untilyou have supplied any required burial provisions. TheOverseer of Monuments has a list of the necessary

items and the desired quantities.When you are ready to send them,tell the Overseer of Monuments todispatch goods to the tomb.

You do not have to have the fullamount of the required material inthe Storage Yards before you cansend goods to the monument. Youcan send smaller portions of therequired commodity until you have

fulfilled the requirement.

Your city may need to import some burial provisions.

MMoonnuummeenntt BBuuiillddiinngg TTiippssMonuments take years to build, but there are a fewthings you can do to expedite the process.

Build plenty of the required Guilds and WorkCamps. The more Guilds and Work Camps youhave, the quicker the monument can be built.

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monument site to build the ramp. The longer histrip, the longer construction will stall.

Visit the Construction Foreman for a monumentstatus report. The Construction Foreman knowshow much progress has been made on the monu-ment and what might be holding up work.

Remember to dispatch any necessary burial provi-sions. Some monuments are not complete untilyou have stocked them with the required burialprovisions. Visit your Overseer of Monuments tofind out which items are needed and to send themto the monument.

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While Egyptians look forward to enteringthe Field of Reeds after death, they‘re notparticularly keen on cutting their lives on

earth short. The Egyptians consult physicians to main-tain their general health. The rely on herbalists formedicines and insect repellent, while dentists helpthem combat tooth decay. And, when the time final-ly comes to face Osiris and to have their souls weighedagainst Ma’at’s feather, embalmers ensure that thedeceased are ready for the journey.

HHeeaalltthh BBuuiillddiinnggssSeveral professionals in the city concern themselveswith citizens’ health. Many illnesses can strike thecity’s inhabitants, and providing them with access tohealth professionals helps to mitigate their chances oftaking ill. Each professional has his own building, andyou will see them listed when you click the Health andSanitation Structures button on the Control Panel.

Water Supply. Water carriers from Water Suppliesbring clean drinking water to the city’s residents.Clean drinking water helps reduce the likelihoodof a malaria outbreak.

Physician’s office. Physicians from Physician’soffices walk through neighborhoods, taking careof people’s general health.

Apothecary. Herbalists from Apothecaries dis-tribute insect repellent made from animal fat tothe city’s neighborhoods. The use of insect repel-lent helps reduce the risk of malaria.

Health

Health and SanitationStructures Button

Apothecary

Physician’s office

Water Supply

The Herbalist’s CraftShomu, 13th year of RamessesMorningDear Journal

Khmunhotep and I set out early thismorning. The agenda: fishing on the Nile.But first, we stopped at the Apothecary to out-fit ourselves with some basic necessities.

The herbalist greeted Khmunhotep,and they began talking of a recent malariaoutbreak. The herbalist said he did all thathe could, but that once malaria breaks outit’s hard to stop.

While they talked, I selected my itemsfor purchase. First, I bought some kohl to putaround my eyes. Kohl helps to reduce thesun’s glare which can be almost blinding.Then, I purchased some insect repellent madefrom hippo’s fat. While the unguent had anoxious smell, it was well worth it. Mosquitoesare always a nuisance on the Nile, and theirbites sting. Well stocked with supplies, weheaded for the Nile.

We borrowed a fishing raft made fromreeds and set out. Wecaught a lot of fish,even the sacredoxyrhynchus fishwhich we threw back.

By midmorn-ing, we had our fill offishing and returnedto the shore.

Each of the health threats behaves in a different way:

DiseaseDisease occurs in homes that do not have good accessto a physician and a steady supply of food. Disease

153Health

Plagued Citizen

Mortuaries. At Mortuaries, embalmers preparethe dead for their final journey to the afterlife.Properly preparing the dead promotes a city’soverall health which helps prevent plague. To wrapthe deceased’s body, embalmers use linen made bya weaver or imported from a trade partner.

Dentists. Sand is everywhere in Egypt, even infood, and continuously crunching on sand quick-ly wears down teeth. Wealthier citizens want totake care of their teeth, and turn to dentists tokeep their smiles bright. Dentists do not impactcity health, but they do improve a neighborhood’sdesirability.

All the above health structures require both roadaccess and labor to operate.

CCiittyy HHeeaalltthh aanndd HHeeaalltthh RRiisskkssThe health of each resident in the city contributes tooverall City Health. Generally, to remain healthy, eachresident needs plenty of food and frequent visits froma physician. A varied diet and access to a Mortuarysupplement a resident’s health.

Three health threats stalk the city: disease, malaria andplague. Providing good healthcare to each citizen isthe key to preventing disease and plague from striking.Malaria, on the other hand, only threatens certainareas of the city, particularly those along the water andnear marshland. To protect citizens who live in theseareas from succumbing to this deadly ailment, makesure to provide them with clean drinking water and theinsect repellents provided by herbalists.

152 Health

Mortuary

Dentist’s office

PlagueIf overall health conditions are particularly bad in thecity, plague can break out. The only way to preventplague is to ensure that your city provides for all yourcitizens’ health needs — especially plentiful diets andaccess to physicians.

Plague is an insidious ailment, and there is no way ofpredicting where it will first break out. Plague is strict-ly the result of poor overall city health; it is not relat-ed to an individual home’s risk of malaria or disease.

Once a home is plagued, one of the poor, sickened res-idents emerges from the house, fevered and distraught,and begins wandering the city’s streets. Every house hepasses becomes infected, no matter how good thathouse’s access to healthcare is or how wealthy its occu-pants are. All the residents of the homes the plaguedwalker passes perish. To prevent this catastrophe, besure to provide the necessary healthcare to everyone inyour city.

Plagued walkers journey around your city because theyknow that their situation is dire. Should an herbalistencounter a plagued citizen, he is under strict orders toremove that person from the city’s streets in whateverway he can. A plagued person will die after one monthif he never encounters an herbalist.

Herbalists can help to contain plague once it arises, butonly good city health can prevent outbreaks altogeth-er.

IInnffeecctteedd HHoouussiinnggOnce a house has become infected by any illness, it

155Health

strikes individual domiciles and does not spread. If anentire neighborhood has poor access to physicians,however, disease can break out in more than onehome. When disease strikes, there is nothing to bedone for the afflicted. Everyone living in the homedies.

Use the Risks: Disease overlay (page 205) to see whichhomes are most likely to become diseased. Build morePhysician’s offices in the area to reduce the risk. Youcan also use the Health: Physician overlay (page 207)to help you plan the placement of Physician’s offices.The Physician overlay shows you the access each homehas to a physician, as well as the physician himself mak-ing his rounds.

MalariaLiving among marshes and along the water means liv-ing with the risk of malaria. Homes on grassland closeto the river and to reed-filled marshes are most at risk.The denser the grass, the higher the risk of malaria.

Like disease, malaria begins in a single house. Unlikedisease, though, malaria soon spreads through the airto neighboring homes. The only way to reduce thechance of a malaria outbreak is by having plenty ofWater Supplies and Apothecaries in the areas of thecity which are most susceptible. Use the Risks: Malariaoverlay (page 205) to see which homes are particular-ly at risk for malaria.

If one person living in a house has malaria, all thehouse’s residents die.

154 Health

157Health

becomes uninhabitable for a few months. These struc-tures will be marked with a skull. When the house islivable again, the skull icon will disappear and peoplecan move into the housing. The home will notdevolve while it’s vacant, and whatever supplies it heldremain available to its next occupants.

156 Health

All work and no play make Amenhotep a dullboy. The Egyptian people enjoy a goodspectacle with jugglers, dancers and singers,

and like to unwind with a game of senet and a mug ofbeer at the Senet House.

Providing easy access to entertainment pleases citizensfrom all walks of life.

BBuuiillddiinngg EEnntteerrttaaiinnmmeenntt SSttrruuccttuurreessBuild entertainment structures by clicking on theEntertainment Structures button in the Control Panel.All entertainment structures require road access and astaff of workers.

EEnntteerrttaaiinnmmeenntt VVeennuueessEntertainment venues must be placed on an intersec-tion because they thrive where people meet. They canbe tricky to place because of the stages each venue has;use the green “ghost” as a guide. To operate, enter-tainment venues need labor plus entertainers fromperformer schools. There are three types of venue, andthe largest of them can host a wide variety of enter-tainers:

Booth. The Booth is the smallest of the entertain-ment venues. It holds only one stage and onlyjugglers can perform there. Booths have a positiveeffect on the surrounding neighborhoods.

Bandstand. Bandstands are medium-sized venuesthat have two stages: one to host jugglers and theother to to feature performances by musicians.

Entertainment

EntertainmentStructures Button

The juggler’s stage is in one corner of the venue,and the band plays on a second stage in anothercorner. People like to live near Bandstands.

Pavilion. The largest of the entertainment venues,Pavilions have three stages: one for jugglingshows, one for musical concerts and one for danceperformances. No citizen will complain about liv-ing next to a Pavilion.

Training CentersCitizens expect high-quality entertainment, and train-ing centers make sure that people are entertained byprofessionals, not amateurs. Each type of performerhas his or her own training center: would-be jugglerspractice their skills at Jugglers’ Schools, musiciansattend the Conservatory and dancers hone their craftat Dance Schools.

Conservatories and Dance Schools both have a nega-tive effect on a neighborhood’s desirability. Thecacophony that emits from a Conservatory is notmusic to residents’ ears, and dancers come and go atthe strangest hours. People like living near Jugglers’Schools. Jugglers learning their craft engage in somevery amusing highjinks.

SSeenneett HHoouussee A Senet House offers a place for people to go to enjoy arelaxing game of senet, a contest that depicts the journeyto the afterlife. With frothy mugs of beer at their elbows,citizens while away the hours in each other’s companyand engage in a little friendly competition. In addition toworkers and road access, a Senet House needs a supply ofbeer (see page 76) to serve to its patrons.

161Entertainment and Education160 Entertainment

Jugglers’ School

A Sumptuous BanquetShomu, 13th year of RamessesEveningDear Journal,

What an evening we had this evening!We were invited to a banquet at the localNomarch’s house, and I have never been privyto such a lavish party.

Nefernetka looked resplendent. Withthe aid of her servant, she spent all daypreparing for the evening. She wore a tunicmade of the finest linen available andadorned herself with jewels. Her eyes weremade up with kohl and galena, and her fin-gernails dyed with henna. Another servantspent hours grooming the wig that Nefernetkawore.

When we arrived at the party, our hosthanded each of us a cone of wax to place onour heads and a garland of flowers for ournecks. The cone helped to keep our heads cool.We sat down to a sumptuous feast of beef,antelope and fowl accompanied by gorgeousfruits and crisp vegetables. The host had evenprocured a large supply of wine from distantMycenae, a rare departure from the usualEgyptian beer. While we ate, a group of musi-cians began to play, and beautiful dancersleapt about to the music. The revelry contin-ued until all the food had been eaten and allthe wine had been drunk.

Enjoying ourselves too much to sleep,Khmunhotep, Nefernetka and I went to thelocal Senet House where the townspeople gath-er after work to drink beer and have conver-sation. Several people were playing games ofsenet, and a storyteller entertained the crowdwith tales of bygone days. We finally wenthome, but I couldn’t sleep. With visions of allthat I had seen swirling through my mind, Ididn’t need to dream.

163Entertainment

People do not like living near Senet Houses. The clien-tele tends to be loud and boisterous — especially thelosers of high-stakes senet games.

MMeeaassuurriinngg AAcccceessss ttoo EEnntteerrttaaiinnmmeennttYour Overseer of Diversions keeps track of the numberof working jugglers’ stages, musicians’ stages anddancers’ stages in your city, as well as the number ofworking Senet Houses.

When evaluating their satisfaction with a city’s enter-tainment, the most important thing for citizens isaccess to as many types of entertainment, or as manydifferent types of stages, as possible. Variety is veryimportant to the city’s residents: providing, for exam-ple, scores of jugglers to entertain a neighborhoodwon’t go far in satisfying citizens’ desire for entertain-ment. They like being able to choose from variousdiversions.

162 Entertainment

Education is the privilege of the wealthy. Thewealthy no longer perform manual labor, andthey want their children never to experience the

horrors of toiling and sweating under the sun’s hotrays. To attain this goal for their children, wealthyscribes like to have Scribal Schools close by. They alsolike access to Libraries to enhance their own knowl-edge.

BBuuiillddiinngg EEdduuccaattiioonn SSttrruuccttuurreessScribal Schools and Libraries are the two types of edu-cational facilities you can build. Construct them byclicking the “Education Structures” button on theControl Panel.

PapyrusPapyrus, made by papyrus makers from common reedsthat grow along the Nile, is a key resource to bothScribal Schools and Libraries. Teachers and librariansuse papyrus and cannot bring the benefits of educationto your city’s wealthier citizens without it. Becausethey need papyrus to fill their shelves with scrolls,Libraries cannot be built until there is a supply ofpapyrus stored in the Storage Yards. To keep youreducation system working, then, it’s important to havea thriving papyrus industry or a steady stream of cost-ly papyrus imports.

SSccrriibbaall SScchhoooollssOnce a Scribal School is fully staffed and has a stock ofpapyrus, teachers walk through the city’s neighbor-hoods educating the youth of well-to-do households.Each time a teacher leaves the Scribal School, he takessome papyrus with him so that his pupils can practice

Education

Education StructuresButton

Scribal School

The Scribe’s ArtShomu, 13th year of RamessesMiddayDear Journal,

Khmunhotep and I entered Per-Ankh, the library where literary, religious,scientific and historical papyri are stored.Most people aren't allowed into the Per-Ankh, but Khmunhotep is a scribe so wewere granted entry.

Khmunhotep smiled as he recalledhis days as a scholar. 'I was fairly quick inmy studies so was liked by the teachers,' heremembered. 'But some of my friendsweren't so lucky. My poor friend Nebamuncertainly took more than his fair share ofbeatings. It all worked out for him,though. He works in Pharaoh’s palace,keeping track of his household affairs.

Khmunhotep then led me to a roomwhose walls were lined with holes filledwith papyri. Khmunhotep selected one andunrolled it. 'Ah,' he says, 'this is one of myfavorites, and it makes me feel good aboutbeing a scribe. It's called 'Satire on theTrades,' and it points out the many disad-vantages of not being a scribe. When I wasfirst learning how to write, I copied thismanuscript over many times.'

166 Education 167Education

their hieroglyphs. Be sure that you are able to replen-ish the Scribal School’s papyrus supply, or the city’saffluent children will not be able to learn their writing.

LLiibbrraarriieessLibraries send librarians through the city’s wealthyneighborhoods. The papyrus that is needed to buildthe library makes up its permanent collection; librari-ans take additional scrolls of papyrus to circulate worksof literature to citizens to read at home. Librariansneed additional scrolls of papyrus to maintain the col-lection, so the Library’s supply of papyrus must bereplenished if it is to continue to operate.

Library

The land seems idyllic with its fertile farms, beau-tiful temples and luxurious gardens, but all thiscan quickly change in the face of war. Invasion

is a frequent threat, and even battles waged far fromthe city’s borders can have a direct effect on its people.Attack can come from any direction, over land or bywater.

