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Vol-3, Issue-4, Suppl-1, Nov 2012 ISSN: 0976-7908 Dumasiya et al
www.pharmasm.com IC Value – 4.01 2421
PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR
AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-
HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM AND
ASPIRIN IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM
Minaxi R. Dumasiya*, Kashyap K. Bhatt, Brijesh Patel, Nirav K. Joshi
Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, Beyond GIDC, P.B. No. 53, Vitthal Udyognagar- 388 121, Gujarat, India
ABSTRACT An isocratic stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of rosuvastatin calcium and aspirin in combined dosage form. A Kromasil C8, 5 µm column with mobile phase containing, acetonitrile: methanol: water (25:30:45, v/v/v), (pH 3) was used. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and effluents were monitored at 243 nm. The retention times of aspirin and rosuvastatin calcium were 2.6 min and 5.7 min, respectively. The linearity for rosuvastatin calcium and aspirin were in the range of 0.2 - 10 µg/ ml and 1.5 - 75 µg/ ml, respectively. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. The method was successfully applied to the estimation of aspirin and rosuvastatin calcium in combined dosage form. Keywords: Aspirin; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Reversed phase liquid chromatography; Validation INTRODUCTION
Rosuvastatin calcium (ROS) is chemically (E)-(3R,5S)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-
isopropyl 2{methyl (methylsulphonyl amino)] pyrimidin-5-yl} -3,5-dihydroxyhepten-6-
oic acid calcium. It is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase (statins class).
Used in hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia and in primary prevention of cardiovascular
disease. It is official in IP.[1]
Aspirin (ASP) is chemically 2-acetoxybenzoic acid. Aspirin, It is non-selective
cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor used as an antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory. It is
official in IP, BP and USP.
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(a) (b)
Figure 1 Structure of rosuvastatin calcium (a) and aspirin (b)
These drugs are now a day’s available in combination therapy. The rationale
behind use of this drug combination is for the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with
arthersclerotic arterial disease with risk of Myocardial infarction, stroke or peripheral
vascular disease.
Literature survey revealed various spectrophotometric and chromatographic
methods have been reported for estimation of ROS and ASP individually or in
combination with other drug. Different methods for estimation of rosuvastatin calcium in
single and in combination with other drugs are as mentioned. For UV
spectrophotometric[2-4], HPLC[5-9] and HPTLC[10-11]. Different methods for estimation of
aspirin in single and in combination with other drugs are as mentioned. For UV
spectrophotometric[12], HPLC[13-16] and HPTLC[17]. To the best of our knowledge, there is
no stability indicating HPLC method reported for analysis of rosuvastatin calcium and
aspirin in pharmaceutical formulations. Hence the aim of present study is to establish
accurate and sensitive method and, after validation in accordance with International
Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, to use the method for analysis of the
drug content of both in capsule dosage form.
EXPERIMENTAL
Apparatus
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The liquid chromatographic system consist of 2690, Waters equipped with a 2487, UV
detector, quaternary gradient pump and automated injector. The analytes were monitored
at 243 nm. Chromatographic analysis was performed on Kromasil C8 column having 125
mm× 4.6 mm i.d. and 5 μm particle size. All the drugs and chemicals were weighed on
Shimadzu electronic balance.
Reagents and Materials
Analytically pure Rosuvastatin Calcium and Aspirin were obtained as gift samples from
Torrent Research Center, Ahmadabad, India and Mercury Laboratories Limited,
Vadodara, India, respectively. HPLC grade acetonitrile, methanol and water were
obtained from E. Merck Ltd., Mumbai, India. Capsule formulation (UNISTAR*,
Unichem Laboratories Ltd) containing labeled amount of 10 mg of Rosuvastatin Calcium
and 75 mg of Aspirin was used for the study.
Chromatographic Conditions
The Kromasil C8 column equilibrated with mobile phase acetonitrile: methanol: water
(25:30:45, v/v/v) was used. The flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min, eluent were
monitored with UV detector at 243 nm, and the injection volume was 20 μL. Total run
time was kept 10 min.
