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It’s your It’s your L L ife! ife! Pharmacy Event 2007

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Page 1: Pharmacy Assistants

It’s yourIt’s your L Life!ife!

PharmacyEvent 2007

Page 2: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState® NutrientsHighly Concentrated Natural Whole Food

FlavonoidsLipids

Vitamins

SOD

Protein

CarbohydratesDietary Fibre

Minerals

Intrinsic Enzymes

Glutathione

Β-glucan

Page 3: Pharmacy Assistants

Various Nutrients

0

50

100

Wholesome Food

FoodState

AA Chelates

Isolates+Food

Isolates

Page 4: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState Technology

There are many single cell organisms in nature

Some have played a major role in the well-being of man

The nutrients are in their biological form for better absoprtion

Page 5: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState TechnologySACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

(Bakers yeast) Contains all the mineral nutrients Contains Vit D precursors Contains all the B-complex vitamins

LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS (Yoghurt) Contains most of mineral nutrients Contains B Vitamins Contains D Metabolites Contains Vitamin C

Page 6: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState Technology FoodState® products require a growth medium for minerals & vitamins

Saccharomyces Cereviscae contains receptor sites for all the minerals and for Vit D3

The backbone protein structure of yeast consists of amino acids

If a Selenium salt is introduced to a growing culture of yeast, the Selenium searches for appropriate receptor sites

Page 7: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState TechnologyIn the case of Selenium, these receptor sites

are Methionine and Cysteine – these 2 amino acids contain sulphur

When the Selenium finds the Methionine & Cysteine sites, it replaces the sulphur

group and becomes :

SELENOMETHIONINE and

SELENOCYSTEINE

Page 8: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState® Selenium CH3 CH3

S Se

H H H H

O= N: + Se O= N:

H =O H =O NH NH

SH SeH

Sulfur protein Selenium protein

Page 9: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState Technology Other receptor sites for particular nutrients:-

Citrus concentrate for Vit C Carrot concentrate for Vits A and Beta Carotene

Vit CHost

Matrix

(Citrus concentrate)

Receptor sites

Page 10: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState Technology

Process for Yeast & Yoghurt

Receptor sites specially activated by a specific enzyme to potentiate receptor site availability

Page 11: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState Technology

Nutrient complexed with carrier peptide to take to activated

receptor sites

Page 12: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState Technology

End result :

Citrus concentrate loaded with high level Vit C without the food bulk

Page 13: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState Technology

Vegetable enzymes used to deactivate host matrix growth

Page 14: Pharmacy Assistants

Inhibition of LDL+VLDL oxidation Different forms of selenium & ascorbic acid

Antioxidant IC50

FoodStateTM Selenium 3.0 μM

Ascorbic Acid 7.2 μM

Selenomethionine 52.8 μM

Blank Yeast > 100 μM Not an Antioxidant

Sodium Selenite > 1000 μM Not an Antioxidant

FoodStateTM Selenium >>Selenomethionine >> Sodium Selenite Vinson, J.A., Stella, J.M., and Flanagan, T.J.; Nutrition Research, 1998, 18, 735-742.

Page 15: Pharmacy Assistants

Toxicity FoodState® & Isolated USP Minerals

Selenium in Biology & Medicine. Combs et al

Page 16: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState® & Isolated USP%Bioavailability in serum

124149 137

908

147

394

100 100 100 100 100 100

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Royal Society of Chemistry, Southgate et al

Page 17: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState® & Isolated USP%Bioavailability in liver

130

192

128

200

128

170

100 100 100 100 100 100

0

200

Royal Society of Chemistry, Southgate et al

Page 18: Pharmacy Assistants

Comparative Bioavailability FoodState® Minerals & Isolated USP

%Relative Bioavailability In Serum

129

100

69

0

101 100

0

57

156

100

0

71

134

100

0

95

172

100

0

101

0

100

200

COPPER

IRONM

ANGANESE

SELENIUM

ZINC

FOODSTATE USP GLUCONATE CHELATE

Royal Society of Chemistry, Southgate et al

Page 19: Pharmacy Assistants

Inhibition of in vitro cupric ion-inducedLDL + VLDL

(Concentration required to inhibit oxidation by 50%)

