pharmaceutical informatics and computer-aided drug discovery sangtae kim executive director,...
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Pharmaceutical Informatics and Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Sangtae Kim Executive Director, Morgridge Institute for Research CDS&E Distinguished Seminar Series at Rutgers – October, 10, 2011. Twin institutes under one roof on the UW-Madison campus. Vision Inspired by Wisconsin Idea. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Pharmaceutical Informatics and Computer-AidedDrug Discovery
Sangtae KimExecutive Director, Morgridge Institute for Research
CDS&E Distinguished Seminar Series at Rutgers – October, 10, 2011
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Twin institutes under one roof on the UW-Madison campus
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Vision Inspired by Wisconsin IdeaStrengthen Wisconsin as world class center for research and
commercialization to improve economy and lives of citizens.
CollaborationSpark research collaborations across the sciences that accelerate breakthrough discoveries to improve human health
InteractionFoster interaction between public and private research that breaks downbarriers between researchers, labs &scientific disciplines
CommunityDevelop vibrant public space on campus that builds community and engages the public in the sciences and humanities
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At center of campus science sites
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IP PortfoliosUniversity
HealthcareDelivery
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IP PortfoliosUniversity
HealthcareDelivery
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OutlineThe Priorities for the Pharma-Informatics Department
• Create an information highway from bio- discovery to delivery, from the promise of genomics to the fruits of personalized medicine (population segmentation).
• Systems critique of the R&D Pipeline.• Focus research resources on new and
better methods at the bottlenecks in the discovery and development of new drugs, e.g., lead optimization.
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Why pharmaceutical informatics?
Value(log scale)
$
$1 per mg.
$100 per kg.
104
Pharmaceutical Informatics
Phase II clinical trials
Informatics’ new frontier
Pharma/Biotech R&D Timeline
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CDS&E: Enabling Role of Datain Computer-Aided Drug Design
• Evolution of two distinct branches of computational biology• Molecule wriggling (solving differential equations of
biochemical physics)• Data miners (informatics)
• New generation trained to do both• Limitations of each branch• Example:
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Protein Kinases: Major Targets of21st century
Constituents of cell signaling pathwaysPhosphorylation of other proteins• Cancer, Inflammation, Diabetes, …• e.g. MAPK, CDK2, EGFR, PKA, etc.
Largest enzyme family in the genome: 518 members with 7 sub-families.
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Big Pharma’s Kinase Interaction Map • High throughput assay, M. Fabian et al. (Ambit Biosciences)• 113 kinases & 17 kinase inhibitors
approved drugs, candidates in clinical trials, research compounds.
Fabian, M.A., et al., A small molecule-kinase interaction map for clinical kinase inhibitors. Nat. Biotech. 2005, 23(3): p. 329-336.
= Gleevec™(Novartis); Iressa™(AstraZeneca); Tarceva™(Roche); Sutent™(Pfizer); Arxxant™(Lilly); … plus more
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Selectivity Kinases are cross reactive because of structure, fold conservation.Inhibitory impact across sub-families!
Gleevec®, a Cancer drug, also effective against Diabetes !!Targeted against ABL kinase but inhibits PDGF also.
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Some inhibitors (poisons) bind through non-conservedfeatures.
Pattern is not aligned with evolution and thus not a low hanging fruit for simpler informatics tools.
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Selectivity Kinases are cross reactive because of structure, fold conservation.Inhibitory impact across sub-families!
Recent (2006) advance in aligning the pattern of reactivity across sub-families:A. Fernandez & S. Maddipati, J. Med. Chem.
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Partially wrapped hydrogen bonds (dehydrons) attract hydrophobic groups to get completely wrapped by the dehydronic force
1
0
H( )G d
=
gromacs simulation package NVT Ensemble
TIP3p water modelPME electrostatics
Nose Hoover thermostat100 equilibrium runs
Computation details:
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Packing differences vs. Pharmacological differences
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ExperimentsFabian et al.
Nat. Biotech 2005
TheoryFernandez & Maddipati
J. Med. Chem. 2006
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Previous Example: in principle, a hand-off
“results”“hand-off”
Simulation runs
Database of results
Implication: progress via collaboration
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When Hand-Offs are Not Possible
“results”
Implication: education and training
Simulation runs
Informatics on the characteristics of the entire run
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Dehydrons & Wrapperones™ in Pharmaceutical Informatics
Gleevec™/imatinib on theCover of Time Magazine 2001
High-Throughput-Computing improves anti-cancer drugs• Change research paradigm from “generating lead generation”
to “optimizing lead optimization”!• 1st generation drug candidates (tweaks)• 2nd generation drug candidates (wrapperones™)Success factors enabled by collaboratory environmentDistinguished Investigator: Ariel Fernandez (Aug. 2011)
Re-designing better, next generation anti-cancer drugs:selective wrapping deduced from dehydronic patterns.
A. Fernandez at entry to H.F. DeLuca ForumPhoto taken Feb. 2011 (seminar visit)
Machine learning expert S. Maddipati (right)co-advised by S. Kim and A. Fernandez.
Also shown: R. Nandigam now at Aspen TechPhoto taken summer 2007
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“results”
Ultimate: enable sharing of sensitive data
The Future
Societal / Regulatory factors
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Closing Thoughts
1925 – Harry SteenbockVitamin D by Irradiation