You have many means of defending the city fromattack. You can build strong Walls to encircle the city,keeping those with foul intentions out. Determinedinvaders will eventually break through even thestrongest Wall, though, so keep a versatile and strongarmy in your city to prevent disaster.

Some invaders approach your land by sea or river, andno Wall will prevent them from invading. A mightynavy, however, may stop these foes from reachingland.

RRaaiissiinngg aann AArrmmyyIn addition to protecting the city from harm, an armycan do the city great honor by serving the Kingdomshould their assistance be required. To raise an army,build Forts and a Recruiter’s office. Academies trainnew men to be better soldiers, but they are not strict-ly necessary to raise an army.

Recruiter and AcademyWhen you are ready to raise an army, build aRecruiter’s office by clicking the Military Structures

The Military, Combat and Defense

Military StructuresButton

Companies and FortsEach soldier is assigned to a company, and each com-pany has its own Fort. The types of companies andForts are:

Infantry. Infantrymen are the mainstay of mostarmies. Specialists in close combat, they fight onthe front line of the battle. They move at an aver-age rate of speed. They leave the Recruiter armedwith spears as weapons.

Archers. With arrows, archers can attack anenemy from longer range than infantry, but areterrible at close-range battle and won’t last long ifan enemy engages them directly. They march alittle more slowly than infantry. Archers crafttheir own bows and arrows.

Charioteers. There is nothing more frightening tosoldiers than seeing a line of chariots barrelingtowards them. Chariots are key to breaking theprotective formations of your enemies, and oncetheir lines are broken, it will be easier to defeatthem. Each charioteer receives a chariot uponleaving the Recruiter.

Soldiers prefer to stay in their Forts when they are notfighting and remain there unless you order them intothe field. In their Forts, soldiers can enjoy the cama-raderie of their fellow soldiers. Prolonged assignmentin the field lowers a company’s morale (see page 173).

Forts do not need road access or laborers. They havean extremely negative effect on desirability, so it’s bestto place Forts on the outskirts of the city.

171The Military, Combat and Defense

button and choosing Recruiter. Men willing to fightfor their city go to the Recruiter’s office to enlist. TheRecruiter’s office needs road access and labor.

The recruiter’s function is very simple: he enrolls meninto the army and provides them with any specialweaponry they might need. To equip would-beinfantrymen, the recruiter needs a store of weapons,either imported from a trade partner or made by aWeaponsmith (see page 77). To enlist charioteers, therecruiter needs chariots from a Chariot Maker (seepage 77) or from a trade partner. Men who dream ofbeing archers supply their own bows and arrows. Therecruiter also assigns enlistees to sentry duty on thecity’s Walls and in the city’s Towers.

New soldiers leave the Recruiter with dreams of gloryand needed weaponry, but with little else. TheAcademy provides these green soldiers with training inthe art of war. To build an Academy, select it from theMilitary Structures list. An Academy needs road accessand labor.

The Academy schools infantrymen, archers and chari-oteers on the finer points of combat. Sentries learn

their skills on the job and do notattend the Academy. Once they

have completed their studies, thesoldiers proceed to their companies.

If there is no Academy inthe city, then sol-

diers proceed totheir companies

directly from theRecruiter’s office.

170 The Military, Combat and Defense

Academy

Recruiter

The red ball on the company’s standard provides arough idea of a company’s experience level: thehigher the ball is on the flagstaff, the more experi-ence the company has.

Company Morale. A company’s morale has adirect impact on the behavior of its soldiers in bat-tle. A company with high morale sticks out themost difficult fight. A company with low moraleruns when the fighting becomes too difficult.Companies with very low morale may even refuseto leave their Forts.

A number of factors influence morale. Success inbattle, in addition to increasing experience, boostsmorale. If a company is outnumbered by itsenemy, morale plummets. Morale also sinks ifsoldiers are kept away from their Forts after a bat-tle. When your city is under no immediate threat,don’t march your soldiers around or station themaway from their Forts, or their morale might bevery low indeed when invaders do appear.Companies prefer sleeping and eating in their Fortto foraging for food in the countryside and sleep-ing under the stars.

A gold ball on the flagstaff of the company’s ban-ner gives you a general indication of the compa-ny’s morale. Info-click on the company or visityour Overseer of the Military for a more precisereport.

MMaarrcchhiinngg OOrrddeerrssTo station a company in the field, or to simply instructit to move to a new location, click on it and then click


Company Fighting AbilityWhen companies are in their Forts, standing in theparade grounds, they look fierce and ready to take onany foe. Not all companies, however, are equally pre-pared to fight. Both experience and morale affect acompany’s performance on the battlefield.

Experience. The more experienced a company is,

the more effective it will be in combat. A compa-ny’s overall experience depends on the experienceof each of its men.

Soldiers fresh from the Recruiter have no experi-ence and have no idea what to expect in the con-fusion of battle. Soldiers who endured the rigorsof Academy training benefit from their instruc-tors’ hard lessons and enter into service with someexperience.

All soldiers who survive a battle gain experiencefrom fighting. Each engagement that he walksaway from teaches a soldier more about the art ofwar.

Each soldier impacts a company’s overall experi-ence. If a new recruit without Academy trainingjoins a veteran company, he’ll bring down itsoverall experience. Soldiers trained at theAcademy will bring down the experience level ofyour most veteran companies, but might improvethe experience level of green companies whoseprevious members weren’t Academy-trained.

Info-click on a company or visit your Overseer ofthe Military to check on a company’s experience.


form a human wall that can be difficult for ene-mies to penetrate, and the infantrymen worktogether to defend each other. They will notmove to attack unless attacked first. Archers andcharioteers can also line up in tight formation but,because they are not on the front line, the forma-tion does not benefit them as much. The key-board command for this order is “T”.

Hold Ground in Loose Formation. This com-mand can only be issued to infantry and archers; itcannot be issued to charioteers. In loose forma-tion, your soldiers spread out to cover moreground while holding their positions. They willattack if an enemy comes into range. This forma-tion helps infantry and archers defend themselvesagainst enemy arrows, but does not offer muchprotection against enemy infantry attack. Thekeyboard command for this order is “L”.

Engage Nearby Enemies. When given this order,a company will move to attack enemies in theirimmediate vicinity. The attack will continue untilthe enemy is killed or retreats, or until you issue adifferent order. The keyboard command for thisorder is “N”.

Mop-Up. When told to mop-up, soldiers seekout any enemies in a wide area and attack them.While under a mop-up order, companies are attheir most aggressive, and they fearlessly battle thefoe. Fearlessness, however, does hamper theirability to defend themselves, so this order is bestused when the city’s army outnumbers its ene-mies. The keyboard command for this order is “M”.


on a new location. The company’s standard will appearin the new location, and the company will marchtowards it. To tell a company what to do once theyarrive at their new location, either info-click on it oruse a keyboard command once you’ve selected a com-pany. You can issue a company the following ordersbefore or after you move them to their new location:

Hold Ground in Tight Formation. In tight forma-tion, soldiers stand as close to each other as possi-ble. Because they have been told to hold ground,they will not leave their position to attack ene-mies. They will attack any enemy that comeswithin their range, though.

Tight formation brings the most benefit toinfantry. When in tight formation, the infantry


Marching Orders. Click on one of the buttons above to give anorder to the selected company. Hold the cursor over an order fora brief description of the command’s merits and disadvantages.

WWeeaappoonnss,, CChhaarriioottss aanndd tthheeiirr MMaannuuffaaccttuurreeBefore infantrymen and charioteers can be assigned totheir Forts, the recruiter must outfit them with theimplements they will use in battle. The recruiter equipsinfantrymen with weapons and charioteers with chari-ots. Weapons are made from copper by aWeaponsmith, and chariots are manufactured usingcostly wood by Chariot Makers. If the city does notproduce these implements of war, it may be able toimport them from a trade partner. For more on themanufacture of implements of war, see page 77.

CCoommmmiissssiioonniinngg aa NNaavvyyThe Nile acts almost as a highway, bringing people,goods and services to the cities along its banks. But,the Nile can also carry invaders who seek to do dam-age. Building a navy is the best way to prevent thesewaterborne attackers from reaching land. A navyconsists of two types of vessel: the warship and thetransport ship.

Building and Berthing Your ShipsWarships and transport ships are constructed byShipwrights. To start Shipwrights on their task ofbuilding mighty war vessels, first make sure the city hasan active Shipwright. You can build a Shipwright byclicking on the Industrial Structures button and thenchoosing Shipwright (see page 77 for more).

Once the Shipwright is active and has a supply of wood,the next step is to build the wharves where the ships willberth. Building wharves and supplying them withworkers cues the Shipwright to begin building ships.To build a wharf, select either Warship Wharf orTransport Wharf from the list of buildings you see


Charge. The charge command can be issued onlyto charioteers. Charging an enemy line breaks upits formation, making the enemy more vulnerableto the attack. When told to charge, the chario-teers work the horses up into a lather, and theypull the chariots at top speed for a great distance.Eventually, the horses tire and the chariots slowdown and need to rest, so issue this order sparing-ly. The hot key for this command is “C”.

Return to Fort. Click Return to Fort when yoursoldiers have done their duty and defeated theenemy. At the Fort, they can rest up for the nextbattle. If morale is low, they’ll return to Fort ontheir own. The hot key for this command is “F”.

With most orders, you can decide which direction thesoldiers’ ranks should run, either this way: /, or thatway: \. Click the “Rotate Company” button or press“R” on the keyboard to change the direction the lineruns.

In addition to issuing the specific orders outlinedabove, you can also tell companies to attack by select-ing them and clicking on an enemy. The company willpursue the targeted enemy to the death unless youissue a different order.


Weaponsmith

with any enemy soldiers on board stalking thecity, he looks for enemies close to shore to punishwith a barrage of arrows.

Warships. Enemy warships are his third priority.He will ram enemy warships and try to sink themprovided that there are no transport ships withtroops aboard or disembarked enemies for yourship to attack.

Empty enemy transport ships. Empty enemytransports are your captain’s last priority. He’llattack them if there is nothing else for him toassail.

Your captain reacts quickly to changing situations.He’ll abandon a battle if a higher priority situationdevelops. For example, if he is attacking a warshipwhen a transport ship carrying enemy soldiers sails intothe area he is protecting, he’ll disengage the enemywarship and target the loaded transport.

Warship OrdersGive a warship orders by info-clicking on it or byselecting it and using a keyboard command. Warshipscan carry out the following orders:

Hold Position. When told to Hold Position, thewarship will not budge from the spot you desig-nate. It will defend itself by turning to face enemywarships to minimize the damage enemies causeby ramming (see page 180) and attack enemies inrange by shooting arrows. If several warships arelined up and all have been given the Hold Positionorder, the warships form a blockade with the goal


after clicking the Military Structures button. Like allstructures built on the shore, wharves must be placedon a straight edge of coast. Ships cannot navigate nar-row channels of water, so make sure that theShipwright’s finished boat will have clear sailing to thewharf. Wharves also need road access and a staff ofworkers. This staff of workers is not the same as theship’s crew, which is drawn from another source anddoes not reduce the city’s population or labor force.

Each wharf berths one ship, warships in WarshipWharves and transport ships in Transport Wharves.When ships are not engaged in battle or transportingtroops, it’s a good idea to keep them in their wharves.

WWaarrsshhiippssWarships patrol the waterways, ramming or shootingat other ships that intend to inflict harm on the city.Warships can also attack land soldiers with missile fire,provided they are near the coast.

Attack PrioritiesNo matter which order you give a warship, its captainalways pursues the same priorities when attacking theenemy. The captain’s priorities are:

Transport ships with enemy soldiers on board. Thecaptain knows that his mission has largely failed ifenemy soldiers reach land. If there are any trans-port ships carrying enemy soldiers in the city’swaters, he will attack them first.

Disembarked enemies near the shore. The cap-tain’s second priority is recently disembarkedenemy soldiers. If there are no transport ships


Transport Wharf

Warship Wharf

ming. Enemy ships can be rammed at normal speed,but warships moving at top speed inflict the maximumamount of damage. A warship can travel at top speedfor only a limited time before its crew, after pulling onthe oars for all it is worth, is drained of its strength (seebelow).

The warship’s goal is to inflict as much damage as pos-sible on the enemy ship with one hit. The best place toram an enemy ship is in its beam, at the center of theside of the ship. Striking the fore quarter inflicts amoderate amount of damage, and a lesser amount ofdamage is caused by hitting the aft quarter. Rammingthe bow of the ship results in slight damage, and a col-lision with the other ship’s stern inflicts hardly anydamage at all.

Ship Damage and Hull StrengthA warship can be damaged if it is rammed or hit withmissile fire by another ship. Your enemies have thesame goal as the city’s warships do: to ram ships at theirweakest point. Keep a close eye on the status of yourships by info-clicking on them or visiting yourOverseer of the Military (see page 187). If you noticethat a warship’s hull is weak, consider sending it to theShipwright for repairs. A warship with a weak hull willhave difficulty withstanding an enemy attack.

Crew ConditionWarships rely on rowers for maximum propulsion.Rowers are quite strong and can row all day at normalspeed. When forced to row at top speed in order toram, however, their strength will be quickly sapped.

To find out how a warship’s crew is feeling, info-click


of keeping invaders out. The keyboard commandfor this order is “H”.

Engage Nearby Enemies. When told to EngageNearby Enemies, the warship will attack enemieswithin a small radius of its location. The keyboardcommand for this order is “N”.

Seek and Destroy All Enemies. When given thiscommand, the warship patrols the water lookingfor enemies to defeat. The keyboard commandfor this order is “A”.

Repair. Should the warship be damaged in a con-flict, clicking this button sends the ship to theShipwright for needed repairs. When theShipwright is finished fixing the ship, it returns toits home wharf. If the warship is severely damaged,the ship’s captain will order it to the Shipwright forrepairs on his own. The keyboard command forthis order is “R”.

Return to Wharf. Clicking on this option sendsthe ship back to its home wharf. The keyboardcommand for this order is “W”.

To simply tell a warship to move, click on it and thenclick on a new location. When it arrives at the newspot, it will follow the last order given. If you click onan enemy, the warship will pursue the targeted enemyuntil it is defeated or, if it is a land target, until it is outof range.

RammingWarships attack other ships primarily through ram-


under attack, the captain will rotate the ship in aneffort to reduce damage. He will not, however, setsail to evade the attack. This option should beused cautiously, because transport ships are notwell-equipped to defend themselves. The key-board command for this order is “H”.

Evade Enemies. Transport ships, especially thosefilled with your soldiers, are both valuable and vul-nerable. Click on Evade Enemies to give the trans-port ship’s captain the ability to use all his powersto avoid attack. Evade Enemies is the transportship’s default order, and the ship’s captain will pur-sue this course of action unless you tell him oth-erwise. The keyboard command for this order is“E”.

Embark/Disembark. To load a company of sol-diers onto the transport ship, first click the Embarkbutton, then click on the company of soldiers youwish to move over the water. The soldiers willboard the transport ship, and the ship will displaythe company’s standard. When you info-click onthe transport ship, information on the companyon board is displayed.