0.71 0.75

1.46

2.27

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1/IC

50

AA CE AA + CE FOODSTATE

Journal of Medicinal Food. Vinson et al

Page 20: Pharmacy Assistants

Effect Of FoodState® Vitamin CPlasma Cholesterol - LDL+VLDL - Triglyceride

(After One Month)

100

100

100

77

66

40

Total Cholesterol

LDL+VLDL

Triglyceride

Control FoodState

Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry. Vinson et al

Page 21: Pharmacy Assistants

tPAtPATissue Plasminogen Tissue Plasminogen activatoractivator

The Haemostatic System (tPA: Tissue Plasminogen activator; PAI-1: plasminogen inhibitor 1)The Haemostatic System (tPA: Tissue Plasminogen activator; PAI-1: plasminogen inhibitor 1)

EndotheliumEndothelium

CoagulationCoagulation FibrinolysisFibrinolysis

ThrombinThrombin

Anti-thrombinAnti-thrombinFibrinogenFibrinogen FibrinFibrin

PlasminogenPlasminogen

PlasminPlasmin

PAI-1PAI-1PlasminogenPlasminogenActivatorActivatorInhibitorInhibitor 1 1A2-antiplasminA2-antiplasmin

D-dimerD-dimerPlateletsPlatelets

TAT – thrombin-antithrombin complexTAT – thrombin-antithrombin complexMarker of activation of coagulationMarker of activation of coagulation

PAP – plasmin-antiplasmin complexPAP – plasmin-antiplasmin complexMarker of fibrinolyctic activityMarker of fibrinolyctic activity

InactivationInactivation

clot thinclot thin

clotclot

Blood coagulation & Fribrinolysis. Loots et al

Page 22: Pharmacy Assistants

The effects of FoodStateThe effects of FoodState® ® Vitamin C Complex Vitamin C Complex on Haemostasison Haemostasis

Potchefstroom University of Christian Higher Education 2001Potchefstroom University of Christian Higher Education 2001

“Resulted in a new steady state of haemostatic balance that may be protective of CVD” Resulted in a new steady state of haemostatic balance that may be protective of CVD” ““When compared to the placebo group these decreases were significant” When compared to the placebo group these decreases were significant”

ThrombinThrombinClottingClotting

PlasminPlasminThinningThinning

Page 23: Pharmacy Assistants

Comparison of intestinal calcium absorption from a yeast derived calcium preparation and calcium carbonate

Pettifor JM1, Abrams SA2, Pringle A3, Norris SA1, Arvanaghi M4

1MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand2Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas

3Sportron International Pty, Ltd, Johannesburg4Grow Co Inc, USA

Page 24: Pharmacy Assistants

MethodsA randomized cross-over study using healthy adult subjects with a two week wash out period between each test.

6 volunteers were recruited for the study.

Informed written consent was obtained from each subject and the study was approved by the Committee for Research on Human Subjects of the University of the Witwatersrand.

Page 25: Pharmacy Assistants

Calcium absorption

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Subjects

% a

bso

rpti

on

Yeast Ca

CaCO3

Page 26: Pharmacy Assistants

In medicine think

common things first

Horses!Horses!

Not uncommon things first

Zebras!Zebras!

Page 28: Pharmacy Assistants

Red Flags

1. Unexplained Weight Loss and/ or Loss of Appetite2. Chest Pain3. Headaches, Stiff neck4. Lumps and/or Pulsatile abdominal mass(abdominal aortic aneurysms) 5. Fever6. Neurological deficits Slurred speech, Confusion, Gait, Tremors7. Recent bowel & bladder changes8. Blood from any orifice9. Non-healing sores , Ulcers, Wounds10. Changes in moles on the skin 11. Persistent coughing, Hoarseness, Swallowing difficulty

CANCER - All 4 = 100%CANCER - All 4 = 100%1.Failure of conservative management2.Unexplained weight loss3.Cancer history4.Age greater than 50Jarvik JG, Deyo RA, Annals Internal Medicine 2002

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page 29: Pharmacy Assistants