Preparation of standard stock solutions
Standard ROS (10 mg) and ASP (75 mg) were accurately weighed and transferred to
separate 25 ml volumetric flasks and dissolved in few ml of diluent(methanol:
acetonitrile, 50:50 v/v). Volumes were made up to the mark with diluent to yield a
solution containing 400 µg/ml of ROS and 3000 µg/ml ASP.
Degradation/ Stability studies
This is one type of accelerated stability studies that helps us determining the fate of the
drug that is likely to happen after long time storage, within a very short time as compare
to the real time or long term stability testing.
The various degradation pathways studied are acid hydrolysis, basic hydrolysis, thermal
degradation and oxidative degradation
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Acidic degradation:
Procedure:
To the different 25 ml volumetric flasks, a 1 ml stock solution of each ROS and ASP was
taken and in third volumetric flask stock solution of formulation (1 ml) solution was
taken.
Each flask was subjected to 5 ml of 0.01 N HCl for 1 hr at 60-70 ºC in water bath. After
exposure to the degradation condition each solution of standards and formulation was
cooled and neutralized using drop wise addition of 5 ml of 0.01 N NaOH. Add 15 ml of
diluent to it, and sonicate the solution for about 10 mins with occasional shaking. Make
the volume up to mark with diluent and mix. Filter the solution. Appropriate aliquots
were taken from the above solutions and diluted with mobile phase to obtain final
concentration of 8 µg/ml ROS and 60 µg/ml of ASP. Each solution was analyzed by the
proposed method and Chromatogram recorded.
Alkali degradation:
Procedure:
To the different 25 ml volumetric flasks, a 1 ml stock solution of each ROS and ASP was
taken and in third volumetric flask stock solution of formulation (1 ml) solution was
taken. Each flask was subjected to 5 ml of 0.01 N NaOH for 1 hr at 60-70 ºC in water
bath. After exposure to the degradation condition each solution of standards and
formulation was cooled and neutralized using drop wise addition of 5 ml of 0.01 N HCl.
Add 15 ml of diluent to it, and sonicate the solution for about 10 mins with occasional
shaking. Make the volume up to mark with diluent and mix. Filter the solution.
Appropriate aliquots were taken from the above solutions and diluted with mobile phase
to obtain final concentration of 8 µg/ml ROS and 60 µg/ml of ASP. Each solution was
analyzed by the proposed method and Chromatogram recorded.
Peroxide degradation:
Procedure:
To the different 25 ml volumetric flasks, a 1 ml stock solution of each ROS and ASP was
taken and in third volumetric flask stock solution of formulation (1 ml) solution was
taken.
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Each flask was subjected to 5 ml of 3 % H2O2for 1 hr at 60-70 ºC in water bath. After
exposure to the degradation condition each solution of standards and formulation was
cooled. Add 15 ml of diluent to it, and sonicate the solution for about 10 mins with
occasional shaking. Make the volume up to mark with diluent and mix. Filter the
solution. Appropriate aliquots were taken from the above solutions and diluted with
mobile phase to obtain final concentration of 8 µg/ml ROS and 60 µg/ml of ASP. Each
solution was analyzed by the proposed method and Chromatogram recorded.
Thermal degradation:
Procedure:
Analytically pure samples of ROS, ASP and formulation were exposed in oven at 105oC
for 1 h. The solids were allowed to cool and 25 mg each of ROS and ASP were weighed,
transferred to two separate volumetric flasks (25 ml) and dissolved in few ml of diluent.
In similar way formulation was also treated. Add 20 ml of diluent to it, and sonicate the
solution for about 10 mins with occasional shaking. Make the volume up to the mark with
diluent and mix. Filter the solution. Appropriate aliquots were taken from the above
solutions and diluted with mobile phase to obtain final concentration of 8 µg/ml ROS and
60 µg/ml of ASP. Each solution was analyzed by the proposed method and
Chromatogram recorded.
Photo degradation:
Procedure:
Analytically pure samples of ROS, ASP and formulation were irradiated with a UV lamp
(254 nm) (Camag, Muttenz, Switzerland). 25 mg each of ROS and ASP were weighed,
transferred to two separate volumetric flasks (25 ml) and dissolved in few ml of diluent.