To return the soldiers to shore, click Disembark,then move the cursor to the location in which youwish to station the company.

The Embark/Disembark option toggles back andforth depending on whether there are soldiers cur-rently on the transport ship. There is no keyboardcommand for this order

Repair. If the transport ship is damaged, click on


on the warship or visit the Overseer of the Military.The levels of crew strength are:

Exhausted. Exhaustion sets in after a warship’screw has rowed at top speed for as long as it can.A warship can’t move at all while its crew isexhausted — they can’t so much as pick up an oarand are completely vulnerable. The only remedyto crew exhaustion is rest, which takes time.

Tired. A tired crew can move its ship, but not veryfast. You can give the crew orders, but they canonly move their ship at half-speed. Even whilerowing at half-speed, though, they will recoverfrom being tired.

Rested. A warship’s crew can do anything asked ofit when rested.

TTrraannssppoorrtt SShhiippssTransport ships carry your army across the river or overthe sea to far-away lands. Any company can board atransport ship, but a transport ship can carry only onecompany at a time.

Transport Ship OrdersAs with warships, you can give transport ships specificorders. To move a transport ship from one location toanother, click on it and then click on a new location.Info-click on the transport ship, or select a transportship and use the keyboard commands, to issue any ofthe following commands:

Hold Position. This commands the transport shipto stay where it is. If the transport ship comes


TowersBuild Towers to bring a little offense to your defensivewalls. Towers are manned with guards who are trainedby the Recruiter to hurl javelins on any enemies braveor foolhardy enough to come within range.

Provided the Wall is wide enough for them to walk on,Towers also send out sentries to patrol the length ofthe Wall and rain arrows on approaching enemies.

Towers must be built into Walls that are two layersthick. They also require road access, employees andsentries from a Recruiter’s office.

GatehousesAs comforting as it may seem, you cannot complete-ly encircle your city with Walls. To let immigrants andmerchant trade caravans in, you must haveGatehouses.

Build Gatehouses directly over the major access roadsto your city. While you are holding the mouse cursorover the desired location, press “R” to change thedirection the Gatehouse is facing. Once placed,Gatehouses will automatically attach to any adjacentWalls. If attack is threatened, guardswill close the gates to keep out theenemy.

Like Roadblocks, Gatehouses permitdestination walkers free passage butturn roaming walkers back.

EEnneemmiieess

184 The Military, Combat and Defense 185The Military, Combat and Defense

repair to send the ship back to the Shipwright forrepairs. The ship’s captain will bring his ship to theShipwright on his own if the hull is severely dam-aged. The hot key for this command is “R”.

Return to Wharf. Click on this button to send thetransport ship back to its wharf. The hot key forthis command is “W”.

Hull StrengthInfo-click on the transport ship to ascertain its hull’sstrength and the status of any companies which maybe on board. Hull strength is a measure of the ship’sseaworthiness. A damaged hull makes the transportship more vulnerable in the event of an attack.

DDeeffeennssiivvee SSttrruuccttuurreessThe army and navy defend the city after enemies havepenetrated its borders. Building defensive structuresmay prevent enemies from ever setting foot on thecity’s soil.

WallsThe most basic defensive structure is the Wall. Tobuild Walls, choose them from the Military Structures:Defensive Structures list. Click and drag the mouse tobuild large sections of a Wall at one time.

Walls that are a single layer thick only slow down ene-mies a little. To best defend your city from attack,build Walls several layers thick. It takes enemy soldiersmuch longer to break through a thick Wall.

Walls are built from ordinary stone, so no stone needsto be quarried or imported to build them.

Gatehouse

KKiinnggddoomm SSeerrvviicceeSometimes, Pharaoh or the governor of another citymay need additional troops to defend a city againstattack or to conquer a foreign land. When troopsfrom your city are needed, Pharaoh and other cities arenot shy about asking you to send them. To send com-panies and ships to aid your compatriots, visit yourOverseer of the Military and tell him which companiesand ships should be made available for Kingdom ser-vice and to dispatch them. Your Political Overseer canalso send troops and warships to battle once they havebeen tagged by your Overseer of the Military. If mul-tiple requests for the same type of troop are outstand-ing, you must visit the Political Overseer to tell himwhere to dispatch the city’s soldiers.

OOvveerrsseeeerr ooff tthhee MMiilliittaarryyThe Overseer of the Military keeps track of the armyand the navy. Switch between the army and navy sta-tus reports by clicking on the button in the lower rightcorner.

The army status report displays each company’s name,the number of soldiers in each company and its expe-rience level. You can visit any company by clicking the“Go to Company” button. You can also issue a com-mand for a company to return to its fort or to make itavailable for Kingdom service and to dispatch them.

At the bottom of the screen is an update of militaryactivity in Egypt. If any enemies are approaching thecity by land or if Pharaoh or another city has request-ed your army’s aid, it is reported here.

The navy status report provides similar information. It


You will likely encounter several different enemieswhile directing your dynasty to glory. Foreign ene-mies in Pharaoh include:

NubiansKushitesHittitesHyksosLibyansSea PeopleCanaanitesBedouinMitanni

Civil wars may erupt during periods of unrest, andsometimes you may find yourself at war with your fel-low Egyptians.

The military also helps to protect your city againstattack from dangerous, predatory animals. Soldiersand sentries will kill predators when their paths cross. Ifleft to run rampant, predators can decimate a city’spopulation. Keep a watchful eye out for hyenas, croc-odiles and hippopotamuses.



lists all warships and tells the current condition of thecrew and the ship’s hull. Click on the “Go to Ship” but-ton to visit a specific warship. You can also earmark awarship for Kingdom service from the navy report andcommand a ship to return to its wharf. The report alsolists how many transport ships you have in the city.

The navy status report also tells if any enemies areapproaching by water, and if anyone has asked for thenavy’s aid.

WWoorrlldd MMaappIf an enemy army or navy is approaching, you will seeit on the World Map. Tracking its progress can helpyou plan your defenses. Similarly, if you have sent anycompanies or ships to the aid of another city orPharaoh, you can trace their movements on the WorldMap.


It’s not enough to build a city, you must build acity well. Ratings are a measure of how good a cityis, and all cities are rated in four areas: Culture,

Prosperity, Monuments built and Kingdom service.

Building monuments is usually the biggest challenge,but sometimes your city must also attain certain rat-ings to win a mission. These goals are specified in mis-sion briefings.

RRaattiinnggss OOvveerrsseeeerrYour Ratings Overseer (see page 199) keeps track of thecity’s current ratings and provides advice on how toimprove them. Visit him often to see how your city isdoing.

Your Ratings Overseer uses both numbers andcolumns to display ratings. The numbers are the city’sactual ratings, and the columns show how far alongyou are to meeting the goals set out for your city inthe Mission Briefing. If the column is capped, thenyou have met this goal.

CCuullttuurree RRaattiinnggThe Culture Rating measures how many entertain-ment, education, health and religion buildings yourcity has against how many citizens live in the city. Themore citizens your city has, the more of each kind ofstructure your city will need to maintain a highCulture Rating.

The best way to boost a city’s Culture Rating is tomake sure it has more than enough entertainment,

Ratings

The Apothecary does notaffect the city’s CultureRating. The Physician’soffice, Mortuary andDentist’s office do increase acity’s Culture Rating.

108) if it will help get the tribute paid.

Keep citizens employed and the city’s jobs filled.Both unemployment and labor shortages willdamage the Prosperity Rating. A city’s ProsperityRating benefits most if you keep the unemploy-ment rate down to between zero and five percent.

Pay workers high wages. If the city pays more inwages than what others in the Kingdom pay, itsProsperity Rating will benefit. Paying below whatthe Kingdom pays will cost the city someProsperity Rating points.

Feed people a variety of foods. The more types offood you provide your citizens, the better thechances for a high Prosperity Rating.

Take steps to improve the city’s housing stock.Low-quality housing severely limits a city’sProsperity Rating. No matter how well the cityprovides food and jobs for its citizens, if it doesnot provide attractive housing, the ProsperityRating will not climb.

Encourage workers to become scribes. Having agood percentage of scribes in your populationprovides a boost to your Prosperity Rating.Remember, though, that scribes do not work, sothe city will need to attract more immigrants totake the scribes’ places in the work force.

In addition to the above, a Temple Complex, SenetHouse and a completed monument adds to a city’sProsperity Rating.

193Ratings

education, health and religion buildings to meet theneeds of its citizens. Check with your Overseers ofDiversion, Learning, Temples and Public Health to seeif the city is lacking in any of these services.

PPrroossppeerriittyy RRaattiinnggThe Prosperity Rating is a measure of a city’s wealthand its financial security. The rating goes far beyondan assessment of the city’s treasury: it also looks at thewealth of its citizens, taking into account propertyvalue, unemployment and types of food eaten. Tokeep a city’s Prosperity Rating rising, try to accomplishthe following:

Keep the city solvent. Debt generally has a nega-tive impact on a city’s Prosperity Rating. If, how-ever, the city is in debt due to construction costs,its Prosperity Rating won’t be affected. Moneyspent on construction is not really lost, it isinvested in the city.

Export more than the city imports. If the city’strade balance is positive (it earns more in exportsthan it spends on imports), your city’s ProsperityRating will receive a boost. A trade deficit reducesits rating.

Make sure the city can pay tribute every year.Missed tribute payments not only damage yourrelationships with others in the Kingdom (seeKingdom Rating), they also hurt a city’sProsperity Rating. Make sure the city has enoughmoney in its coffers at the end of the year when itis time to pay the Kingdom its due. Considerdonating some of your family savings (see page

192 Ratings

uments required and remember to dispatch any neces-sary burial provisions to provide for the deceased’safterlife, you will have no problem meeting theMonument Rating goal.

195Ratings

If you have trouble raising the city’s Prosperity, lookfor the opposites to the positive influences listedabove. Chronic debt, trade deficits, missed tribute,employment troubles, low wages, poor diet and low-level housing all drag Prosperity down.

KKiinnggddoomm RRaattiinnggThe Kingdom Rating assesses your relationship withothers in Egypt. The best way to keep this rating highis to devote yourself to serving the Kingdom.Respond to requests for goods or military aid whenev-er you can, and do not cave into requests from theKingdom’s enemies.

Make sure the city pays tribute every year by ensuringthat there is money in the coffers at the end of theyear. The amount of tribute the city owes is based onthe size of its population and whether it earned a prof-it during the year. You can learn your current tributelevel by visiting your Overseer of the Treasury.

Take care not to go into debt. Going into debt willalso lower your Kingdom Rating. Others in theKingdom will begin to think that you are takingadvantage of the Kingdom’s generosity and frownupon you.

You can also boost your Kingdom Rating by distribut-ing your wealth to the Kingdom by sending gifts fromyour family savings (see page 108).

MMoonnuummeenntt RRaattiinnggThe Monument Rating assesses both the size and scopeof any monuments in the city, as well as how far alongthey are in construction. If you complete all the mon-

194 Ratings

There is much to keep track of as you govern acity: farms, industry, the health and well-beingof its citizenry, your standing with the Kingdom

— the list is almost endless. Luckily, you have a myr-iad of information sources at your disposal to help youmake wise decisions.

YYoouurr OOvveerrsseeeerrssYour Overseers have the most accurate, up-to-dateinformation about the city. Visit them frequently tokeep track of all the goings-on in the city. In additionto providing information, your Overseers help youmanage the city.

Overseer of the WorkersThe Overseer of the Workers reports employment fig-ures in each employment sector. He tells you howmany unemployed workers there are in your city. Inthe case of labor shortages, he shows by how manyworkers each employment sector is short.

In the event of a labor shortage, you can use yourOverseer of the Workers to set labor allocation prior-ities. Without set priorities, the Overseer of theWorkers fills posts as he sees fit, generally favoring thefood production sector. If you would like him tomake another sector his top employment priority,click on the sector in the list. A screen pops up with alist of numbers, one through nine. Assign a prioritylevel by clicking one of the numbers. Your Overseer ofthe Workers then funnels workers to sectors in theorder that you have set them. If you change one ofyour priorities, the other prioritized sectors will read-just accordingly.

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199

family savings (see page 108 for more on both of thesetopics).

Ratings OverseerThe Ratings Overseer charts current ratings levels andprovides advice on how to improve the city’s ratings.Click on each rating for advice on how to improve thecity’s performance. See pages 190-195 for more onratings in Pharaoh.

Overseer of Commerce Your Overseer of Commerce monitors the city’sindustries and Storage Yards and keeps track of supply,demand and prices for goods throughout the world.He knows how much of each commodity is stored inthe city and tells you whether an item can be import-ed or exported.

Your Overseer of Commerce also updates you on thecurrent status of each industry. Visit him to turn cityindustries on or off (see page 55 for more) or tostockpile a particular good in the city’s Storage Yards.When a good is being stockpiled, it accumulatesquickly in the Storage Yards because no one can use it.It cannot be traded, and Bazaar buyers cannot procurethe good for their customers. If a raw material is beingstockpiled, no shipments of the commodity will bedelivered to its corresponding manufacturer.

To shut down an industry or stockpile a commodity,click on an item in the Overseer of Commerce’s list.Buttons with your different options appear in the panelthat pops up.

Your Overseer of Commerce also helps you establish

Managing Your City198

The Overseer of the Workers also tracks the city’s cur-rent annual wage level per ten workers and the levelthat other cities in the Kingdom pay their workers.

Overseer of the MilitaryThe Overseer of the Military keeps track of bothbranches of the armed forces. The Overseer’s army sta-tus report updates you on the number and types ofcompanies in the army. He keeps tabs on their moraleand experience level and can also send them forKingdom service should Pharaoh or another cityrequire their aid.

His navy status report tells you everything you need toknow about the navy’s warships and transport ships.He reports each warship crew’s fatigue level and thehull’s strength. He can also send warships to aidPharaoh or another city, if needed.

The Overseer also knows if invaders are approachingand if anyone is requesting military aid.

Political OverseerYour Political Overseer helps you maintain good rela-tions with others in Egypt. He keeps track of all out-standing requests for goods and food and lets youknow when there is enough in the Storage Yards tocomply with the request. When you are ready to sendthe required goods or food, the Political Overseerhelps make sure the items are dispatched in a speedymanner.

The Political Overseer also keeps track of your familysavings and your personal salary. Visit him if you wantto adjust your salary level or spend a portion of your

Managing Your City

201

Overseer of Public HealthYour Overseer of Public Health reports on the city’soverall health. He tracks the number of Physician’soffices, Dentist’s offices, Apothecaries and Mortuariesworking in the city and knows if any particular healthproblems face the city. He also keeps you up-to-dateon citizens’ latest healthcare demands.

Having more than enough of Physician’s offices,Dentist’s offices and Mortuaries in a city also increasesits Culture Rating (see page 191). Check in with yourOverseer of Public Health frequently to make sure thecity has enough health care buildings. Because notevery city needs them, the Apothecary has no effect onthe city’s Culture Rating.