H - HeadachesE - EnergyA - Anxiety/stressR - Reeling

H - HormonesO - OverweightO - OedemaF - Fears

B - BloatingE - EsteemA - AngerT - TiredS - Sadness

T - TummyH - Hyper/hypotensionI - ImmuneN - Neck & Back painK - Kidney / BladderH - HyperactiveO - ObsessivenessR - RememberingS - SinusE - EngramS - Sleep

Page 30: Pharmacy Assistants

Stress

Energy

Immune

THREE HORSES

Page 31: Pharmacy Assistants

Causes:

Body: Lack of sleep Reliant on stimulants Exercise Injuries Birth Pregnancy

Mind: Lifestyle Habits Addiction Economics Obsessions

Spirit: Death Divorce Isolation Insecurity

Stress

Page 32: Pharmacy Assistants

Chronic Stress

Cortisol – high and prolonged in blood stream

Body: Thyroid Blood Sugar Bone Density Muscle Spasm Immune Inflammation Blood Pressure Abdominal fat – heart attacks, strokes

Mind: CognitionSpirit: Adrenal exhaustion=“burn out”

Page 33: Pharmacy Assistants

StressSymptomsBodyBody

HeadachesSpinal, shoulder painBlood pressureSleep disturbedWeight changesFatigueLibido

MindMindDepressionMood swingsOverwhelmedConcentrationDecision difficultiesRelationship conflictsAddictions

SpiritSpiritEmptiness Loss of faithWithdrawal SuicidalApathy

FoodState®

Multi Vitamin & Mineral Formula

Calcium & Magnesium Formula

B-Complex

Sugar Balance Formula

B-Complex

Lots of Libido

Page 34: Pharmacy Assistants

Beta carotene 7.5mgVitamin D 2.5μgVitamin E 5mgVitamin C 30mgVitamin B1 (thiamin) 0.7mgVitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.8mgVitamin B3 (niacinamide) 9mgVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 1mgFolacin 100μgVitamin B12 (cyanacobalamin) 0.5μgBiotin 7μgPantothenic Acid 3mg

A damage control, completely balanced

Multi vitamin & mineral complex Anti-ageing, Anti-stress, Anti-fatigue,

Immune-supporting, Performance-enhancing.

FoodState®

Multi Vitamin & Mineral Formula

Iron 2.5mgZinc 2.5mgIodine 75μgCopper 0.26mgManganese 0.25mgSelenium 50μgGTF Chromium 25μgBoron 0.5mgInositol 2.5mg PABA 2.5mgCalcium 25μgMagnesium 3mgPotassium 3mg Molybdenum 5μg

Page 35: Pharmacy Assistants

FoodState CalciumBody: 99% stored in bones & teeth about 1.2kg 1% Blood, muscles, extracellular fluids Muscle contraction Vasoconstriction & vasodilatation Sweating head (cell membrane permeability)

Mind: Sensitive to criticism, being observed, insecure, withdrawn.

Spirit: Not safe

Page 36: Pharmacy Assistants

Body: Reduces histamine Synthesis hyaluronic acid (Cushioning, lubricating component of connective tissues) TMJ Mitral valve prolapse, 10% - wired or tired, --- joint hypermobility) Menstrual cramps Fibromyalgia Muscles like corduroy

Mind: Anxiety ,16 times more likely joint hypermobility Reduces adrenaline Depression Migraines – intravenous 80%

Spirit: Better Rhythm

FoodState Magnesium

Page 37: Pharmacy Assistants

Magnesium

Magnesium Headaches / Migraines< Noise < Noise< Bright lights < Bright LightsHeadaches HeadachesMitral Valve Prolapse Mitral Valve ProlapseAnxiety AnxietyMenstrual Cramps Menstrual CrampsNausea Nausea

FoodState®

Magnesium Complex

Page 38: Pharmacy Assistants

Calcium & Magnesium Complex

FoodState®

Calcium & Magnesium Formula

Page 39: Pharmacy Assistants

•Magnesium 7,5mg

•Chromium GTF 50μg

•Vanadium 25μg

•Omega 3 fatty acids 100mg

Weight changesFatigue

Weight gain FoodState®

Sugar Balance Formula

Page 40: Pharmacy Assistants

Foodstate Vitamin B complex

Body: Water soluble – “Spark Plug” More sugar more B Tingling extremities Aching, sore Heart rhythms Ecology – bowel flora produces B Mouth, tongue symptoms Skin – rashes, dermatitis