In similar way formulation was also treated. Add 20 ml of diluent to it, and sonicate the
solution for about 10 mins with occasional shaking. Make the volume up to the mark
with diluent and mix. Filter the solution. Appropriate aliquots were taken from the above
solutions and diluted with mobile phase to obtain final concentration of 8 µg/ml ROS and
60 µg/ml of ASP. Each solution was analyzed by the proposed method and
Chromatogram recorded.
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Figure 2 HPLC chromatogram of ROS (100µg/ml) and ASP (100µg/ml)
FORCED DEGRADATION STUDY
(a)
(b)
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(c)
Figure 3 Chromatograms of acid degraded ASP (a), ROS (b) and capsule sample solution (c)
(a)
(b)
ROS ASP
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(c)
Figure 4 Chromatograms of alkali degraded ASP (a), ROS (b) and capsule sample solution (c)
(a)
(b)
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(c)
Figure 5 Chromatograms of peroxide degraded ASP (a), ROS (b) and capsule sample solution (c)
(a)
(b)
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(c)
Figure 6 Chromatograms of thermal degraded ASP (a), ROS (b) and capsule sample solution (c)
(a)
(b)
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(c)
Figure 7 Chromatograms of photo degraded ASP (a), ROS (b) and capsule sample solution (c)
TABLE 1: % DEGRADATION UNDER STRESS CONDITION
Stress condition/ Duration
Degradation (%)
ROS (8 µg/ml)
ASP (60 µg/ml)
Acidic/0.01 N HCl/60-70˚C/1 hr 17.5 1.47 Basic/0.01 N NaOH/60-70˚C/1 hr 1.1 22.84 Oxidative/3 %/60-70˚C/1 hr 7.9 8.78 Dry heat/105˚C/1 hr 0.8 3.4 Photolytic /UV 254 nm/12 hr 4.4 2.3
Validation of the Developed Stability Indicating Rp-HPLC Method[18]
Linearity and Range
Linearity of the method was evaluated by constructing calibration curves at six
concentration levels over a range of 0.2–10 µg/ml and 1.5-75 µg /ml of ROS and ASP
respectively. The calibration curves were developed by plotting peak area versus
concentration (n = 6).
Accuracy
Accuracy is the closeness of the test results obtained by the method to the true value.
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The accuracy of the method was determined by calculating recoveries of ROS and ASP
by method of standard additions. Known amount of ROS (0, 2, 4, 6 µg mL-1) and ASP (0,
15, 30, 45 µg mL-1) were added to a pre quantified sample solution (containing ROS and
ASP in 4:30 µg/ ml proportion respectively) and analysed by proposed method. The
amount of ROS and ASP were estimated by measuring the peak areas and by fitting these
values to the straight-line equation of calibration curve.
Precision
Repeatability
Standard solutions of ROS and ASP (8 and 60 µg/ml respectively) were prepared,
analyzed by proposed method and chromatograms were recorded. Area of the same
concentration solution was measured six times and % RSD was calculated.
Intra and inter day precision
The intra-day and inter-day precision studies were carried out by estimating the
corresponding responses 6 times on the same day and on 6 different days for three
different concentrations of ROS (2, 6, 10 µg mL-1) and ASP (15, 45 75 µg mL-1), and the
results are reported in terms of relative standard deviation.
LOD AND LOQ
The limit of detection (LOD) is defined as the lowest concentration of an analyte that can
reliably be differentiated from background levels. Limit of quantification (LOQ) of an
individual analytical procedure is the lowest amount of analyte that can be quantitatively
determined with suitable precision and accuracy. LOD and LOQ were calculated using
following equation as per ICH guidelines.
LOD = 3.3 ×σ /S; LOQ = 10 ×σ /S; Where σ is the standard deviation of y-intercepts of
regression lines and S is the slope of the calibration curve.
Solution Stability Study
Stability of sample solutions were studied at 25 ± 2°C for 24 h.
Robustness
Robustness of the method was studied by deliberately changing the experimental
conditions like flow rate and percentage of organic phase and the effects on the results
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were examined. Robustness of the method was determined in triplicate at a concentration
level of 8µg /ml and 60 µg/ml of ROS and ASP respectively. The mean and % RSD of
peak areas were calculated.
