phasor mesurement system in brazil

8/3/2019 Phasor Mesurement System in Brazil

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Abstract-- This paper describes recent results of the MedFaseeproject aiming at the development and performance testing of a

Synchronized Phasor Measurement System (SPMS) prototype and

its applications for monitoring of power system operation. The

prototype consists of a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and three

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) installed in cities in Southern

Brazil. Results from monitoring system frequency and voltage in

normal and abnormal conditions are shown. These results indicate

that is possible to obtain important information on power systemdynamics using SPMS connected at low-voltage and Internet.

Index Terms Phasor Measurements, PMU, power system

monitoring, wide-area monitoring, SPMS, WAMS.

I. INTRODUCTION

N the last years, economic considerations associated to the

electricity market and environment restrictions have led grid

operators to postpone or reduce investments. This scenario

combined with the continuous load increase leads the power

system and its components to operate closer to their limits.

Furthermore, reliable electricity supply is now essential for

society, and blackouts are becoming more costly [1].

To operate the power system closer to limits and still to

keep a high reliability is a challenging task and requires tools

that allow the prompt detection of instabilities. SCADA data

provide a comprehensive record of power system conditions

but at a relatively slow rate [2]. New tools such as

Synchronized Phasor Measurement Systems (SPMS), which

use advances in communications, computers and Global

Positioning System (GPS) technologies, are needed for

monitoring and control to improve the security of large power

systems [3]. The SPMS can capture the faster power system

variations enabling operators to monitor and often control

critical power system operating indices, which are essentialfor secure operation of a large power system, including static

phase-angle limits (power system stress), critical intermediate

voltage support when operating at large phase-angle

Work partially supported by contract FNDCT CT-Energ/Finep

01.02.0039.00 and Reason Technology S.A.

I. C. Decker, D. Dotta, M. N. Agostini , and A. S. e Silva are with Federal

University of Santa Catarina, Florianpolis, SC 88.040-900 Brazil (e-mail:

[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],agui

[email protected]).

S. L. Zimath is with Reason Technology S. A., Florianpolis, SC 88.025-

500 Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]).

separation, dynamic/transient phasor movements indicating

dynamic/transient swings among different areas and modal

inter area oscillation frequencies and their modal damping [3].

The SPMS, sometimes referred to more generically as a

Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS), are basically

composed by PMUs (Phasor Measurements Units)

connected to a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and

application methodologies for monitoring and control of

power system real time operation [2]. The first developmentsin SPMS started in 1989 with the WAMS project in

subsystems of the WECC (Western Electricity Coordinating

Council) of U.S.A. [4]. This project involved the use of GPS-

synchronized measurements over a large area of that power

network [5]. In the last few years, several others countries

started to install SPMS in their electrical systems. Besides the

U.S.A., the following countries are reported to have installed

and integrated phasor measurement units for research or are

developing prototypes: Brazil [4], Scandinavia [9], Korea

[10], Taiwan [11], China [12], Japan [13], and France, Italy,

Switzerland, Croatia, Greece, Mexico, South Africa [5].

In the beginning of 2003, following the experience gainedin the western power system, the U.S. Department of Energy

(DOE) launched the Eastern Interconnection Phasor Project

(EIPP), which is being executed by a work group comprising

transmission owing utilities, hardware and software vendors,

power system operators, reliability councils and government.

The EIPP seeks to improve power system reliability through

wide area measurement, monitoring and control [6]. To reach

this goal six task teams were created by EIPP. As the SPMS

technology is so incipient, the main work developed for the

task team was the identification, description and specification

of the functional requirements for components of software and

hardware for SPMS. These components include the

equipments (PMUs, PDC, network, etc) and the monitoring,

protection and control applications. Specifically, the

Performance Requirements Task Team (PRTT) has been

working in a report including guidelines/requirements for a

PMU Testing Guide. The main objective of PMU Testing

Guide is to define a testing procedure to assess the PMUs

that will be installed in the Eastern Interconnection. The PMU

assessment is important as shown in [7]. That work shows that

PMUs of different manufacturers can be only compared under

nominal frequency operations conditions. In off-nominal

frequency operation every tested PMU unit yielded a different

Performance of a Synchronized Phasor

Measurements System in the Brazilian Power

SystemI. C. Decker, D. Dotta, M. N. Agostini, S. L. Zimath, andA. S. e Silva.

I

1-4244-0493-2/06/$20.00 2006 IEEE.


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phase and magnitude for the common measured voltage

signal. These measurement errors must be taken into account

to allow the connection between PMUs of different

manufactures.

This paper describes new results of a research project on

SPMS in Brazil, the MedFasee project. The main goal of this

paper is to show the performance of a SPMS prototype

comprising three PMUs and one PDC, under normal and

abnormal power system conditions.The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the

MedFasee project is presented and the main software and

hardware components of the SPMS prototype are described.

In Section 3, the performance of the PMU prototype is

presented. In Section 4, the performance of the SPMS

prototype in monitoring the power system under normal and

abnormal conditions is presented. Finally, in Section 5 and 6,

the future developments and main conclusions are,

respectively, presented.