Overseer of LearningYour Overseer of Learning apprises you of the status ofeducation in the city. He reports the number of activeScribal Schools and Libraries and how many people canbenefit from existing education structures. He assess-


the flow of trade. He identifies which commoditiescan be imported or exported. Once you have agreedto trade an item, visit him and specify which items totrade by clicking on them. You can tell him how muchshould be kept in the city’s Storage Yards, or you canrely on his judgement and allow him to import andexport food and goods as he sees fit. When importing,your Overseer will continue to import a good as longas the city has less than the chosen level. Whenexporting, your Overseer will export goods any timethe city has more then the chosen level.

See pages 91-95 for more on trade.

Overseer of the GranariesYour Overseer of the Granaries provides informationabout the city’s population and its eating habits. TheOverseer offers three different population charts: pop-ulation history, population by age and population bydwelling. Population-History shows how the city’spopulation size has changed over time. Population-Census shows the city’s population by age.Population-Society breaks population down by typeof dwelling.

Your Granaries Overseer also discusses anticipated pop-ulation trends based on the current levels of immigra-tion or emigration. He tells you if the city is produc-ing enough food to feed its citizens and how muchfood is stored in the Granaries. He also reports thenumber of immigrants that arrived during the previousmonth and knows how many people the city’s vacanthousing can hold.

Managing Your City

203

money the city would make if everyone was registeredfor the tax.

Overseer of MonumentsYour Overseer of Monuments provides a list of mon-uments that are required to win a mission and a gen-eral status report on any monument constructionprojects. He also oversees the dispatch of burial provi-sions for tombs should they be required.

OOvveerrllaayyssIf you want to learn more about a certain aspect of thecity, viewing the city with an overlay could give youthe information you need. Overlays can be essential asyou plan a city.


es the adequacy of access to education and also reportsany demands your citizens are making for new educa-tion structures. Meeting citizens’ demands for educa-tion can also boost the city’s Culture Rating.

Overseer of DiversionsYour Overseer of Diversions knows how many juggler’sstages, musicians’ stages and dancers’ stages are work-ing in the city. He also reports the number of SenetHouses that are entertaining the public. He estimateshow many people can benefit from your city’s stagesand gauges citizens’ satisfaction with their entertain-ment options. He can also help you improve the city’sCulture Rating. If he reports that access to entertain-ment is inadequate, build more entertainment struc-tures to boost the rating.

Overseer of the TemplesYour Overseer of the Temples knows which gods areworshiped in the city and whether or not the city has apatron god. He also assesses how appeased the godsare. He reports how many Shrines, Temples andTemple Complexes are working in the city and if peo-ple are demanding more access to religious facilities.He can also help plan a festival (see page 124 formore). Ensuring that citizens have good access to reli-gion improves the city’s Culture Rating.

Overseer of the TreasuryYour Overseer of the Treasury keeps a ledger of thecity’s income and expenditures. He provides the pre-vious year’s ledger for purpose of comparison. Go toyour Overseer of the Treasury to set a new tax rate andto see what percentage of the population is currentlyregistered to pay taxes. He also tells how much more

Managing Your City

Chief OverseerThe Chief Overseer, a sort of Overseer of theOverseers, is the most important Overseer in thecity. Your Chief Overseer works with your otherOverseers to provide a summary of the city’s statusin a number of areas. He alerts you to pressingproblems that should be dealt with immediately.He’s a good person to turn to if you’re not surewhat problems face the city. He can help you decidewhat to do to make your city a better place to live.

Your Chief Overseer also knows the latest Nilometerprediction regarding the coming flood and when itis anticipated to occur. He is also the source forinformation regarding City Sentiment. If citizensare not happy, your Chief Overseer will let youknow so, and why.

For more specific infor-mation on any monu-ment, info-click on themonument site to checkin with the ConstructionForeman (see page 131).

peaceful. The Crime Overlay also shows you thelocation of Police Stations and Courthouses.

Disease. The specter of disease can haunt your cityat every turn. The Disease Overlay shows youwhere pestilence thrives. It also shows the physi-cians in your city who combat this risk.

Malaria. Malaria-carrying mosquitoes live inmarshes and near water. Homes in these locationsare susceptible to malaria infection. Using theMalaria Overlay shows you which homes are mostat risk and shows you the herbalists working in thecity to prevent the affliction.

205Managing Your City

Water OverlayWith the Water Overlay activated, you can see all yourcity’s Water Supplies and Wells and watch water carri-ers conduct their daily business.

The Water Overlay is color-coded to give you infor-mation on water access in the city. Light blue indicatesthe presence of ground water. You can place buildingsthat need access to ground water, like Wells, WaterSupplies, Palaces and Mansions, there. Land markedwith dark blue shows the houses that have access towater from a Well. Access to clean water from watercarriers is marked with blue columns. The taller thecolumn, the better house’s access to clean water is.

Risks OverlaysMany potential problems threaten a city’s well-being,but luckily you can do something about most ofthem. The Risks Overlays are your guides to theseproblems and can help you decide what to do to pre-vent problems.

In each of the Risks Overlays, most of the buildings willbe flattened and replaced with a red column. The tallerand redder the column, the greater the risk is.

Fire. The Fire Overlay shows which buildings havea high likelihood of catching fire. You will also beable to see at a glance where the city’s Firehousesare, which will help you decide if a particular areamay need more protection.

Crime. In any city, some neighborhoods arerougher than others. The Crime Overlay showsyou where trouble spots are and where things are

204 Managing Your City

Overlays. Overlays show you particular aspects of your city. Thisoverlay shows which homes have access to a Mortuary. The homeshave been flattened and replaced with columns. The higher the col-umn, the better access the house has to a Mortuary.

To see where your healthworkers are, use theHealth Overlay (see page207).

Partial laborShut DownNeeds raw materials

The Problems Overlay also shows any delivery menwho are unable to deliver their load of supplies. It alsoshows representatives from the city’s employment sec-tors who are looking for able-bodied workers. If abuilding in the city is chronically without labor, keepan eye on its representative to find out why.

Entertainment OverlayAll citizens demand diversion, and some insist onmore than one type. The Entertainment Overlayshows housing’s access to each type of entertainer andto entertainment overall. Columns on each dwellingshow how much access it has to entertainment. Thetaller the column, the better the access.

The Overall Entertainment Overlay shows aggregateaccess to all entertainment types.

Education OverlayFor a city to truly thrive, its wealthy citizens must bewell educated. The Education Overlay shows whichhouses have good access to Scribal Schools andLibraries. As with the Entertainment Overlay, you canview the effects of the city’s educators in aggregate orby type.

Health OverlaysThe Health Overlays show by type how frequently thecity’s housing is visited by health workers. Keep an eyeon your city’s dentists, physicians, embalmers andherbalists as they go about their duties.


Damage. While building techniques are quiteadvanced, some structures in the city are prone tocollapse and failure. The Damage Overlay showsyou which structures are most likely to fall down.The Damage Overlay also shows the architectspatrolling the city.

Problems OverlayAny of a number of problems can strike the city, andit can be difficult to tell when a problem is about tohappen. With the Problems Overlay, you can identifyat-risk buildings before problems occur.

When the Problems Overlay is enabled, all the build-ings in your city that are not working correctly are dis-played. On the lower part of each building are iconsthat indicate any problems it is suffering. If you holdthe mouse cursor over an inactive building, balloonhelp describes the problem.

For all buildings in the city, the Problems Overlayshows which are about to collapse or catch fire. Forhousing and industrial buildings, the Problems Overlayuncovers these potential threats:

HousingAbout to devolveAbout to produce a criminalAbout to catch malariaAbout to become diseasedInfectedVacant

IndustryNo labor


the city has on hand of defending itself. It showsPolice Stations, Forts, defensive structures,Warship Wharves, Transport Wharves, Recruiterand Academy. If you have built a TempleComplex to Seth and added the Oracle of Sekhmet(see page 123), you will also see priests of Sethwalking your city’s streets.

VViieewwAs you look out over the city, you start out facingnorth. If you want to look in a different direction,click on the pyramid icon located at the top of thescreen next to the date. If you click on the right sideof the pyramid, your view of the city will rotatecounter-clockwise 90 degrees. Clicking on the leftside of the pyramid will rotate your view 90 degreesclockwise. Clicking on the center of the pyramid willreorient your view due north.

Viewing the city from a different perspective can behelpful, especially if you are trying to see behind a largestructure.

OOvveerrvviieeww MMaappThe Overview Map displays a large portion of the cityat one time. Buildings are color-coded according totheir function as follows:

Roads GreyFood and Farming Bright greenIndustry RedEntertainment Light blueReligion Dark purpleEducation YellowHealth White

209Managing Your City208 Managing Your City

Administration OverlayThe Administration Overlay covers a range of servicesthat affect the way a city is run.

Tax Income Overlay. Which scofflaws are evadingyour tax collectors? The Tax Overlay shows who’spaying his fair share and who is getting off scotfree. The higher the columns, the more frequent-ly a tax collector passes. The stack of coins next tothe columns indicates how much tax the house haspaid. If you hold the mouse cursor over the coins,mouse help displays the exact amount of tax col-lected at the property. Based on what you learn,you may decide to build more Tax Collector’soffices in the areas that are getting off easy.

Keep in mind, though, that frequent visits by a taxcollector does not mean that a house pays moretaxes. Taxes are collected only when they are dueIn order for a house to pay taxes each month, itmust have been recently passed by a tax collector.

Desirability Overlay. The Desirability Overlayindicates where the city’s best neighborhoods are.Land is marked with colored squares ranging frombrown to gold. The darkest brown squares are theleast desirable places to live. Gold squares markthe most desirable locations.

Bazaar Access Overlay. The Bazaar Access Overlayshows which homes are being visited by a sellerfrom the Bazaar. It also shows where the city’sBazaars, Granaries and Storage Yards are.

Security Overlay. This overlay shows all the means

Rotate Map

If you ask citizens to tell you more, they will tell youeverything they think about the city, in order of impor-tance.

Citizens, however, do have a slight tendency to exag-gerate. While they will give you an idea of the attitudeprevailing in the city, your Overseers are a much morereliable source of information. Citizens’ opinions tendto be self-centered

MMeessssaaggeessWhen a notable event occurs in the city or elsewhere inthe Kingdom, you will receive a message describing theevent. Some of these messages are urgent and requirequick response on your part. They could be requestsfrom Pharaoh or other cities, or could be directing yourattention to a particular trouble spot in your city.

When a new message arrives, the “Message” button onthe Control Panel will light up. Click on the button,and your message will be displayed. If the matter isextremely urgent, the message will be delivered to youdirectly and appear on the screen automatically. If themessage is alerting you to some trouble in your city,you can click on the alarm button within the messageto proceed directly to the trouble spot.

Other messages you will receive contain instructionsthat will help you manage the city more successfully.These messages are useful guides that teach importantgame concepts and set up short-term goals. Meetingthe short-term goals outlined in these special messagesenables you to win a mission and move on to the nextstep. These messages are marked with a blue scroll inthe message list.

To erase a message, info-click on its title in the messagelist.


Safety and Maintenance Blue Government LavenderMilitary OrangeBeautification TealMonuments Dark greyWalls and Gatehouses Black

A yellow rectangle on the overview map marks thearea currently in view. Click on any area of theOverview Map to jump to a new location.

WWoorrlldd MMaappThe World Map shows your city along with otherimportant cities in the world. Open trade routes areclearly marked on the map, and you can chart theprogress of enemy armies or navies moving toward thecity here. Similarly, if you have sent your own army ornavy in aid of another city or of Pharaoh, you cantrack their movements on the World Map.

CCiittiizzeennssCitizens in Pharaoh are busy taking care of their day-to-day tasks. But, if you check in with them by info-clicking on any of them, they will tell you what theyare doing or what they are thinking about. And, thelonger you engage them in conversation, the morethey will tell you.

Citizens tell you about the most pressing situation asthey see it. Not all citizens have the same opinion,though. Still, if hunger is the biggest problem in thecity, more citizens will complain about being hungrythan anything else.


World Map Button

Message Button

As generations have done for countless years,you stand on the edge of the desert, lookingout towards the place you call home. The

city spreads before you: towards its center, majesticTemples honor the gods, and diplomats and commoncitizens alike mill around the city’s stately Palace.Away from the center are fine neighborhoods deco-rated with Gardens, Plazas and Statues. On the out-skirts of the city are industries and farms that producegoods and foods that the citizenry needs. Caravansmake their way to the busy Storage Yards to sell exot-ic goods from far off lands. The Nile serves as a back-drop to the scene and hosts mighty warships and hum-ble ferry boats.

Turning your back to the city, you face a growingPyramid that, when the time comes, will house yourbody as you make your journey to the Field of Reeds.On the walls of the Pyramid, artists are painting yourfamily’s story, a story that began centuries ago. All thetoiling of your ancestors has led to this moment: aunited Egypt, with cities unparalleled in all the world.How difficult it must have been for your earliest fore-bears to dedicate themselves to Egypt’s glory whenthat glory must have seemed so far away.

As you prepare yourself for your final journey, youcan be sure that all who went on before you are proudof your final achievement. Yet, you also know thatwithout the efforts of each of your ancestors, Egyptwould not be what it is today. Great Pyramids aremade up of individual stones, and great nations aremade up of individuals dedicated to a common goal.And, just as the Pyramid needs each stone to be com-plete, each individual’s contributions made it possiblefor Egypt to be the great land it has become.

A New Egypt Thrives

As we approach the new millennium, some-how the spectacular though enigmatic civi-lization of ancient Egypt seems to have taken

on a new significance for the modern world. Alwaysshrouded by a certain mystique and romanticism, thisremarkable culture now seems to reach out at us,evoking familiar but still tantalizing questions aboutour place in the universe, where we’ve come from andwhere we’re going. Why does this long dead civiliza-tion have such an effect on us?

Could it be simply that the tremendous antiquity ofthis culture almost defies belief? Indeed, this civiliza-tion is so old that the great pyramids were ancient his-tory by the time the Roman Empire arrived on thescene. Maybe it’s just that there’s a certain kind ofmagic that we, as human beings, find ourselves believ-ing in, precisely because so much remains unknownabout this amazing culture, whose great and wondrousachievements we still marvel at to this day. ThoughEgypt has certainly endured the test of time, the truthis that on the eve of this new millennium, as we pon-der such enticing questions as “is there life on otherplanets?”, there is still quite a lot about the history ofour own world we don’t know, and may never know.

What we do know about ancient Egypt is fascinating,yet the topic conjures up very different images to justabout anyone you ask. To some people, the study ofancient Egypt only means dusty old textbooks andstuffy museums. To others it’s the stuff of tabloidheadlines, where alien encounters and the resurrectionof the dead are an integral part of the picture. Well,with Pharaoh we hope we’ve changed that! In thisgame, you won’t be stuck staring at photographs of

Designer’s Notes

Another core element of the Pharaoh game model isits farming system. Confined to a very narrow ribbonof arable land surrounded by thousands of square milesof barren and inhospitable desert, the ancientEgyptians took advantage of many sources of food,such as wild game, fish and beef cattle — all of whichwe’ve included in Pharaoh. However, in order for theircivilization to truly prosper, Egyptian farmers had tocontrive and master some peculiar and innovativefarming practices to fully take advantage of the richand fertile soil (referred to as ‘the black land’), whichwas deposited each year, as the annual inundation ofthe great Nile river receded. In time almost every facetof Egyptian culture was to some degree bound to thisyearly cycle, and for several months of the year (whentheir fields were entirely covered by water), most peas-ant farmers contributed to the construction of thegreat monuments.