Homocysteine - cardio/stroke, folic acid, B12, B6

Mind: Anxiety Sleep

Spirit: Burnout

Weight loss Weight changesFatigue

Page 41: Pharmacy Assistants

MindMindDepressionMood swingsOverwhelmedConcentrationDecision difficultiesRelationship conflictsAddictions

Stress

FoodState®

Optimism & Joy

FoodState®

Iron & Molybdenum Complex

Page 42: Pharmacy Assistants

Tryptophan Methionine

Tyrosine Glycine Serine Taurine Carnitine Aspartic acid

GlutathioneGlutamine Glutamic acid Asparagine

Dopamine

Noradrenalin

Adrenalin

Pyroglutamate

SerotoninTryptamine

Melatonin

Thyroxine

GABA

Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Valine Leucine lysine

Cysteine

Essential amino acid

Amino acid

Neurotransmitter

Family Tree of Key Neurotransmitters

Page 43: Pharmacy Assistants

L-TRYPTOPHAN – turkey, fish, meat, peanuts, sesame

high carbs aid serotonin brain absorption--sleepy Folic acid

Vit. C B3 B6

Iron5HTP

Biotin

Zinc

B3

SEROTONINB5-(pantothenic acid)

Serotonin Pathway

Page 44: Pharmacy Assistants

Restless

Over Reaction – “Twitchers”

LightNoise, Balance

TMJ, ClenchingCraving CarbsAnorexia, Temperature

Tingling, Burning

< Exertion

B6SlownessSwelling

Stretch MarksPMS

Global Symptoms that Precede Poor Serotonin Synthesis

Page 45: Pharmacy Assistants

Folic acidFolic acid – mood changes, blue under eyes, restless legs, lips pale cracked

Vit. CVit. C – fragile skin, gums, teeth. little subcutaneous spots

B1B1 - < noise, exercise, balance. Craving carbs,hands / feet cold numb, tingling

B3B3 - < exercise, burning, tender feet & hands, TMJ, Schizophrenia

B6B6 – slow, swell, stretch marks, PMS

BiotinBiotin – Dry, itch, tingling skin, hair

ZincZinc – spotty/greasy skin, spotty/brittle nails, craving carbs, anorexia, smell / taste

B5B5 - < exercise, burning, tender, feet hands, TMJ, twitches

B12B12 – behaviour (elderly), intrinsic factor, blue under eyes, balance, thermally sensitive, mouth, skin / lips pale, white / yellow spots

MagnesiumMagnesium - < noise, twitches, muscle weak / spasm

St. John’s WortSt. John’s Wort – inhibits uptake, modulates serotonin, dopamine, noreadrenalin

Trimethyl GlycineTrimethyl Glycine – remethylates homocysteine to methionine (increase SAMe)

Rhodiola RoseaRhodiola Rosea – concentration, memory, adaptogen

L-TyrosineL-Tyrosine – precursor catecholamine, pain

L-GlutamineL-Glutamine – precursor to GABA, blood brain barrier

Panax GinsengPanax Ginseng - cortisol

FoodState®

Optimism & Joy

Page 46: Pharmacy Assistants

Proportion of People in developing countries who are Anaemic

Source: DeMaeyer, EM, Dallman P, Gurney JM, Hallberg L, Sood SK, & Srikantia SG (1989). Preventing and controlling iron deficiency Anaemia through primary health care: a guide for health administrators and programme managers, pp 5-58 WHO Geneva

50% 50%55%

60%

25%

Page 47: Pharmacy Assistants

Body: Anaemia Smooth tongue Fatigue Spoon shaped brittle nails Shortness of Breath

Cold ExtremitiesRapid Fluttering HeartbeatCraving ice, dirt, clay (pica)Corners of mouth crackReduced T & B cellsHypochlorrhydria, Helicobacter pylori