II. MEDFASEE PROJECT

The MedFasee project was started in 2003 aiming at thedevelopment of a phasor measurement system prototype and

applications for power systems monitoring and control. The

prototype was installed in the end of 2004 and since then the

frequency and disturbances, in the Southern Brazil power

system, have been monitored.

A. SPMS Prototype

The SPMS prototype is composed by one PDC and three

PMUs. The three PMUs were installed in laboratories of three

universities in Southern Brazil: Federal Center of

Technological Education of Parana (CEFET-PR) in Curitiba,

Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) in Florianpolis

and Catholic University (PUCRS) in Porto Alegre. The PMUsmeasure the instantaneous three-phase distribution voltage and

frequency. Each PMU is connected to the Internet through an

ethernet network interface and sends the phasors to the PDC

located in the Electrical Systems Planning Research

Laboratory (LabPlan) at UFSC. In Figure 1 the geographical

location of the PDC and PMUs in Brazil is shown.

The main hardware components and the prototype

functionalities are described as follows:

1) PMU

The PMUs were entirely designed and built as part of the

MedFasee project. To implement the main PMU functions,

phasor calculation and transmission to the PDC, the voltageand current samples, acquired synchronously with the GPS

reference, are processed by Discrete Fourier Transform

(DFT), and formatted in data frames, using the IEEE Std.

1344-1995 format [15]. Each PMU has a GPS receiver to

synchronize the samples, so that the phasor angles measured

by all PMUs in the power system are in the same time

reference. The PMUs have eight analogue channels (four for

voltage and four for current), and 16 digital channels. The

PMU generated data are continuously sent to the PDC, at a

rate of 60Hz, using an Ethernet link (UDP/IP protocol). This

rate and an angle precision of 0.1 electric degrees are suited

for the analysis of long term dynamic phenomena [15].

Fig. 1. PMUs and PDC geographical location.

2) PDC

The PDC receives and correlates time-tagged phasor data

sent by all the PMUs. It has the following main functions:

a) Acquisition of the phasors, continuously sent by the

PMUs and handling of transmission errors;b) Storage of phasors in a central database;

c) Support for real time system monitoring;

d) Support for offline study applications, making

available old phasors.

These functions are designed and implemented in

computing routines using the Object Oriented Modeling

paradigm and C++ programming language. As the PDC needs

to support real time applications it is necessary to rank the

routines priorities. For example, the task of phasors

acquisition has a higher priority than a request from the off-

line study application. To solve this problem a real time

environment needed to be implemented. The PDC was built

using the GNU/Linux operating system that does not have

native real time support. The real time support is enabled in

GNU/Linux applying a patch to the GNU/Linux kernel. There

are two main packages for this finality: RT-Linux and RTAI.

The latter was chosen since it presented a better support for

object-oriented programming tasks.

3) Network

The PMUs and PDC are connected by ethernet using the

Internet network. The Internet connection was chosen due to

its availability and the facilities provided to manage the PMUs

remotely. The phasors are sent by the PMUs using the UDP/IP

protocol and the remote administration is performed by theSSH (Security Shell) application.

Figure 2 shows the phasors loss (in percentage) in a typical

workday (Tuesday). The worse period is about midday when

up to 2% of the data sent did not arrive at the PDC. The same

behavior was found in all weekdays. In holidays and

weekends the data loss is almost 0%. The measured

transmission delay in the Internet is about 130 ms. In the local

100 Mbps Ethernet network (LabPlan network) this delay falls

to 30 ms. These results support the choice of the Internet for

the MedFasee project purposes.


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Fig. 2. Network performance (data lost in percentage).

4) Database

The database is an independent process in the PDC and it is

accessed by the storage routines through specific database

functions [4]. The external applications are connected directly

to the database. The database structure was designed to

facilitate the data access and stores up to seven days of

continuous data of all PMUs in the power system. Thedatabase is circular; new data replaces the oldest data. The

database was implemented using the MySQL software for

GNU/Linux. The MySQL database fulfills the requirements of

the SPMS prototype. However, further studies and

developments on Real Time Databases are necessary to

improve the PDC capacity.

B. Support for Monitoring Applications

Facilities for monitoring applications using the PDC

phasors were developed and implemented. These facilities are

divided in two modules [14]:

1) Real Time Module

This module supports the monitoring of real time data provided by the PDC. The application shows the real-time

phasors arriving in the PDC.

2) On-Line Module

This module allows the monitoring of the phasors kept in

the PDC database. The main screen allows access to the

database and graphics plotting. This screen enables the user to

choose which phasors he wants to observe. One of the phasors

can be chosen as the system reference. The user can still

choose which measurements to observe: voltage magnitude,

voltage angle or frequency. Due to the characteristics of this

module it was developed in Matlab. This environment

facilitates the development of graphical applications and the

mathematical treatment.

C. SPMS Architecture

The architecture of the SPMS system is divided in four

main layers:

1) Data acquisition: The PMUs are located in strategic

points to measure voltage and current. The phasors are

calculated and sent to the PDC.

2) Data Management: The phasors sent by the PMUs are

correlated in a uniform data stream.