For cities located further to the north, in Lower Egypt,the flood waters would come later in the year. If Africaexperienced a drought (or if Osiris was displeased), noflood would come. ‘Nilometers’ were built to helppredict the level of the annual flood, and huge gra-naries were constructed to store the immense annualharvest. Massive irrigation projects were undertaken toextend the benefits of the flood, and, of course, priestsalways took tremendous pains to ensure that Osiris wasappeased.

In Pharaoh, to allow you to experience this unique wayof life first hand, we’ve incorporated all of these prin-ciples into a detailed, yet simple to use farming system.I could go on and spend hundreds of pages outliningthe ‘story’ behind each facet of Pharaoh, but I thinkthe game speaks for itself.

217Designer’s Notes

crumbling old ruins, or lifeless paintings of long-deadPharaohs nor will you see flying saucers hovering overthe pyramids, or terrifying mummies walking thestreets. What you will see in Pharaoh is a vivid pictureof ancient Egypt brought to life – our version of itanyway.

Just what is our version of life in an ancient Egyptiancity? The tremendous challenges of maintaining ahuge population, almost exclusively for the purpose ofconstructing massive monuments of mudbrick andstone, is central to Pharaoh, as it was to the rulers ofancient Egypt. Above all else, what made the con-struction of edifices like the great pyramids and sphinxpossible, was the tremendous gift the pharaohs had fororganizing and controlling huge numbers of people.This dominant aspect of ancient Egyptian life is a hugepart of the Pharaoh experience, and something I amsure most strategy gamers can relate to.

In our game, as in ancient Egypt, the successful com-pletion of monuments like the great pyramids (oreven a small pyramid for that matter) is a detailed andmulti-stepped process. It entails quarrying or import-ing stone, or making bricks from clay and straw, thenusing peasants to haul these materials to the construc-tion site where masons and bricklayers (supported bycarpenters) set them into place. Block by block themonument rises ever higher and higher - one step at atime. Watching a pyramid or other monument inchits way toward the sky, due to the efforts of an entirepopulation of workers, scribes and peasants, is a realconstructive gaming experience, perhaps too oftenneglected in favor of the destructive, and we hopeyou’ll enjoy this as much as we do.

216 Designer’s Notes

219Designer’s Notes

One final note: There is often a tendency to ascribe thesuccess of any really great game (and in case youhaven’t guessed, we think Pharaoh is a really greatgame) to a single individual “visionary”, or “star”.Maybe epilogues like these “designer’s notes” I’m nowwriting are evidence of this…I don’t know.

I do know, however, that Pharaoh could not have beenpossible without the extraordinary talents of all of thedevelopment staff here at Impressions. It has of coursebeen my job (and my pleasure) to lay the foundationfor what Pharaoh would be, and to provide a (hopeful-ly gentle) guiding hand to keep it on track, but it is theart, programming, production, music, sound design,play testing and writing staff here at Impressions whotruly bring a game like Pharaoh to life. Each adds hisor her own unique touch, while remaining true to thecharacter of what we’ve collectively created, and oncea project like this is underway, it positively takes on alife of its own (which I must say is truly magnificent tosee).

What’s more, although Pharaoh has been largelybrought to fruition by a certain “core team” of indi-viduals, in fact by the time any one of our games leavesthe studio and enters the world, pretty much everyoneat Impressions — including members of other projectteams — has contributed something to it. So aboveall, Pharaoh is an Impressions game, and one which Ihope will both entertain and inform for years to come.

Chris BeatriceCambridge, MassachusettsSeptember 1, 1999

218 Designer’s Notes

Appendix 1: BuildingSummary

221

223

Storage &Distribution. Whileit is undesirable to

live right next to a Bazaar, itis desirable to live nearby.

Building Cost

Empl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Academy

20

Military. ProvidingAcademy trainingto soldiers increases

their experience.

Apothecary

5

Bandstand

12

Entertainment. Hasa musicians’ stageand a juggler’s stage.

Must be placed overintersection

Bazaar

5

Booth

8

Entertainment. Hasonly a juggler’sstage. Must be

placed over intersection

Brewery

12

Industrial. Needs asupply of barley tomake beer.

Architect’s Post

5

AAppppeennddiixx 11:: BBuuiillddiinngg SSuummmmaarryyThe following chart lists, in alphabetical order, all thebuildings you can build in Pharaoh except for monu-ments and housing. Here is a key to the symbols:

High stacks of coins indicate high constructioncost. Low stacks of coins show which build-

ings put less of a strain on the city’s purse strings.

Trash cans mark the buildings that have a negativeinfluence on an area’s desirability. The more

trash cans you see, the worse the building is for anarea’s quality.

Flowers denote the buildings that have a positiveeffect on an area’s desirability. Buildings that are

most desirable additions to any neighborhood haveseveral flowers marking them.

Some buildings have a risk of catching fire. Theyare indicated by a flame.

Some buildings are especially prone to collapseand in need of attention from an architect. They

are marked by a hammer.

222

Health &Sanitation

Municipal

225224

Municipal. FerryLandings must beplaced in pairs, one

each on opposing sides ofthe river.

Food & Farming.Types of farms areBarley, Chickpea,

Fig, Flax, Grain, Lettuceand Pomegranate. OnlyMeadow Farms requireemployees.

Storage andDistribution. Mustbe placed on straight

edge of coastline in a nav-igable location.

Health & Sanitation.Has no effect on CityHealth; contributes

to to a neighborhood’sdesirability.

Entertainment.Trains dancers toperform on dancers’

stages found only inPavilions.

Courthouse

10

Building Cost

Empl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Dance School

Dentist

Dock

Farm

Ferry Landing

10

2

12

10

5

Entertainment.Trains musicians toperform on musi-

cians’ stages found inBandstands and Pavilions.

8

Conservatory

Industry. Needs adelivery of wood toconstruct ramps and

scaffolding.

Bricklayers’ Guild

10

Building

12

-

8

12

30

8

Brickworks

Industry. Makesbricks from strawand clay.

Bridge

Municipal. Cost isper section ofbridge; maximum

length is four sections.

Carpenters’ Guild

Cattle Ranch

Food & Farming.Needs straw tofeed cattle.

Chariot Maker

Military. Needswood to makechariots.

Clay Pit

Cost

Empl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Industry

Industry: RawMaterials.

Municipal. Storesa portion of thecity’s funds.

227226

Building Cost

Empl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Hunting Lodge

Irrigation Ditch

Jeweler

Juggler’s School

Library

Mansion: Dynasty

Mansion: Family

6

-

-

30

5

12

-

Entertainment.Trains jugglers whoperform on jug-

gler’s stages at Booths,Bandstands and Pavilions.

Education. Needsan initial supply ofpapyrus to be built

and additional suppliesof papyrus to continueto function.

Municipal. Mustbe built partiallyon grassland.

Stores family savings

Municipal. Mustbe built partiallyon grassland.

Stores family savings.

Building Cost

Empl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Firehouse

Fishing Wharf

Fort

Garden

Gatehouse

Granary

-

-

-

-

6

6

12

Religion. Festivalscannot be heldwithout a Festival

Square

Food & Farming.Must be placed ona straight edge of

coastline in a navigablelocation.

Military. Types ofForts are Infantry,Archer and

Charioteer

Festival Square

Municipal

Municipal:Beautification

Military

Storage &Distribution

Food & Farming

Food & Farming

Industry

229228

Building Cost

Empl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Palace, Village

Papyrus Maker

Pavilion

Physician’s office

Plaza

Police Station

Potter

Quarry, Granite

20

12

20

8

-

6

12

12

Municipal. One sec-tion must be built ongrassland; needed tocollect taxes; stores a

portion of the city’s funds.

Industry. Turnsreeds into papyrus.

Has a musicians’ stage,juggler’s stage anddancers’ stage. Must

be placed on intersection

Municipal:Beautification. Must bebuilt on paved road.

Industry. Turnsclay into pottery.

Industry: rawmaterials. Must beplaced adjacent to

a rocky outcropping.

Municipal. Must bebuilt partially ongrassland. Stores

family savings.

Building Cost

Empl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Mansion, Personal

Mine, Copper

Mine, Gemstone

Mine, Gold

Mortuary

-

30

8

12

8

10

Palace, City

Palace, Town

25

Industry: raw mate-rials. Must be builtadjacent to a rocky

outcropping marked withmetallic nuggets.

Industry: raw mate-rials. Must be builtadjacent to a rocky

outcropping

Industry: raw mate-rials. Must be builtadjacent to a out-

cropping marked withmetallic nuggets

Health &Sanitation. Needs asupply of linen to

function.

Municipal. One sec-tion must be built ongrassland; needed to

collect taxes; stores a portionof the city’s funds.

Municipal. One sec-tion must be built ongrassland; needed to

collect taxes; stores a por-tion of the city’s funds.

Heath & Sanitation

Municipal

231230

Building Cost

Empl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Senet House

Shipwright

Shrine

Statue, Large

Statue, Medium

Statue, Small

-

-

-

-

20

25Entertainment.Needs beer to oper-ate.

Industry. Needs asupply of wood tobuild and repair

ships (except fishingboats).

Religion. Shrinescan be dedicatedto Osiris, Ra, Ptah,

Seth, or Bast

Building Cost

Empl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Quarry, Limestone

Quarry, Plain stone

Quarry, Sandstone

Recruiter

Reed Gatherer

Road Block

Scribal School

12

12

12

10

8

-

10







Education. Needspapyrus to function.

Military

Industry: raw mate-rial

Municipal




233232

Building Cost Control Panel

Location/OtherEmpl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Tower

Transport Wharf

Wall

Warship Wharf

Water Lift

Water Supply

Weaponsmith

6

5

-

15

5

5

12

Military. Gets sen-tries from theRecruiter’s office;

built on walls.

Military. Must beplaced on a straightedge of coastline in

a navigable location.

Military. Must beplaced on a straightedge of coastline in

a navigable location.

Health &Sanitation. Must beplaced on grassland.

Military. Needscopper to makeweapons.


Location/OtherEmpl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Stonemasons’ Guild

Storage Yard

Tax Collector

Temple Complex

Altar

Oracle

Temple

12

6

8

50

6

Municipal. Cannotcollect taxesunless the city has

a Palace; stores a por-tion of the city’s funds.

Religion. Only oneTemple Complexper city; can be

dedicated to Osiris, Ra,Ptah, Seth, or Bast; ora-cles and altars are dedi-cated to minor gods.

Religion. Can bededicated to Osiris,Ra, Ptah, Seth, or

Bast.

Industry

Storage &Distribution

Military

Food & Farming,Must be placed onstraight edge of

coastline or adjacent toflood plain.

235

Appendix 2A Brief History of Egypt

234


Location/OtherEmpl

oyee

sN

eede

dEf

fect

on

Desir

abili

tyRi

sks

Weaver

Well

Wood Cutter

Work Camp

12

20

8

-

Industry. Needs flaxto make linen.

Health &Sanitation. Must beplaced on grassland.

Industry: rawmaterials.

Food & Farming

237A Brief History of Egypt

and the majority of ancient Egyptians lived along the river. The Egyptiansreferred to the desert as deshret, or the “red land” and called the landalong the Nile kemet, or “black land,” which is also the name the ancientEgyptians used to refer to their homeland.

Most of Egypt’s population lived on the black land along theNile. Here, they were able to establish farms. The desert, however, wasnot completely devoid of life. During ancient times, the Egyptians hunt-ed several animal species that thrived among the brush in the desert.

Egypt’s particular geography aided its early development. Egyptwas naturally protected on three sides. The desert, along with theMediterranean sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east, provided earlyEgypt with natural barriers against its foes. Limestone cliffs lining the NileValley bolstered the defenses to the east and west. To the south wasNubia, but during Egypt’s infancy, the land to south posed no problems.

Without much fear of invasion, Egypt developed the internalinfrastructure and economy that led to its longevity. Within a few hun-dred years of its first unification, Egypt began military conquests abroadand built fortresses to bolster its boundaries. As other cultures developedsea-going vessels, ancient Egypt’s natural protections broke down. By thistime, however, Egypt had learned to protect itself.

A note about date usage: historians, using papyri and otherancient sources, have been able to reconstruct the chronology of whencertain pharaohs ruled and for how long they were in power. There issome debate, however, over when specific pharaohs actually ruled. As aresult, dates vary from source to source, and dates used in this supplementmight differ from those in other books and articles you’ve read aboutancient Egypt.

One more thing: people have lived along the banks of the Nilefor at least 7,500 years. During this incredibly long stretch of time, placenames changed. In this text, city names that the ancient Egyptians usedare given, followed in parenthesis by their more familiar classical names.

236 A Brief History of Egypt

IntroductionFirst, indulge our compulsion to explain the purpose of this sup-

plement. The culture that we think of when we say “Ancient Egypt” sus-tained itself for thousands of years. The purpose of this appendix is not toprovide a comprehensive history of Ancient Egypt — if we did that, themanual wouldn’t fit in the box! Rather, the purpose of this supplement is,first and foremost, to get you excited about this amazing culture. Wealso want to provide more of a context for Pharaoh, so that you can linkevents in the game with historical fact. Lastly, we want to share some ofthe themes and ideas that attracted us to this culture. So, without anyfurther ado . . .

Some Quick Geographical NotesThe ancient Egyptians divided their land into two parts, Upper

Egypt and Lower Egypt. Upper and lower do not refer to north andsouth; rather, the terms refer to the flow of the Nile and the elevation ofthe land. Upper Egypt is the southernregion and takes its name because it isclosest to the source of the Nile, or upriver, and therefore lies on higher ter-rain. Lower Egypt consists primarily ofthe Nile delta region and takes its namebecause it is furthest from the source ofthe Nile, or down river. It is also closerto sea level than Upper Egypt.

The predominant geographicalfeature of ancient Egypt was a vastdesert bisected by the Nile. The Nilecut a fertile swath along Egypt’s length,

239A Brief History of Egypt

Some of these small civilizations exhibited facets of what wouldbecome ancient Egyptian culture. By 5500 BC, agriculture became theprimary source of food, particularly in southern, or Upper, Egypt.Wheat and barley were grown and stored in granaries of different shapesand sizes. Agrarian communities formed to support the farms.

Burial customs also evolved into a familiar form. The dead wereburied in cemeteries on the outskirts of villages, far from the living andaway from arable land. Tools and food that they would have used duringlife were buried along with them. By about 4000 BC, when a second cul-ture had established itself at Naqada, tombs evolved into undergroundrooms that were supplied with everyday items.