System Suitability
A system suitability test was an integral part of the method development to verify that the
system is adequate for the analysis of ROS and ASP to be performed. System suitability
test of the chromatography system was performed before each validation run. Five
replicate injections of a system suitability standard and one injection of a check standard
were made. Area, retention time (RT), tailing factor, asymmetry factor, and theoretical
plates for the five suitability injections were determined.
TABLE 2: REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF CALIBRATION CURVE
Parameter ROS ASP
Linear Range(µg/ml) 0.2 – 10 1.5 – 75
Correlation coefficient (r) 0.999 0.999
Slope 52144 15372.4
Intercept 4557.4 14027
Standard deviation of slope 401.79 74.5104
Standard deviation of intercept 1278.35 1427.4
TABLE 3: SUMMARY OF VALIDATION PARAMETERS
Validation parameters ROS ASP
Linear range (µg/ml) 0.2 – 10 1.5 – 75
LOD (µg/ml) 0.04 0.08
LOQ (µg/ml) 0.15 0.27
Accuracy (%) 99.32 – 100.71 99.95 – 100.04 Precision ( % RSD )
Repeatability ( n = 6) 0.3048 0.8269
Intraday (n = 6) 0.62 – 1.05
0.55 – 0.96
Interday (n = 6) 0.75 – 1.11 0.57 – 1.02 RSD is relative standard deviation and ‘n’ is number of determinations
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TABLE 4: SYSTEM SUITABILITY TEST PARAMETER
Sr. No.
System Suitability Parameters
Proposed Method Range
ROS ASP
1 Retention times (RT) (min) 5.7 2.6 - 2 No. of Theoretical plates (N) 5754 4165 > 2000 3 Resolution (RS) 10.73 >2
4 Tailing factor (AS) 1.1 1.0 < 2
Analysis of Marketed Formulation
The contents of twenty capsules were accurately weighed and powdered in a mortar. An
amount equivalent to one capsule (Containing 10 mg of ROS and 75 mg of ASP) was
transferred in to 10 ml of volumetric flask containing few ml of mobile phase and
sonicated for 10 min. The flask was shaken and the solution was filtered through
Whatman filter paper and filter paper was wash with methanol twice and volume was
then made up to the mark with mobile phase. The sample solution thus prepared was
appropriately diluted with mobile phase to get the solution containing ROS and ASP in
6:45 µg/ ml proportion respectively. The solution was analyzed by proposed method and
peak areas were measured. The quantification was carried out by keeping these values to
the straight line equation of calibration curve.
TABLE 5: ASSAY RESULTS OF MARKETED DOSAGE FORM
Dosage forms
Actual concentration in Mg
Amount obtained in mg
% Assay ± % RSD (n = 5)
ROS ASP ROS ASP ROS ASP Capsule 6 45 5.95 44.99 99.32 ± 0.92 99.97 ± 0.89
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Optimization of mobile phase
The objective of the method development was to resolve chromatographic peaks for
active drug ingredients with less asymmetric factor.
The mobile phase acetonitrile: methanol: water (25:30:45, v/v/v), (pH 3) was found to be
satisfactory which gave two symmetric and well-resolved peaks for ROS and ASP. The
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retention time for ROS and ASP were 5.7 min and 2.6 min, respectively (Figure:-2). The
resolution between ASP and ROS was found to be 10.73, which indicates good
separation of both the compounds. The asymmetric factors for ROS and ASP were 1.1
and 1.0, respectively. The mobile phase flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min. Overlaid
UV spectra of both the drugs showed that ROS and ASP absorbed appreciably at 243 nm,
so detection was carried out at 243 nm.
Forced degradation study also has been done according to ICH guideline.
Following degradation studies were done:
Acid hydrolysis (figure:-3)
ROS showed extensive degradation in acidic hydrolytic conditions. ROS was found to be
unstable in acidic conditions, while ASP was found to be stable.
During the initial forced degradation experiments, it was observed that high degree of
degradation of ROS occurred on heating with 0.1 N HCL solution at 60 - 70˚ C for 1 hr.
