Pharaohs, Pyramids, and Pharaohs, Pyramids, and PapyrusPapyrus

Lesson 9Lesson 9

Old Kingdom (3100-2150 B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100-2150 B.C.)

Egypt divided into 2 kingdoms: Egypt divided into 2 kingdoms: – Lower Kingdom: area around deltaLower Kingdom: area around delta– Upper Kingdom: Southern area around NileUpper Kingdom: Southern area around Nile

Narmer: ruler of Hierankonopolis Narmer: ruler of Hierankonopolis conquered all villages and cities along conquered all villages and cities along Nile; name means “catfish”;Nile; name means “catfish”;– First pharaoh (king) of united Egypt First pharaoh (king) of united Egypt

Nile flows south to northNile flows south to north

MummiesMummies

Egyptians believed in afterlifeEgyptians believed in afterlifeEmbalmer: person paid to preserve dead Embalmer: person paid to preserve dead bodiesbodies– Dressed like embalming god, AnubisDressed like embalming god, Anubis

Mummies: bodies preserved by being Mummies: bodies preserved by being cleaned out and wrapped in linen cleaned out and wrapped in linen bandagesbandagesNatron: salt solution used to preserve Natron: salt solution used to preserve bodiesbodies

Pharaohs Pharaohs

Egyptians believed pharaohs were godsEgyptians believed pharaohs were gods

Pha.’s had large burial chambers built and Pha.’s had large burial chambers built and filled with food, clothing, furniture, and filled with food, clothing, furniture, and other things for the afterlifeother things for the afterlife

Khufu: Pha. who had 3 great pyramids Khufu: Pha. who had 3 great pyramids built in Giza along with the Sphinxbuilt in Giza along with the Sphinx

Pyramids and SphinxPyramids and Sphinx

Great Pyramid: in Giza; built by Khufu; Great Pyramid: in Giza; built by Khufu; largest of 3 pyramids; built around 2500 largest of 3 pyramids; built around 2500 B.C.B.C.

Sphinx: large stone statue near pyramids; Sphinx: large stone statue near pyramids; lion’s body and human head (looked like lion’s body and human head (looked like Khufu)Khufu)

More About EgyptMore About Egypt

Memphis and Thebes: cities with beautiful Memphis and Thebes: cities with beautiful palaces, storehouses, and templespalaces, storehouses, and temples

Canals helped control floodwaters from Canals helped control floodwaters from NileNile

Colorful paintings in pyramids tell us about Colorful paintings in pyramids tell us about Egyptian lifeEgyptian life

PapyrusPapyrus

Papyrus: paper made from stalk of Papyrus: paper made from stalk of papyrus plant (reed that grows along Nile)papyrus plant (reed that grows along Nile)– Paper was light and thin and stored easilyPaper was light and thin and stored easily– Used to keep records, write letters, and tell Used to keep records, write letters, and tell

storiesstories