Other conventions practiced by the earliest Egyptians includedthe use of malachite as eye makeup to reduce the sun’s glare and the useof oils for perfume. The throwing stick, used throughout ancientEgyptian history to hunt, was also used during Pre-Dynastic times.

As agrarian communities formed into more organized villages,leaders arose, and certain villages reached dominance. In Upper Egypt,Thinis and Nubt (Naqada), which was associated with Seth, God ofDestruction, were the pre-eminent cities. In Lower Egypt, Perwadjyt(Buto) and Behdet (Apollinopolis) were centers of power.

Archaic (Early Dynastic) Period1st and 2nd Dynasties

3000-2649 BCIt was within the framework of strong regional leaders that

ancient Egypt was first unified. Historians disagree on which leader actu-

238

Pre-Dynastic Period 5500-3000BC

The era before pharaohs rose to power is called the Pre-DynasticPeriod. Several cultures arose along the fertile banks of the Nile duringthis time. In Lower Egypt, groups of people lived around Merimda, northof what would become Men-nefer (Memphis). Another culture formedin the Fayuum. To the south in Upper Egypt, cultures formed nearAbydos, and several formed at Naqada, or Nubt.

Patron GodsReligion in Egypt developed regionally. Though in time all the

gods were united into one pantheon, most cities stubbornly maintainedallegiance to their own regional gods. Some cities held one god in par-ticularly high esteem and viewed that god as its patron. For example,Bubastis’ patron god was Bast, Nubt’s (Naqada) patron god was Seth,Nehken’s (Hierokonopolis) god was Horus, and Abedju’s (Abydos) andBusiris’ patron god was Osiris.

Different gods rose to prominence at different times, and theyoften swapped characteristics with one another. For example, one of theearliest pharaohs, Hor-Aha, looked upon Ptah as his patron god. Ptah’sstature increased during Hor-Aha’s reign, and he became the creator ofall the gods. Later, Ra was deemed the creator god and, later still, Amonbecame the chief god.

Loyalty to a certain patron god occasionally brought mythologi-cal overtones to political struggles. At the end of the Archaic Period,Khasekem, firmly united with Horus, battled Peribsen, who affiliatedhimself with Seth, for rule of Egypt. Interestingly, in Egyptian mytholo-gy, Seth is portrayed as a usurper of first Osiris’, then of Horus’, power. Inthis instance, no one knows if life is imitating mythology or mythologyis imitating life.

A Brief History of Egypt

241A Quick Guide to the History of Egypt

the reunification, Khasekhem took the name Khasekhemwy, which means“two powers have appeared.”

By the end of the Archaic Period, Egypt was again unified underone leader. Burial in a great mastaba tomb was the common practice forthe nobility. The potter’s wheel had been invented, resulting in stronger,longer-lasting ceramic pieces. Trade with neighbors brought neededgoods and raw materials into the country. And, due to the conflictbetween Khasekhemy and Peribsen, Horus was firmly established as thedeity of the pharaohs.

Old Kingdom3rd-6th Dynasties

2649-2195 BCThe Old Kingdom was a time of prosperity in ancient Egypt.

Pharaohs firmly united the land with a highly centralized government.Egypt was divided into nomes, each of which was led by a nomarch.Generally, Nomarchs were close relatives of the pharaohs and very loyal tothem.

With the union between Upper and Lower Egypt solidified,pharaohs turned their attention to foreign expeditions with the intentionof increasing the nation’s wealth. Egypt looked primarily to its south forgold and to its east, most notable at Serabit el-Khadim in Sinai, for copperand turquoise. The Egyptians founded settlements in these locations anddid battle with Bedouin, Nubians, Syrians, Canaanites and Palestinians.The Egyptians also established settlements in the west at the BahariyaOasis in the Western Desert. This location was key to facilitating landtrade. The expeditions into these areas had the desired effect: Egypt’swealth increased, and pharaohs could afford to spend the country’s new-

240 A Quick Guide to the History of Egypt

ally united Egypt first. In ancient Egyptian lore, the mythical pharaohMenes, who hailed from Thinis, is credited with the feat; however, no arti-facts found during the time Menes would have lived mention his name.

Most historians are sure that Narmer was one of the first rulers ofEgypt, although no one is sure how much of Egypt he ruled. The NarmerPalette, a stone artifact found at Thinis, depicts Narmer wearing the crownof Upper Egypt on one side and Lower Egypt on the other. Some histori-ans point to this palette as clear evidence that Narmer ruled both parts ofEgypt.

Historians are certain that Hor-Aha ruled a unified Egypt andfounded its first capital at Men-nefer. Hor-Aha selected a site in the mid-dle of Egypt, between the two lands. He called his capital “White Walls,”but it would be later referred to as Men-nefer (Memphis). Land for thecapital city was created by diverting the flow of the Nile by using a largedike. Hor-Aha also established Ptah as the primary god, and undertookmilitary and trade expeditions to Nubia, Lebanon and Sinai.

Hor-Aha’s successors followed his pattern of leadership, andEgyptian culture flourished. Papyrus and hieroglyphics were in use, andthe ability to centralize the government was aided significantly by recordkeeping. The Egyptian government also measured the Nile’s inundationsand directly managed farm labor. Medical papyri were written, and stonewas first used in buildings and sculptures. Nobility were buried in finelydecorated mastabas at Abedju (Abydos) and Saqqara.

Several pharaohs followed Hor-Aha, shoring up the union andadding land. At the end of the second dynasty, however, the union brokedown. Two men, Persiben and Khasekhem, claimed the throne.Departing from the standard, Persiben took a “Seth name” instead of thetraditional “Horus name.” In addition to being closely associated withLower Egypt, Seth, in Egyptian mythology, is Horus’ enemy. Khasekhemretained the practice of taking a “Horus Name.” During the conflict,Khasekhem was forced southward to Nehken (Hierakopolis), but ulti-mately managed to defeat Persiben and his forces, reuniting Egypt. After


the dynasty, Djoser, had the first pyramid built at Saqqara. Imhotep, hisvizier who was noted for his intelligence and also served as a high priestfor the sun cult at On (Heliopolis), oversaw the construction of the pyra-mid and acted as its architect. The pyramid, called a “Stepped Pyramid,” isessentially six mastabas, one on top of the other, with each level smallerthan the previous level. No one is quite sure what the pyramid wasintended to portray, but some archeologists suspect that the pyramid wasintended to look like a stairway to the heavens.

Several stepped pyramids were built for other pharaohs up untilthe time of Snofru. Under Snofru, the first pharaoh of the FourthDynasty, the pyramid form was perfected. Snofru’s first project was tocomplete his father Huni’s pyramid at Meidum. Huni’s pyramid began asa stepped pyramid. When Snofru finished the project, he smoothed thesides, foreshadowing the style of pyramids to come.

Snofru began at least three of his own pyramid projects. His firstone collapsed under its own weight. His second pyramid, the “BentPyramid,” is still standing at Dahshur. The angle of the sides changes half-way up, although no one is quite sure why. One theory is that the archi-tects feared another collapse and reduced the angle. Another theory isthat Snofru died during the construction, so the angle was reduced tospeed up completion. A third theory is that the Bent Pyramid is a giganticobelisk, designed to represent one of the sun’s rays. Regardless, the BentPyramid did feature the smooth sides that would distinguish true pyramidsfrom step pyramids.

Snofru’s architectsfinally perfected thetrue pyramid form withthe Red Pyramid. Alsolocated at Dahshur, thepyramid featured thecharacteristic smoothsides and outer casingof fine stone that sub-


found wealth on massive monuments.

The Old Kingdom also witnessed the rise of the solar cult. Thepyramids are in the shape of the benben, where Ra-Atum, the creator godin the solar cult, first appeared. Later in the Old Kingdom, the solar cultbecame more dominant with the construction of Sun Temples in severalcities throughout Egypt.

The Old Kingdom began with the start of the Third Dynasty, andpyramid construction began almost immediately. The second pharaoh of

Pyramid BuildingNo one is quite sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyra-

mids. The process is not depicted in any remaining artifacts. Piecingtogether evidence from the pyramid sites and depictions of the construc-tion of other types of monuments, most archeologists believe that pyra-mid construction relied on the use of ramps made from unfired mudbrickand wood. Exactly how the ramps were placed in relation to the pyramidremains a mystery. Some think that the ramps were placed perpendicularto the pyramid. As the pyramid grew in size, so too did the ramp.Others think that a series of ramps, each at a 90 degree angle to the pre-vious ramp, circled the pyramid. This would make each ramp shorter, butbegs the question of how massive stones were maneuvered around 90degree turns.

Most agree on how the stones were moved from the quarries tothe pyramid sites. Wharves and docks were constructed especially for thepyramid construction, and a ramp leading from the water’s edge led tothe pyramid site. Stones were pulled on large sledges by potentially hun-dreds of men. To reduce friction, limestone and water or roller logs wereplaced under the sledges.

Other theories suspect the use of wind power or simple machineslike levers or pulleys to help hoist the huge stones. Of course, there’s thatsilly alien theory, but who really believes that?


strengthening of that of other families was instrumental in the collapse ofthe Old Kingdom. The last Old Kingdom ruler, the Sixth Dynasty’s PepyII, governed Egypt for about 94 years, the longest reign of any monarchin recorded history. Age eventually hampered his ability to govern, andthe families that had been entrusted to govern the different areas, orNomes, of Egypt seized more power. Famine completed the downfall ofthe central government. The climate had changed, and the yearly mon-soons that created the Nile’s flood ceased. Without the flood, farmlandbecame less fertile until it eventually could no longer support crops. Thebasis of the economy was gone, people were going hungry, and Pharaoh,a living god on earth, was powerless to do anything. Ancient Egypt againsplintered into small communities, each with a provincial leader at itshead. The central government disappeared.

First Intermediate Period7th-11th Dynasties

2195-2066 BCThe First Intermediate Period was a time of strife. Famine’s grip

on the populace was strong, and leaders of the many small communitiesdid what they could to feed their people. Eventually, Upper Egypt andLower Egypt again took shape as separate kingdoms.

By about 2160 BC, a group of rulers located at Henen-nesw(Herakleopolis) managed to reunite Lower Egypt. The Herakleopolitanrulers were the rightful heirs to Egypt’s throne and claimed full royal titu-lary. They expelled Libyans and Asiatics who had moved into the NileDelta looking for food. They repaired old irrigation canals, fortified theborders and opened trade with Byblos in Lebanon. The Herakleopolitankings were also renowned for their cruelty. Still, they managed to unite


sequent pyramids would mimic. The pyramid takes its name from thecolor of the monument at sunset.

Pyramid building reached its apex with Khufu’s (Cheops’) pyra-mid at Rostja (Giza). The pyramid, the largest still standing, was originallyabout 476 feet tall with sides of about 750 feet in length. It consists ofabout 2,300,000 blocks of limestone. The entire pyramid was encased inTura limestone, brought to the site from On (Heliopolis). Pyramid-building continued throughout the Old Kingdom, and some early MiddleKingdom pharaohs had them built. In all, about 50 royal pyramids havebeen discovered in Egypt, with dozens of smaller pyramids built for lessernobility.

The grandeur of the pyramids underscored the pharaohs’ standingas gods on earth and reflected the power and wealth they held during theThird and Fourth Dynasties. Some historians estimate that most of thenation’s wealth was devoted to pyramid construction.

The Fifth Dynasty marked a shift away from building colossalpyramids. Pyramids were still constructed, but on a much smaller scale,because more resources were devoted to building Temples of the Sun.

Userkaf, the first pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty, built the firstTemple of the Sun at Djedu (Abusir). Six other Fifth Dynasty pharaohsbuilt Temples of the Sun, cementing the solar cult as the central theology.

Eventually, the tightly centralized government that made monu-ment building possible began to break down. While the Fourth Dynastypharaoh filled government posts with close relatives, the Fifth Dynastypharaohs did not follow suit. The extensive network of government offi-cials remained, but these posts were no longer filled by relatives of thepharaohs. Rather, nobility from other families filled these posts. Fromtheir relationship with pharaoh, they gained power without necessarilyhaving the sense of loyalty that a blood relative might have.

This weakening of the pharaohs’ power combined with the


disparate people during a difficult time.

Simultaneously, the ruling family from Waset (Thebes) unitedUpper Egypt, albeit in a much looser confederacy than Lower Egypt.Inyotef I was the first ruler from Waset to begin to unite the territory.He conquered land to the south and assumed the title “Great Chieftain ofUpper Egypt.” Unlike his Herakleoplitan counterparts, he did not layclaim to the title of Pharaoh.

Inyotef’s successors strengthened the confederacy of southernEgypt, and as their power increased, began to call themselves Pharaoh.Once southern nomes had been subdued, they turned their attentionnorthward. Skirmishes along the borders of Upper and Lower Egypterupted into a full scale civil war.

Mentuhotep II, a descendant of the Inyotefs, emerged and finallydefeated the Herakleopolitans. He took the name Sam-towe, whichmeans “unifier of the two lands.” He established a new Egyptian capital atWaset.

With a new capital, a new patron god gained influence. Waset’spatron god was Amon, and Amon supplanted Ra as the primary god inEgypt. As with Ra previously, Amon was purported to be the original godfrom whom all other gods sprung. The sun cult remained strong, howev-er, and Amon would eventually become associated with Ra.

In addition to the new dominance of Amon, the FirstIntermediate Period introduced other changes to religious practices.While Egypt was splintered into its nomes, rulers of villages and regionsaccorded themselves the same burial rights that had once been reservedfor pharaohs and their closest relatives. The Osiris cult also rose in promi-nence, which further expanded access to burial rights by opening theafterlife to all. Soon, Egyptians from all walks of life entered the afterlife,provided they had enough money to pay for the ritual.

With this pronounced shift in access to funerary services came a


The Nile, the Inundationand the Work Year

Ancient Egyptian civilization would not have developed as it didhad it not been for the Nile’s yearly floods. Each year, the Nile wouldflood, or inundate, its banks. The Egyptians referred to this season asAhket, and during Ahket farming was impossible. Near the end of Ahket,the Nile receded, leaving behind deposits of rich silt that nourished the soilalong the banks. Following Ahket was Proyet, or the growing season.During Proyet, farmers would return to the land and plant crops. Reapingwas done during Shemu, the last of ancient Egypt’s three seasons.

The ancient Egyptians were quick to recognize the value of theNile’s floods. The pharaohs set up nilometers along the river in UpperEgypt to gauge the height of the next flood. Royal priests were entrustedwith analyzing the nilometer and issuing a prediction regarding the nextflood season.

Disaster struck when the inundation did not occur. The OldKingdom ended in part due to a series of poor inundations. Crops not onlyfed Egypt’s people, they were the primary currency in which Egypt traded.Without food, famine struck the land and the economy collapsed.

The Nile’s flood cycle also contributed to the great monumentsand pyramids with which we associate Egypt. Construction on these massiveprojects took place during the Inundation, when thousands of able-bodiedworkers would be sitting idly by waiting for the flood to recede. TheEgyptian government conscripted the laborers to work on the project, butthe workers did reap some benefits. They were paid for their considerableefforts, which supplemented the workers’ yearly incomes. It was consideredan honor among many to work on the great projects. Helping a pharaohachieve immortality could go a long way to achieving your own.

