phase diagrams - montgomery.k12.ky.us · phase diagrams are used to show when a specific substance...
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Phase Diagrams
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A phase diagram is used to show the relationship between temperature, pressure and state of matter.
Before moving ahead, let us review some vocabulary and particle diagrams.
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States of Matter
Solid: rigid, has definite volume and definite shape Liquid: flows, has definite volume, but takes the shape of the container Gas: flows, no definite volume or shape, shape and volume are determined by container Plasma: atoms are separated into nuclei (neutrons and protons) and electrons, no definite volume or shape
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Changes of States of Matter
Freezing start as a liquid, end as a solid, slowing particle motion, forming more intermolecular bonds Melting start as a solid, end as a liquid, increasing particle motion, break some intermolecular bonds Condensation start as a gas, end as a liquid, decreasing particle motion, form intermolecular bonds Evaporation/Boiling/Vaporization start as a liquid, end as a gas, increasing particle motion, break intermolecular bonds
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Sublimation
Starts as a solid, ends as a gas, increases particle speed, breaks intermolecular bonds
Deposition
Starts as a gas, ends as a solid, decreases particle speed, forms intermolecular bonds
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http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter
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The flat sections on the graph are the points where a phase change is occurring.
Both states of matter are present at the same time.
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In the flat sections, heat is being removed by the formation of intermolecular bonds.
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The flat points are phase changes.
The heat added to the system are being used to break intermolecular bonds.
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PHASE DIAGRAMS
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Phase diagrams are used to show when a specific substance will change its state of matter (alignment of particles and distance between particles).
Every substance has its own phase diagram.
Some are very complex while others are simple.
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H2O
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CO2
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Steel
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Terminology of Phase Diagrams
Normal Boiling Point and Normal Melting Point
Both terms refer to the temperature at which the substance undergoes a phase change at 1atm (or 101kPa, 760mmHg).
(atm, kPa, and mmHg are pressure measurements)
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What is the normal melting point and boiling point on the phase diagram below?
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Terminology of Phase Diagrams
Critical Temperature and Critical Pressure
This is the point on the phase diagram above which a liquid is unable to form.
It cannot form because the particles have TOO much kinetic energy to form intermolecular bonds needed for liquids.
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What is the critical temperature and pressure in the phase diagram below?
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Terminology of Phase Diagrams
Triple Point
The triple point is the location on a phase diagram at which all three lines which divide the three states of matter meet.
At this point, all three states of matter may exist at the same time.
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What is the pressure and temperature for the triple point on the phase diagram below?
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General Reading Information
The lines dividing the three states of matter indicate phase changes.
When a temperature and pressure point are on a line, then both states of matter (which ever are on either side of the line) are present.
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1. What phase changes does line A represent?
2. What phase changes does line B represent?
3. What phase changes does line C represent?