Mind: Irritable, compulsive

Spirit: Iron Lady

FoodState®

Iron & Molybdenum

Page 48: Pharmacy Assistants

SpiritSpiritEmptiness Loss of FaithWithdrawalSuicidalApathy

Stress

FoodState®

Iron & Molybdenum

FoodState®

Enthusiasm & Energy

Page 49: Pharmacy Assistants

L-PHENYLALANINE-turkey, eggs, milk, meat

phenylketonuria - aspartame, blonde, fair, mousy odour

Folic acid, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, C

L-TYROSINE

Folic acid

L-DOPA (Parkinson's)

B6, zinc

DOPAMINE –motor arousal

vit. C

Noradrenaline – elation, euphoria, focused attention

Methylation

Adrenaline – fright,flight,fight,freeze 4 to 1 noradrenaline cortisol

Sympathetic Nervous System Compounds Noradrenaline - Alertness and Arousal

Page 50: Pharmacy Assistants

L-Tyrosine – precursor; dopamine, pain

Zinc – Spotty / greasy skin, spotty brittle nails, craving carbs, anorexia, smell, taste

Vit. C – Fragile skin / gums, teeth, little subcutaneous spots

B6 - Slow, Swell, Stretch marks, PMS

Lipophos – Phosphorylated Lipoprotein – intermediate building blocks for ATP

Rhodiola Rosea – Focus, Memory, learning, Adaptogen

Arginine Pyroglutamate - Memory, Alertness left & Right hemispheres

Citrus Aurantium – CNS stimulating

Ginseng - Adaptogen

FoodState®

Enthusiasm & Energy

Page 51: Pharmacy Assistants

RememberRemember

FoodState®

Iron & Molybdenum

Page 52: Pharmacy Assistants

Second horse

Energy

Page 53: Pharmacy Assistants

PROTEINPROTEIN SUGARSUGAR FATFATB6 pyridoxineB12 cyanocobalaminFolic acid

B1 thiamine,B2 riboflavinMagnesiumManganese Glycerol

B1 thiamineB2 riboflavinBiotinMagnesium

PYRUVIC ACIDIf insufficient oxygen(anaerobic) = lactic acid

B5 pantothenic acid

Acetyl-coenzyme A(controls flow of oxygen & free radicals)

Acetyl CoAFatty Acids

KREB CYCLEKREB CYCLEB1, B2, B3, C,Magnesium 90% of energy

HYDROGENHYDROGEN

Co-enzyme Q10 (1-10)Controls flow of oxygen & free radicals

B2, B3, niacin, ironCoQ copper sulphate

( + oxygen)

urine

CO2CO2Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide

exhale

H2OH2Owaterwater

Energy

FoodState B-complex

FoodState Essential Fatty Acids

FoodState Iron & Copper

FoodStateMagnesium

FoodState Anti-Ageing Formula

EnergyHow the mitochondria (DNA from mother) turns food into energy

Page 54: Pharmacy Assistants

Energy

The vicious cycle

Page 55: Pharmacy Assistants

Energy

Fatigue, irritability, weight gain, craving for refined carbohydrates, and lightheadedness.

Chromium - vital part of glucose tolerance factor (GTF) and energy. Synthesis of cholesterol, fats and protein. Maintains stable blood sugar levels through proper insulin utilisation.

Magnesium - vital in enzyme activity for energy. Vanadium inhibits cholesterol synthesis and aids in glucose tolerance. Omega 3 - slows down sugar absorption,

Controls blood cholesterol and fat levels and maintains water balance.Each tablet contains:

Magnesium 7.5mgGTF Chromium 50µgVanadium 25µg

Omega 3 fatty acids 100mg

FoodState®

Sugar Balance

Page 56: Pharmacy Assistants

Third Horse

Immune

Page 57: Pharmacy Assistants

Bon

e M

arr

ow

Special Defense

GeneralDefense

FeedingCells

Lym

phoc

ytes

Intestinal tissueLiver etc.