The ancient Egyptians, then, had the Nile to thank for almostevery aspect of their lives. The Nile provided a relatively reliable source ofarable land, and because of it annual flooding created the pool of laborneeded to build the lasting monuments to their culture.


to take advantage of available natural resources. Mining on the Sinaipeninsula and in Nubia again produced the raw materials necessary tomake fine art objects.

The Eleventh Dynasty also saw the renewal of trade relations withother countries. Old trade routes were reopened, including the WadiHammamat, the dried river bed that served as the link between the RedSea and Kebet (Coptos). Mentuhotep III also commissioned a trip to dis-tant Pwenet (Punt) to acquire myrrh.

BeerAncient Egypt is one of the most studied and revered cultures

that has ever existed. What conclusions, then, can be drawn from theEgyptians’ passion for beer?

Beer, or heneket in the ancient Egyptian tongue, was the bever-age of choice for the ancient Egyptians from the loftiest pharaoh to thelowliest peasant. The beer was fermented from barley, which was mostlikely baked into a bread at the start of the brewing process. Water waspoured over the bread until it fermented, and sometimes it was flavoredwith fruits. The elixir was passed through a strainer and bottled for con-sumption.

Beer was drunk through a special mug that had a straw attachedto it. At the end of the straw was a filter to remove any of the remainingtidbits of barley bread left in the beer. Beer was enjoyed at home, but theEgyptians also went out to their local taverns to drink with friends andplay games.

The importance of drinking beer was recognized at Deir el-Medina, the workers’ village established to support the construction workat the Valley of the Kings. In an old attendance record recovered fromthe sight, spending a day drinking was a legitimate reason for missingwork. The ancient Egyptians certainly were an advanced culture.


marked change in the funerary customs themselves. Pharaohs, as gods,were not judged before entering the afterlife. When the afterlife wasopened to mortals, the concepts of a final judgment and last confessionwere introduced.

Artistically, sculpture and architecture suffered during the FirstIntermediate Period. Resources were limited, and attention was turned tofeeding people and consolidating power. During this time, however, thegroundwork was laid for the great literary works of the Middle Kingdom.Without the unifying, religious force of the pharaohs, writers felt freer toexpress personal thoughts on secular subjects.

Middle Kingdom11th-14th Dynasties

2066-1650 BCAt the start of the Middle Kingdom, Egypt again recognized

pharaoh as the supreme ruler of the land. Conditions had changed con-siderably from the Old Kingdom, however. The power that regional lead-ers found during the First Intermediate period continued in the MiddleKingdom, and pharaohs were tasked with keeping their nomarchs undercontrol. Many nomarchs held standing armies, which the pharaohsallowed as long as the nomarchs provided troops when the pharaohsrequested them.

After the reunification of Egypt, Mentuhotep II and his succes-sors formed the Eleventh Dynasty and reigned for about 70 years.Military might was strong during their dynasty, and expeditions to Sinai,Palestine, Nubia and Libya were undertaken to both suppress enemies and


The Middle Kingdom also witnessed the expansion of trade rela-tions. Partnerships were established with Syria, Lebanon and Palestine.Aegean artifacts dating to the Middle Kingdom have also been found,indicating trade with Aegean nations directly or through Lebanon.

Monument building in the Twelfth Dynasty shifted away fromrock-hewn tombs back to the traditional pyramid. The Twelfth Dynastypharaohs scattered their pyramids around Egypt. Several built their pyra-mids at Dahshur, others built theirs outside of Itjtawy, and Amenemhat IIIbuilt his second pyramid at Hawara in the Fayuum. Most of the pyramidswere built of mudbrick with Tura limestone casings. One notable excep-tion is Amenemhat III’s Black Pyramid. The Black Pyramid was built inpart with basalt, lending it its dark color.

Ancient Egyptian literature reached its height during the TwelfthDynasty. A new canon of texts emerged, and forms included instructiontexts and narratives. These texts were quite popular at the scribal schools,and later scribes learned their art by copying the manuscripts over andover. For example, there are four papyri, two drawing boards and about100 ostraca, or shards of pottery, with The Satire of the Trades inscribedupon them. Although the manuscript was written during the MiddleKingdom, all the extant copies date to the New Kingdom, indicating thepopularity of the text. It makes sense that The Satire of the Trades wasappealing to aspiring scribes: it is an instructional text extolling the virtuesof being a scribe by humorously criticizing all other trades.

Egyptian theology continued to evolve through the MiddleKingdom. In addition to the emergence of Amon, Osiris continued togain importance as the God of the Dead. The concept of judgementbefore entrance into the afterlife had begun during the First IntermediatePeriod, and Osiris was placed as the last judge during the Middle Kingdom.Pharaohs sought to honor Osiris, and the numbers of fine monuments inAbedju (Abydos), one of Osiris’ cities, attests to the god’s importance.

The end of the Twelfth Dynasty marked the beginning of the


With the influx of raw materials and the revitalization of thenation’s coffers, Egyptian art and architecture again began to flourish.Mentuhotep II built a large mortuary complex carved from a cliff atDjeseru-Djeseru (Deir el-Bahri). Mentuhotep III built many templesthroughout southern Egypt, including temples at Abu (Elephantine),Abedju (Abydos) and Waset (Thebes). The temples were decorated withexquisite reliefs and drawings, showing that considerable artistic skill stillresided in Egypt in spite of the previous turmoil.

The last action undertaken by the Eleventh Dynasty was an expe-dition into the Wadi Hammamat to quarry stone for Mentuhotep IV’ssarcophagus. The leader of this mining expedition was Amenemhet,Vizier of Upper Egypt. Amenemhet peaceably rose to the throne andbecame Pharaoh, perhaps illustrating that even provincial rulers can rise tobecome Pharaoh if they are particularly successful. He started the TwelfthDynasty, a dynasty that ruled Egypt for over 200 years.

After he came to power, Amenemhet founded a new capital forEgypt. He chose a location in central Egypt about 30 miles south ofMemphis and called his new capital Itjtawy, or “Seizing the Two Lands.”Amenemhat undertook an aggressive campaign to expand Egypt’s bor-ders. To the south, he moved well into Nubia as far as the third cataractand established the city of Heh (Semna) where Sesostris III would laterbuild an impressive fortification. Amenemhat also forced the Libyans outof the Fayuum and re-established Egyptian settlements there. Coupledwith expansion were new fortifications to protect the borders. The mostfamous of these fortifications is the Wall of the Prince, a series of fortress-es along common inroads to Egypt.

While Amenemhat was away on foreign expeditions, rivalsattempted to usurp his throne. As a result, Amenenhat introduced thepractice of co-regency, which became one of the keys to the longevity ofhis dynasty. In the twentieth year of his reign, he named his son and heir,Sesostris, co-regent. They ruled together until Amenemhat’s death. Withthe next pharaoh firmly in power before the current pharaoh’s death, pre-tenders to the throne had a difficult time usurping a pharaoh’s power.


the Hyksos bettered their stature in Egyptian society. When chaos struckat the end of the Middle Kingdom, the Hyksos rose to power.

The Hyksos ruled Lower Egypt and established their capital atRowarty (Avaris). While they directly ruled only Lower Egypt, they heldsway over Upper Egypt as well. The governors of Upper Egypt, based inWaset (Thebes), paid tribute to the Hyksos.

Gods and Goddesses The Egyptians worshiped dozens of gods and some were more

prominent than others (see “Patron Gods” on page 238 for more on theimportance of specific gods). Some of the gods belonged to families ofgods. The most notable of these sets of gods are the Ogdoad gods andthe Eannead gods.

The Ogdoad gods had a cult center in Khmun (Hermopolis) androse to prominence during the Middle Kingdom. The Ogdoad consistedof god and goddess pairs, each of which governed an aspect of life. Thegods were Amon and Amaunet, God and Goddess of Air; Nun andNaunet, God and Goddess of Water; Huh and Hauhet, God and Goddessof Unendingness and Kuk and Kauket, God and Goddess of Darkness.Together, the gods and goddesses were believed to represent the heart ofThoth, the God of All Knowledge. Amon would be singled out as partic-ularly important during the Middle and New Kingdoms and be associatedwith the earlier god, Ra.

The Eannead is older than the Ogdoad and is populated by someof ancient Egypt’s better known gods. Heliopolis was the center ofOgdoad worship. Ra-Atum, the sun god, is the father of the group ofgods. His children, to whom he gave birth singlehandedly, were Shu, theGod of Air, and Tefnut, the Goddess of World Order. Their children wereIsis, Osiris, Nephthys and Seth. Isis and Osiris wed and gave birth toHorus. Ra was eventually thought of separately from Atum and was theprimary god throughout the Old Kingdom. Horus was the god of thepharaohs and very closely associated with Ra. Ra, in the morning, wasrepresented as a falcon, and many believed this falcon to be Horus.


decline of the Middle Kingdom. Similar to the end of the Old Kingdom,the last pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty had an exceptionally long reign.When he died, confusion arose over who was the proper successor. A cli-mate change again compounded the situation. The Nile’s floods wereexceptionally high and took longer to recede, shortening the growing sea-son.

The situation was not as dire as at the end of the Old Kingdom,but the agricultural difficulties nevertheless weakened the pharaohs’power. The Thirteenth Dynasty, whose pharaohs had moved the capitalback to Men-nefer (Memphis), was characterized by dozens of pharaohswith extremely short reigns, indicating the turmoil in the highest govern-ment posts. Viziers proved to be more lasting than the pharaohs of theThirteenth Dynasty, and several served for more than one pharaoh andhelped keep the country together.

Without a strong leader, Egypt inevitably fractured into pieces.A new line of pharaohs established themselves at Xois, located in thewestern portion of the Nile Delta. The pharaohs at Xois ruled at the sametime as the pharaohs of the Thirteenth Dynasty.

With this backdrop, the Middle Kingdom closed, and the countryagain divided into Upper and Lower Kingdoms.

Second Intermediate Period15th-18th Dynasties

1650-1550 BCThroughout the Middle Kingdom, immigration increased.

People from Asia, particularly the Hyksos, crossed the borders into Egyptand offered their services, often as indentured servants. As time passed,


he turned southward to reclaim parts of Nubia. He re-established thecapital at Waset (Thebes) and restored the fort in Nubia at Buhen. Withthe backing of his military, Ahmose also stripped local nomarchs of mostof their power, resigning them to mayoralities of cities and villages.Ahmose’s military activity set the tone for much of the New Kingdom.Egypt became an imperial force, expanding its borders well into Asia.

This early portion of the Eighteenth Dynasty was not withoutsome internal turmoil. Queen Hatshepsut, Thutmose III’s mother,usurped the throne while he has young. She ruled Egypt, assuming all thetrappings of a pharaoh, including the ceremonial false beard. Hatshepsutmaintained the empire and built many temples and monuments, mostnotably her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri.

Later in the Eighteenth Dynasty, Egypt underwent a radicalchange. When Amenhotep IV rose to the throne, he changed his nameto Akhenaten and introduced monotheism into Egypt. He worshiped thegod Aten, who was the God of the Sun’s Disk, and established a new capi-tal named Akhetaten. Akhenaten closed down temples to all other godsand confiscated any goods that the temples had on site. He also haltedmilitary expeditions to other lands, and much of Egypt’s empire was lostduring his reign.

While Egypt suffered politically under Akhenaten’s rule, the artsblossomed. A new form of portraiture was used in which people, evenPharaoh himself, were portrayed more realistically with physical deformi-ties in full view.

When Akhenaten died, the old theological system was restoredand the capital moved back to Waset (Thebes). After the brief rule ofseveral pharaohs (including Tut-ankh-amun), Horemhab, a general in theEgyptian army, assumed the throne. Horemhab restored order withinEgypt’s borders and set to work reclaiming Egypt’s lost land and, prior tohis death, named Ramesses I heir to the throne.

The Ramesside period began with Horemhab’s death. Ramesses I


Lower Egypt continued to have healthy trade relations underHyksos rule. Trade routes to Sinai and Palestine remained open, and theHyksos formed a new trade partnership with the Kush, who had reclaimedland as far north as the first cataract at Abu (Elephantine). The Kush werea distinct nation and culture and established a fine capital at Kerma.

Relations between Upper and Lower Egypt remained friendlyenough until Apophis III, an Hyksos ruler, issued an insult to Ta’o II, theleader of Waset (Thebes). In retaliation, Ta’o II invaded the Hyksos’ terri-tory and, with the help of Nubian mercenaries, began a war. Ta’o II diedin battle, but his son Kamose continued the fight. When he was slain, hisbrother Ahmose I finished the war, driving the Hyksos back to Asia andonce again unifying Egypt under one ruler.

The brief period of Hyksos rule had lasting effects on Egyptianculture. The Hyksos introduced bronze, a much sturdier and versatilemetal than copper. This new metal was used in weapons such as daggersand swords. The Hyksos’ most famous contribution to Egyptian militarytechnology was the horse-drawn war chariot.

The Hyksos made other contributions as well. They are creditedwith introducing the upright loom which improved the textile industry;musical instruments such as the lyre, oboe and tambourine; and newfoods such as the pomegranate and the olive.

New Kingdom18th-20th Dynasties

1550-1064 BCAhmose began the New Kingdom much as he ended the Second

Intermediate Period: with warfare. After forcing the Hyksos out of Egypt,


Pharaohs commissioned huge temples throughout Egypt. Sculpture, too,was done on a large scale, and several famous examples remain. TheColossi of Memnon, for example, are statues of Amenhotep III that stand65 feet high.

Art continued to thrive, and artisans began working with faience,a type of glass. They cast the glass to make containers, and used faiencefor inlays.

After the New KingdomThe New Kingdom drew to a close at the end of the Twentieth

Dynasty. The balance of political power in Asia shifted, and Egypt,plagued with a series of weak pharaohs after Ramesses III, lost much of itsland. Libyans to Egypt’s west were encroaching more on Egypt’s territory,in search of fertile land. Internally, priests of Amun gained more powerand eventually usurped the throne.

After tempestuous rule by Libyans and Kushites, the Assyriansinvaded Egypt and assumed control. Unlike previous foreign invaders, theAssyrians did not assume the title of pharaoh and considered Egypt to bea province in their empire. The Assyrians, however, were not in power forlong. With continued unrest in Asia, Egypt passed through many handsand was led at various times by Babylonians and Persians. An Egyptian,Nectanebo, would briefly rule Egypt, but the country would again fallunder foreign leadership.

Alexander the Great seized Egypt in 332 BC, and after his deathPtolemy rose to power. Greeks continued to rule Egypt until the Romanscame to power in 30 BC.


moved Egypt’s capital from Thebes to a new city, Per-Ramesses, nearRowarty (Avaris). Ramesses I’s grandson, the familiar Ramesses II (knownas “the Great”), conquered new lands and signed new treaties with Asianpowers. He also commissioned a large number of construction projects,and his likeness was found in a variety of monuments throughout Egypt.