Therefore, in later experiments, the acid hydrolysis of drug product in solution state was
conducted by heating with 0.01 N HCL solution at 60 - 70˚ C for 1 hr.
Base hydrolysis (figure:-4)
ASP showed extensive degradation in basic hydrolytic conditions. ASP was found to be
unstable in acidic conditions, while ROS was found to be stable.
During the initial forced degradation experiments, it was observed that complete
degradation of ASP occurred on heating with 0.1 N NaOH solution at 60 - 70˚ C for 1 hr.
Therefore, in later experiments, the acid hydrolysis of drug product in solution state was
conducted by heating with 0.01 N NaOH solution at 60 - 70˚ C for 1 hr.
Peroxide degradation (figure:-5)
Both drugs exhibited very low degree of degradation in oxidative conditions on heating
with 3 % v/v hydrogen peroxide solution in water at 60 - 70˚ C for 1 hr
Thermal degradation (figure:-6)
Both drugs were found to be relatively stable when the drug substances and drug product
were kept for thermal degradation in solid state at 105˚ C for 1 hr under dry heat.
Photo degradation study (figure:-7)
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Both drugs were found to be relatively stable to photolytic stress when the drug
substances and drug product in solid state, was irradiated for 12 hr at 254 nm in a cabinet
with a UV lamp.
Results and observations of these studies are shown in (Table: - 1).
Method validation
The calibration curve for ROS was found to be linear in the range of 0.2 - 10 µg/mL with
a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The calibration curve for ASP was found to be linear in
the range of 1.5 - 75 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The regression
analysis of calibration curves are reported in (Table:-2). Instrument precision was
determined by performing injection repeatability test and the RSD values for ROS and
ASP were found to be 0.3048 % and 0.8269 %, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day
precision studies were carried out and the results are reported in (Table:-3). The low RSD
values indicate that the method is precise.
The accuracy of the method was determined by calculating recoveries of ROS and ASP
by method of standard addition. The recoveries found to be 99.32%–100.71% and
99.95%-100.04% for ROS and ASP respectively (Table:-3). The high values indicate that
the method is accurate.
The detection limits for ROS and ASP were found to be 0.04 µg/mL and 0.08 µg/mL,
respectively, while quantitation limits were found to be 0.15 µg/mL and 0.27 µg/mL,
respectively. The above data shows that a nano gram quantity of both the drugs can be
accurately and precisely determined. Robustness study was performed by deliberately
changing the experimental conditions like flow rate from 1 ml/min to 0.9 ml/min and 1.1
ml/min. The composition of mobile phase was changed varying the proportion of
methanol by 5 %. In both the conditions the recovery of both the drugs was determined
and the RSD was found to be less than 2%.
System suitability test was carried out and the results are summarized in (Table:-4).
Stability of standard and sample solution of ROS and ASP were evaluated at room
temperature for 24 hr.
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Analysis of marketed formulations
The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ROS and ASP in
their combined dosage form. The % recovery was found to be 99.32 ± 0.92 and 99.97 ±
0.89 respectively, for ROS and ASP (Table:-5) which were comparable with the
corresponding labeled amounts.
CONCLUSION
Proposed study describes stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the estimation of
ROS and ASP combination in mixture. The method was validated and found to be
simple, sensitive, accurate and precise. The method was successfully used for
determination of drugs in their pharmaceutical formulation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are thankful to Mercury pharmaceuticals Ltd., Baroda and Torrent Research
Center, Ahmadabad, India for providing gift sample of ASP and ROS respectively. The
authors are very thankful to Norris Medicines Ltd, Ankleshwar, India for providing
necessary facilities to carry out research work.
REFERENCES
1. Indian Pharmacopoeia 2007, Published by: The Indian Pharmacopoeia
Commission, Ghaziabad. 2007; 2 and 3: 122 and 1062-1064.
2. Pandya CB, Channabasavaraj KP and Shridhara HS: Simultaneous Estimation of
Rosuvastatin Calcium and Ezetimibe in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form by
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For Correspondence: Minaxi R. Dumasiya Email: [email protected]