Thymus

Compliment System

Macrophage -Big eaters -WBC

Granulocyte –Granulated WBC

MonocytesLeukocyte – immune WBC

Compliment factors

Helper cellsLeukocyte WBC

Killer cellsT lymphocyte

T-lymphocytesHelper cells WBC

Suppressor cellsImmune T cells

Plasma Cel limmune CD4

B lymphocytesAntibodies against antigens

Plasma cell

Bacteria

virus

Fungus

Antibodies

Immune

Page 58: Pharmacy Assistants

Immune

The immune system is extremely

sensitive to oxidative damage.

Deficiencies in vital antioxidants

like: A,C,E, Selenium and

Zinc impairs our Immune system

Betacarotene 5mgVit C 50mgB12 2.5μgZinc 2.5mgSelenium 150µgBioflavonoids 80mgGlutathione complex 50mgCysteine 50mgGlutamine 250mgBetasitosterol 60mg

FoodState®

Immune Formula

Page 59: Pharmacy Assistants

Immune

• Body: Antioxidant Immune Antihistamine Collagen “glue” 30% bodies protein-Capillary fragility-Muscles

Nitric oxide -dilation of blood vesselsMind: Adrenal exhaustionSpirit: Leaking

FoodState®

C Complex

Page 60: Pharmacy Assistants

The Real KeyFoodState® Vitamin C is 12 times more bioavailable than Ascorbic Acid

University of Scranton

Retention – About 8 hoursRetention – About 8 hoursBioavailability- USP 100Bioavailability- USP 100

Retention- About 24 hoursRetention- About 24 hoursBioavailabilty- 1210Bioavailabilty- 1210

Bioavailability

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Ascorbic Acid Foodstate

Ascorbic Acid

Foodstate

FoodState®

C Complex

Page 61: Pharmacy Assistants

Body: CConcentrated in prostate, semen -decreased testosterone levels, low sperm count next most concentrated retina of eye, heart, spleen, lungs, brain, adrenals, skin, nails, hair, teeth

Children : Tired, sickly, poor appetite, growth, concentration, skin, hair & development (sex etc) Adults :

Tired Immune: Immune: Chronic infections, promotes T- cell activity Appetite-Anorexia ,bulimia, taste sensations Skin, hair ,nails,Skin, hair ,nails, brittle hair,White spots on the fingernails Environmental sensitivity Pregnancy: mPregnancy: morning sickness -zinc and vit B Birth control pill & depression = elevated copper levels ,need zinc and vit B Rains washes zinc, iodine, sulphur, selenium from soils Heavy metals

Mind: Memory

Spirit: Zinc for think

FoodState®

Zinc & Copper Complex

Page 62: Pharmacy Assistants

Zinc atoms surround a group of T cells. Zinc deficiency has been linked with impaired

immune function and lowered resistance to infection.

Immune

Godfrey JC, Sloane BC, Smith DS, et al. Zinc gluconate and the common cold: a controlled clinical study. J Intern Med Res. 1992;20:234-246.

Zinc

FoodState®

Zinc & Copper Complex

Page 63: Pharmacy Assistants

Immune

Body: ImmuneAllergy InflammationAutoimmune Lowers high blood cholesterol and triglyceride levelsDilating or constricting blood vessels Blood sugarSkin, nails, hairRegulating smooth muscle and autonomic reflexes

Mind: Concentration , Memory, Mood swings (PMS)

Spirit: Depression

FLAXSEED OIL 1000mgAlpha Linolenic (Omega 3) 57%Linoleic (Omega 6) 16%Oleic (Omega 9) 18%Palmitic stearic & other 9%

FoodState®

Essential Fatty Acid Complex

Page 64: Pharmacy Assistants

1. Zinc, Magnesium, B6 deficiencies2. High cholesterol3. Obesity4. Eating saturated fats (trans fatty acids)5. Eating refined carbohydrate6. Diabetes7. Alcohol8. Smoking9. Stress10. Viruses11. Fasting (lack of protein)12. Ageing13. Anti-inflammatories 14. Aspirin15. Radiation, chemotherapy16. Cystic fibrosis( abnormal mucous secretion of lungs, digestive tract)17. Cirrhosis (destruction of normal liver tissue) 18. Infancy (fat conversion enzyme: delta 6 desaturase, not active until age one)

Factors that Block Fat Utilisation