Ramesses II’s military exploits culminated in the Battle of Qadesh,the account of which is the first known detailed report of a major combatengagement. The battle was fought against the Hittites, and it was thefirst time that Egypt faced an enemy whose power rivaled its own. TheBattle of Qadesh could have been disastrous for the Egyptian army.Outnumbered and outmaneuvered, Ramesses II kept his troops’ moralehigh by aggressively charging the enemy. The Egyptian army was spared acrushing defeat when reinforcements arrived. The two sides fought to adraw, and a treaty was drawn up dividing the contested land. Portions ofboth copies of the treaty survive today.

With New Kingdom imperialism, Egyptians fought many ene-mies, both known and unknown. In addition to the Hittites, the Mitanniand the Babylonians each rivaled Egypt for control of western Asia. TheSea Peoples, who seemed to have been an amalgamation of several cul-tures including the Philistines and Minoans, also entered the fray.

While pharaohs led military expeditions, culture at home contin-ued to thrive. The New Kingdom witnessed another shift in burial cus-toms. Because they were plagued by continuous robberies, pyramids asgraves were abandoned by pharaohs. Instead, they favored tombs cut intothe cliffs of the Valley of the Kings. The Valley of the Kings and the near-by Valley of the Queens, which housed the pharaohs’ wives and children,were well hidden from would-be grave robbers. To support the continualconstruction at the valleys, the village of Deir el-Medina was founded,which housed the craftsmen and laborers who worked in the Valley of theKings. Much of what we know about the life of the ancient Egyptiancommoner comes from artifacts recovered from Deir el-Medina.

The New Kingdom was also marked by a building boom.


faience: a glass-like substance developed by the ancient Egyptians. Faiencewas used to make some of the most beautiful containers and jewelry.

Fayuum: a region of Egypt that features lakes and tributaries to the Nile.The region was extremely fertile.

Heb Sed: a festival that took place during the 30th year of a pharaoh’sreign and every three years thereafter. The festival was designed to reaf-firm the pharaoh’s ability to rule and featured a ritual run.

Hieratic: a much less complex form of hieroglyphs used for every daywriting.

Hittites: one of Egypt’s rivals, the Hittites lived in Asia Minor. They werefrequent enemies of Egypt, but under Ramesses II rule, Egypt formed analliance with them.

Hyksos: sometimes called the Asiatics, the Hyksos ruled Lower Egypt forabout 100 years during the Second Intermediate Period. During theirrule, they introduced new musical instruments and new military accouter-ments, including the horse-drawn chariot.

inundation: the annual flood of the Nile that refertilized the farmland inits floodplain. Peasants were generally called to work on state projectsduring the inundation.

Kemet: the ancient Egyptian name for their country; the term means“black land.”

Kohl: Egyptian eye makeup that helped protect the eyes from the sun’sglare. Kohl is still used today.

Kush: a region of southern Nubia. The Kush had their own distinct cul-ture and established their capital at Kerma. Egypt engaged in trade withthe Kush and frequently invaded their territory.


GlossarySome words commonly used when discussing ancient Egypt may be a lit-tle unfamiliar. Herewith, a handy glossary:

Amon: the primary deity of the Middle and New Kingdoms. He wasoriginally the God of the Air, but evolved to assume some of the qualitiesof Ra, the sun god. Amon is also sometimes spelled Amun or Amen.

Akhet: one of the three Egyptian seasons, the Nile’s inundation occurredduring Akhet.

Ankh: the ancient Egyptian word for life represented by a hieroglyph inthe shape of a cross with a loop at the top. When held by deities, thesymbol means eternity.

Bedouin: any of a number of nomadic tribes from Sinai that frequentlycame into contact with Egyptian military.

Canopic Jars: canopic jars held the internal organs of mummified corpses.The jars were entombed with the corpse.

Cartouche: an ellipse that surrounds the name of a royal.

cataracts: the name for the rocky, white water sections of the Nile.Cataracts were important geographical references and frequently were usedas a border to divide nations.

corvee: the right of pharaoh to conscript labor for state construction pro-jects.

crook and flail: the symbols of the pharaoh. The crook is associated withthe shepherd’s staff, and the flail was used to gather resins.

deshret: the Egyptian word for desert, translated as “red land.”


or on a construction project during the afterlife.

Shaduf: a water lift used to fill irrigation canals. The shaduf had a bucketon one end and a weight on the other. A peasant would push down onthe bucket end, and the counterbalancing weight would help him lift thewater out of the river. Some scholars believe that giant shadufs were usedto hoist pyramid blocks into place.

Shemu: the Egyptian season of the harvest.

Sidelock of Youth: the hair style that denoted childhood. The head wouldbe shaved except for a single lock of hair on the side of the head. Once achild reached maturity, the lock was shaved off.

Stela: a tablet inscribed with hieroglyphics or reliefs.

Wadi: an Arabic word meaning dry river bed, wadis were often used asroads and were the sites of rich mineral deposits.


mastaba: an arabic word for bench, mastabas are oblong-shaped tombsused particularly during pre-Dynastic times and the Old Kingdom.Pyramids are believed to have evolved from mastabas.

natron: a type of salt found in the Nile Delta and used during theembalming process to dry the corpse.

Nilometer: a device, usually a pillar of stone or a staircase descending intothe river, used to measure the height of the Nile. Nilometers were usedto predict the height of the annual inundation.

Nine Bows: a term used first in pre-Dynastic times to refer to conqueredenemies. The term was used throughout ancient Egyptian history to referto enemies of the nation. Traditionally, there were always nine enemiesof Egypt, although specific enemies changed over time.

Nome: a province of Egypt led by a Nomarch.

Nubia: the land just south of the first cataract, Nubia’s natural resourceswere very rich. Egypt frequently invaded Nubia, and Nubians were valuedas soldiers and police.

Ostraca: shards of stone or pottery that were used to write down notes.Scribes learning their art usually practiced on ostraca.

Proyet: the season of the Egyptian year in which crops were sown.

Pwenet (Punt): a famed land, probably located on the coast of Somalia,Pwenet (Punt) was revered for its fine incense and myrrh. The Egyptiansfrequently sent trading expeditions there.

Sea People: a group of different Aegean cultures, most likely thePhilistines and Minoans, that attacked Egypt during the New Kingdom.

Shabti: a common grave good, shabtis were small statues that served assubstitutes in the event that the pharaohs were called to work in the fields

263Index262 Index

Commodity Pricing, 95

Companies, see FortCompany Fighting Ability, 172Company Morale, 173Company Experience, 172-173Constables, 51, 52, 97, 99-100, 110Construction Foreman, 131, 138, 142, 143, 148, 203Construction Guilds, 25, 129, 130 138, 141

Bricklayers' Guild, 130, 134, 141Carpenters' Guild, 73, 130, 138, 139, 140-141, 143,145, 147Stonemasons' Guild 130, 139, 141, 145

Control Panel, 21, 23-27, 38, 40, 60, 75, 82, 84, 87, 92, 119, 136, 151, 159, 165, 211

Crew Condition, 181-82Culture Rating, 53, 191-192, 201, 202 Custom Missions, 21

Dance School, 161Debt, 19, 103, 105-107, 109, 121, 192, 194Defensive Structures 27, 184-185, 209Dentist, 26, 53, 151, 152, 207Desirability, 41, 42-43, 113, 114, 119, 152, 161, 171, 208 Disease, 59, 152, 153-154, 155, 205, 206Dock, 25, 94Drinking Water, 35, 36, 43-44, 151, 152

Enemies, 28, 29, 100, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179,180, 181, 183, 184, 185-6, 187, 188, 194, 210

Entertainment, 26, 42, 54, 59-63, 112, 191, 202, 207, 209

Training Centers, 161Venues, 54, 112, 159-160Exporting, 54, 73, 91, 92-94, 105, 200

Academy, 27, 111, 169, 170-171, 172Altars, 120, 122-124Apothecary, 26, 151, 154, 201 Army, 27, 100, 169-170, 182, 184, 187 (see also forts)

Bandstand, 26, 159, 161Bazaar, 25, 50, 52, 83, 85-87, 88-90, 110, 111, 199,Bazaar Access Overlay, 208Bazaar Special Orders, 87Beautification, 26, 113-114Gardens, 113, 169Plazas, 40, 113-114Statues, 114Booth, 26, 159Brewery, 75-76Bricks, 65, 72, 74, 76, 130, 131, 132, 134, 138, 141, 147Brickworks, 76, 122, 147Bricklayer, 51, 52, 131, 134, 147, 216 (see also

Construction Guilds, Bricklayers' Guild)

Bridge, 110, 111Burial Provisions, 131, 146, 148, 195, 203

Carpenters, 51, 52, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147 (see also Construction Guilds: Carpenters' Guild).

Cattle Ranch, 25, 67, 72, 81Chariot Maker, 27, 73, 75, 77, 170, 177Chariots, 73, 77, 170, 171, 176-177

City Health, 116, 118, 124, 151-155, 201, 207, 205City Sentiment, 47-49, 53, 99-100, 104, 105, 124,

203City Treasury, 92, 99, 103, 105, 107, 109, 112, 192,

194Clay Pit, 74, 122Clearing Land, 25, 38

265Index264 Index

Irrigation, 25, 36, 60, 63-65, 72

Jeweler, 76, 122Juggler School, 161Juggler, 159, 202

Keyboard Controls, 28-31Kingdom Rating, 19, 107, 108, 121, 192, 194Kingdom Road, 37, 41Kingdom Service, 187, 188, 190, 198

LaborEmployment, 40, 47, 50, 54, 55-57, 69, 97, 194, 197Finding Workers, 49-50Managing Labor, 55-56Shortages 54-55, 56, 193, 197

Library 26, 76, 166Local Deities, 118-119Losing the game, 19Luxury goods, 32, 42, 76, 95

Magistrates, 52, 97-99 Malaria, 44, 151, 152, 154, 155, 205, 207Mansions, 107, 204Mastabas, 132-134Mausoleums, 145Messages, 27, 211Mission Briefings, 17, 191Missions, 17, 18, 19-20, 24, 27, 107, 129, 192, 204,

211Monument Rating, 194-195

Nile, 36, 37, 59-60, 64, 65, 94, 110, 117, 120, 136, 137,165, 177, 214

Nilometer, 59-60, 203

Farming, 25, 42, 58-65, 72, 209Farm, Floodplain, 32, 60-62, 63, 64, 130-131Farm, Meadow, 60, 62-63, 64Fertility, 36, 60, 61, 63-65

Ferry Landing, 111-112 Festival Squares, 26, 124-125 Festivals, 124-126, 203Firehouse, 26, 101, 204Food 25, 40, 42, 47, 49, 54, 59, 60, 64, 65-67, 72,

75, 81-81, 95, 99, 101, 113, 120, 124, 152, 153, 173,192, 193, 197, 198, 200, 209

Forts,Infantry, 77, 170, 171, 174-175, 177Archer 170, 171, 175Charioteer 77, 95, 170, 171, 175, 176, 177

Gatehouse, 30, 185Gods

Bast, 118, 124Osiris, 117, 120-121Ptah, 117, 122-123Ra, 117, 121-122Seth, 118, 123-124

Granary, 25, 56, 81-84, 86, 88, 89, 100-101, 200, 208

Granary Special Orders, 82-84

Housing, 25, 32, 35, 35, 38-39, 42, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,69, 88, 89, 90, 101, 110, 111, 155, 194, 200Evolution, 41, 42, 43, 53, 90Infected 155-156

Hull Strength 181, 84Hunting Lodge 25, 65-66, 67

Importing 92-93, 147, 200Inundation, 59, 60, 63

267Index266 Index

Overview Map, 24, 209, 210

Palaces, 26, 32, 71, 74, 101-2, 103, 104, 105, 204

Papyrus, 36, 72, 76, 123, 165, 166Patron Gods, 32, 118, 202Pavilion, 26, 161People

Destination Walkers, 50-51, 110, 111, 112, 185Peasants, 32, 62, 129, 130, 131, 134, 136, 137, 138,

139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 147Roaming Walkers, 51, 99, 101, 109, 110 185Scribes, 53, 57, 125, 165, 193

Physician, 26, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 191, 201, 205, 207Plague, 152, 155Police Station, 26, 97, 205, 209Pottery, 42, 74, 75-76, 85Prosperity, 41, 88, 191, 192-4Pyramid Construction, 134-139Pyramid Types 139

Ramming, 180Raw Materials 69

Clay, 72, 74, 75, 76Copper, 70-71, 77, 122, 177Gemstone, 37, 71, 76, 122Gold, 32, 70-71, 74, 102, 122Reeds, 36, 72-3, 78, 120, 165Stone

Granite, 69, 143Limestone, 69, 138, 139, 140, 141Plain stone, 69, 138, 139, 140, 141Sandstone, 69, 143, 144, 145Wood, 36, 38, 72-74, 77, 89, 130, 138, 139,

141, 142, 143, 145

Obelisks, 140, 143, 144Overlays

Administration Overlay, 207Bazaar access, 208Desirability, 208Security, 208Tax income, 208 Education, 207Entertainment, 207Health, 154, 205, 207Problems, 206Risks, 204-206Crime, 28, 99, 204Damage, 29, 101, 206Disease, 154, 205Fire, 29, 101, 204Malaria, 205Water, 204

OverseersChief Overseer, 31, 49, 59-60, 203Overseer of Commerce, 31, 55, 56, 92-93, 94, 95,

199Overseer of Diversions, 31, 162, 202Overseer of Learning, 31, 201Overseer of Monuments, 31, 129, 131, 146, 148,

203Overseer of Public Health, 31, 201Overseer of the Granaries, 31, 49, 200Overseer of the Military, 30, 172, 173, 181, 187,

198Overseer of the Temples, 119, 125, 202Overseer of the Treasury, 31, 103, 105, 195, 202Overseer of the Workers, 30, 55, 197-198Political Overseer, 31, 108, 109, 189, 198Ratings Overseer, 31, 191, 199

269268 Index

Recruiter, 27, 77, 112, 169-170, 171, 172, 177, 185, 209Roadblocks, 52, 109, 185

Salary, 107, 108, 109, 198Scoring, 19Scribal Schools, 26, 76, 165-6, 201, 207 Senet House, 26, 57, 125, 165, 193 Setting a Difficulty Level, 17-18, 19, 202Ship Damage and Hull Strength, 181Shipwright, 30, 66, 73, 77, 111, 122, 177, 178, 180,

183-184Shrine, 119Special Orders, 85Spending Your Family Savings, 108Sphinxes, 142Storage Yards, 25, 56, 71, 74, 75, 76, 78, 81, 83, 84-

85, 86, 88, 89, 95, 100, 125, 131, 134, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 165, 198, 199, 200, 208

Sun Temples, 143

Tax Collector, 26, 62, 53, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 208

Tax Rate, 47, 102, 103-104, 202Temples Complexes, 119-124Tower 185Trade Route 91 Transport Ship, 182

Water Lifts 25, 63-65Water Supplies and Wells: See Drinking Water

270

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