Phases of Matter Phases of Matter

ObjectivesObjectives

Explain the effect of heat Explain the effect of heat on the motion atomson the motion atoms

Describe what happens to Describe what happens to particles (atoms) during a particles (atoms) during a phase changephase change

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

How does heat affect the How does heat affect the motion of atoms?motion of atoms?

How do atoms react during a How do atoms react during a change of phase?change of phase?

Frontloading quizFrontloading quiz

Shape and volume of matter in theShape and volume of matter in the

____________ state do not change.____________ state do not change.

The particles of a __________ are veryThe particles of a __________ are very

far apart and move independently of far apart and move independently of

one another.one another.

A liquid’s resistance to flow is calledA liquid’s resistance to flow is called

______________.______________.

Warm-upWarm-upListen to the states of Listen to the states of matter song…matter song…

What does the song tell What does the song tell you about the properties you about the properties of a Gas, a liquid, and a of a Gas, a liquid, and a solid? songsolid? song

Exit SlipExit Slip

Describe how atoms Describe how atoms behave as far as behave as far as movement, structure, and movement, structure, and energy in each phase of energy in each phase of matter.matter.

What areWhat arephasesphasesof matter? of matter? states video clipstates video clip

Physical forms in Physical forms in which substances which substances exist exist

Solid, Liquid, and Solid, Liquid, and GasGas

All matter is made All matter is made of particles - atoms of particles - atoms and moleculesand molecules

What are What are solids? solids?

Anything that has a Anything that has a definite shape and definite shape and volumevolume

Particles are very Particles are very close togetherclose together

Particles have a very Particles have a very strong attraction to strong attraction to each other each other

Particles vibrate in Particles vibrate in placeplace

Particles have low Particles have low energyenergy

What is aWhat is aliquid? liquid?

substance that has a substance that has a definite volume but definite volume but not a definite shapenot a definite shape

Particles are not very Particles are not very close together-slide close together-slide past each other past each other

Particles have a semi Particles have a semi – attraction to each – attraction to each otherother

Particles move Particles move around more than around more than solidssolids

Particles have Particles have medium energymedium energy

LiquidLiquidcharacteristicscharacteristics

Surface TensionSurface Tension - a - a force that causes force that causes particles on the particles on the surface to bond surface to bond tighter - causes tighter - causes dropletsdroplets

ViscosityViscosity - - resistance or non - resistance or non - resistance to flow resistance to flow

High viscosity - flows High viscosity - flows slowlyslowly

Low viscosity - flows Low viscosity - flows freelyfreely

Surface TensionSurface Tension

High ViscosityHigh Viscosity

Liquid TriviaLiquid Trivia

Water is the only substance that Water is the only substance that can be found as a solid, liquid, and can be found as a solid, liquid, and a gas at normal surface a gas at normal surface temperatures and pressures on temperatures and pressures on Earth.Earth.

What areWhat are

gases?gases?

Gases have no Gases have no definite shape definite shape and no definite and no definite volumevolume

Gases can be Gases can be compressed or compressed or spread way apartspread way apart

Particles move Particles move very fastvery fast

Particles have a Particles have a lot of energylot of energy

Gases released from a volcanoGases released from a volcano

Plasma has been called the "fourth state" of matter, after solids, liquids and gases. Most of the matter in the universe is in the form of plasma. A plasma is formed if some of the negatively charged electrons are separated from their host atoms in a gas, leaving the atoms with a positive charge. The negatively charged electrons, and the positively charged atoms (known as positive ions) are then free to move separately under the influence of an applied voltage or magnetic field.

Stars are plasma

PhasePhaseChangesChanges

Warm-upWarm-up

Why do you smell the air Why do you smell the air freshener all over the freshener all over the room when Mrs. Murphy room when Mrs. Murphy only sprayed it in the frontonly sprayed it in the front

Warm-upWarm-up

Describe what must Describe what must happen in order for a happen in order for a change in state to change in state to occur. occur.

states of matter & liquid nitrogenstates of matter & liquid nitrogen

What areWhat are

phasephase

changes?changes?

a physical changea physical change

from one physical from one physical

form to another form to another

From solid to liquidFrom solid to liquid

to gas & vice versato gas & vice versa

Requires adding orRequires adding or

Removing energyRemoving energy

What areWhat are

phasephase

changes?changes?

Melting- Change of Melting- Change of state from solid to state from solid to liquid liquid

Melting point is Melting point is the temperature the temperature that a substance that a substance either changes to either changes to a liquid or a solid.a liquid or a solid.

4 states of matter song

What areWhat are

phasephase

changes?changes?

