Microbiology: PharmacologyPenicillin G & V:Name drugs and route of administration. 1. Penicillin G: IV and IM

2. Penicillin V: Oral

What kind of drugs? Prototype B-lactam antibioticsMoA? 1. Bind penicillin binding protein

(transpeptidase).2. Block transpeptidase cross linking of

peptidoglyn in cell wall.3. Activate autolytic enzymes.

What does it cover: 1. Mostly used for gram +: S. Pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Actinomyces

2. Gram negative cocci: N. Meningitides3. Spirochetes: T. Pallidum

Bactericidal? YesAgainst what? Gram positive cocci, gram positive rods, gram

negative cocci, and spirochetes.Penicillinase sensitive? YesToxicity? Hemolytic anemia, hypersensitivity reactionsMechanism of resistence? Penicillinase in bacteria (a type of B-

lactamase) cleaves B-lactam ring.Aminopenicillin: Name the drugs. Amoxicillin and Ampicillinpenicillinase sensitive? YesMoA? Same as penicillin but wider spectrum:

1. Bind penicillin binding protein (transpeptidase).

2. Block transpeptidase cross linking of peptidoglyn in cell wall.

3. Activate autolytic enzymes.How to prevent B-lactamase? Combine with clavulanic acid to protectWhat does it cover? “HHELPSS kill Enterococci”: H. influenzae, H.

Pylori, E.Coli, Listeria, Proteus mirabilis, Samonella, Shigella, Enterococci

Which has greater oral bioavailability? AmoxicillinToxicity? Pseudomembranous colitis, hypersensitivity

rxn, rash.Mechanism of resistence? Penicillinase in bacteria (a type of B-

lactamase) cleaves B-lactam ring.

Atorvaquone:What is it Analog of ubiquinone (Co-Q10)What does it treat, prevent? 1. Mild PCP

2. Toxo3. Malaria (along with proguanil, drug is

called Malarone- fewer side effects and more expensive than mefloquine)

4. Babesia (with oral azithromycin)TMP-SMX is first line for PCP and Toxo, why use atorvaquone?

1. Patients who are allergic to sulfonamide

2. Pateints who have undergone bone marrow transplantation because it does not cause myelosuprression