FreezingFreezing- Change - Change of state from liquid of state from liquid to solid to solid

Melting and freezing Melting and freezing temp for water is 0 temp for water is 0 degrees Celsiusdegrees Celsius

What areWhat are

phasephase

changes?changes?

EvaporationEvaporation- is a- is a

change of achange of a

Substance on itsSubstance on its

surface from asurface from a

liquid to a gasliquid to a gas

What areWhat are

phasephase

changes?changes?

Boiling- change Boiling- change of a liquid to a of a liquid to a vapor.vapor.

boiling point is boiling point is the temp. at the temp. at which liquid turns which liquid turns to gasto gas

What areWhat arephase phase changes?changes?

Condensation- change Condensation- change of a gas to a liquidof a gas to a liquid

Condensation and Condensation and evaporation/boiling evaporation/boiling point are the same point are the same temp. for a substancetemp. for a substance

When a gas like water When a gas like water condenses it takes up condenses it takes up less space because the less space because the atoms slow down.atoms slow down.

Can Crusher DemonstrationCan Crusher Demonstration

Hypothesize how I will crush the Hypothesize how I will crush the can.can.

From what you know about how From what you know about how atoms are effected by atoms are effected by temperature why do you think temperature why do you think the can was crushed?the can was crushed?

When the can is put in the cold water upside When the can is put in the cold water upside down, the hot gas water molecules are very down, the hot gas water molecules are very rapidly cooled. Some of the gas molecules rapidly cooled. Some of the gas molecules are condensed back to the liquid water, so are condensed back to the liquid water, so there are less gas molecules present. Cold there are less gas molecules present. Cold water also cools the remaining gas water also cools the remaining gas molecules, which makes the molecules slow molecules, which makes the molecules slow down, then there are fewer collisions with the down, then there are fewer collisions with the walls of the can, which in turn causes less walls of the can, which in turn causes less pressure inside of the can. The air pressure pressure inside of the can. The air pressure on the outside of the can is stronger. This on the outside of the can is stronger. This causes the can to crush. causes the can to crush.

What areWhat arephase phase changes?changes?

Sublimation- Sublimation- change of a solid change of a solid directly to a gasdirectly to a gas

Deposition – Deposition – change of state change of state from a gas from a gas directly to a soliddirectly to a solid

CondensationCondensation

SublimationSublimation

Warm-upWarm-up

As temperature/energy/heat As temperature/energy/heat increases what happens to increases what happens to atom/molecular movement atom/molecular movement and attraction? and attraction?

Behavior of GasesBehavior of Gases

Geologists sampling gases at the Geologists sampling gases at the dome of a volcano- (90% of the gas dome of a volcano- (90% of the gas

is water vapor).is water vapor).

What areWhat arethree thingsthree thingsthat affectthat affectthe behaviorthe behaviorof a gas?of a gas?

1.1. TemperatureTemperature- - is a measure of how is a measure of how

fast particles are fast particles are moving.moving. - the faster - the faster they move the more they move the more energy (higher energy (higher temp.) they have temp.) they have and the farther they and the farther they go, slower=less go, slower=less energy, lower tempenergy, lower temp

What areWhat are

three thingsthree things

that affectthat affect

the behaviorthe behavior

of a gas?of a gas?

2. Volume2. Volume it is the amount of it is the amount of

space that an object space that an object takes up.takes up.

With a gas, volume With a gas, volume depends on the depends on the container it is in.container it is in.

Can be compressedCan be compressed

What areWhat are

three thingsthree things

that affectthat affect

the behaviorthe behavior

of a gas?of a gas?

3. Pressure3. Pressure- - amount of amount of force force exerted on a exerted on a given area of given area of space.space.

What are What are

the Gasthe Gas

Laws?Laws?

Charles law-Charles law- the the volumevolume of a gas is of a gas is directly proportional directly proportional to the to the temperaturetemperature of a gas when the of a gas when the pressurepressure is is constant. constant.

-as the -as the temperaturetemperature of a fixed amount of of a fixed amount of gas increases the gas increases the volumevolume increases. increases.

What are What are

the Gasthe Gas

Laws?Laws?

Boyles law-Boyles law- the the volumevolume of a gas is of a gas is inversely proportional inversely proportional to the to the pressurepressure of the of the gas when the gas when the temperaturetemperature is is constant. constant.

-when the -when the volumevolume for for a fixed amount of gas a fixed amount of gas increases the increases the pressurepressure decreases decreases

Charles lawCharles law

Boyles lawBoyles law

Charles lawCharles law