3) Data Services: This layer includes the set of services

required for supplying data for the different applications.

4) Applications: This is the layer where the monitoring,

control and protection applications are executed.

In the Figure 3, the overview of the SPMS architecture is

presented.

Fig. 3. SPMS Architecture of the MedFasee Project.

III. PMU PROTOTYPE PERFORMANCE TESTS

As shown in Figure 3, the PMUs are located in the first

layer of the SPMS architecture and they are responsible for

the phasors determination. The performance of this

component is crucial for the performance of any SPMS in

monitoring and control applications. For monitoring

applications, if the measurements do not represent the real

power system state an operator, who is using a SPMS tomonitor the power system variation, could make wrong

decisions. For control applications, especially in emergency

control, there is not much time to take into account

measurement errors.

The main application reported in this paper, presented in

the next section, concerns power system monitoring. To

ensure the reliability of the data obtained by the SPMS, it

was necessary to verify the performance of the PMU

prototype under normal and abnormal conditions. The goal of

the tests presented in this section is simply to validate the data

obtained by the PMUs and not to test the performance of the

prototype against any commercial PMU currently available.

The Synchrophasors Standard IEEE 1344-1995 [15] does

not specify PMU performance tests. The new Synchrophasors

Standard PC 37.118 [16] defines measurement requirements,

compliance verification and accuracy, but at the time that the

tests were performed it was under revision. Discussions

promoted by PRTT on this issue [8] show that further work

needs to be done in this area. However for evaluating the

reliability of data acquired by the prototype PMUs tests based

on [7] were realized.


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A. Test Settings

As remarked in section II, the PMUs prototypes measure

the instantaneous three-phase distribution voltage. Therefore

the tests realized in this work emphasized the performance of

the voltage measurement under nominal and off-nominal

conditions using the modern test sets. Two main tests were set

up as follows.

B. Balanced three phase voltages at nominalfrequency

This test compares the performance of the PMU under

balanced three phase voltage conditions in a range from 10%

to 120% of the nominal voltage rating in steps of 10% at

nominal frequency. For every voltage step a three second

window of data was aligned according to the time stamp

provided by each PMU unit. The aligned phasor magnitudes

were compared against a reference value measured at every

voltage step using certificate measuring instruments. The

following results only measure accuracy with respect to the

instruments used. In Figure 4 the deviation of the

measurement phasor magnitude with respect to the reference

value is shown.

These results shows that the phasor magnitudes measured

by the PMU presents a satisfactory performance with errors

lower than 0.35% with respect to the reference value.

-0,35%

-0,30%

-0,25%

-0,20%

-0,15%

-0,10%

-0,05%

0,00%

0,05%

0,10%

0,15%

1 0% 2 0% 3 0% 4 0% 5 0% 6 0% 7 0% 8 0% 9 0% 1 00 % 1 10 % 1 20 %

Voltage %

Error

Fig. 4. Absolute error in magnitude.

Figure 5 shows the phase difference between the measured

data and the reference.

C. Unbalanced (single phase) voltage at off-

nominal frequencyThis test is intended to evaluate the performance of the

PMU under unbalanced and off-nominal frequency operation.

The unbalanced condition is simulated by applying a single-

phase voltage (phase A) to the PMU unit. The frequency is

varied in a range between 55 and 65 Hz. The variation of the

phasor magnitude with respect to the off-nominal frequency is

shown in Figure 6.

From this figure it can be concluded that the phasor

magnitude measured by PMU is not significantly affected by

off-nominal frequencies in the range 55 and 65 Hz. The tests

carried out in this section show that the characteristics of

PMU prototype ensure the reliability of the results described

in the next section.

-0,12

-0,1

-0,08

-0,06

-0,04

-0,02

0

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

1 0% 20 % 3 0% 4 0% 50 % 6 0% 7 0% 80 % 9 0% 1 00 % 11 0% 1 20 %

Voltage %

Degrees

Fig. 5. Phase shift with respect to the reference.

-0,020%

-0,015%

-0,010%

-0,005%

0,000%

0,005%

0,010%

0,015%

0,020%

0,025%

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

Frequency

Error

Fig. 6. Magnitude error under off-nominal frequency.

IV. SPMS PROTOTYPE PERFORMANCE

The development of phasor measurement applications for

monitoring is part of the MedFasee project. This section

describes the SPMS prototype performance under normal and

abnormal operating conditions using the software applications

developed in the MedFasee project.

A. Monitoring and Analysis of Frequency

OscillationsSeveral examples of frequency oscillations monitoring in

the Southern Brazil 60 Hz power system based on measured

data from the SPMS prototype were monitored. Two

weekdays were chosen to be show in the paper.

In Figure 7, the behavior of voltage frequency measured by

the PMU in Curitiba at heavy load (between 21h and

21h30min), is presented. Periods of 30 minutes, on

Wednesday 30/11/2005, and on Thursday 31/11/2005, were

analyzed. This graphics shows frequency oscillations with

large magnitude in periods of heavy load.


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Fig. 7. Curitiba, Frequency Voltage.

In Figure 8, the frequency spectrum of the system

frequency, at the heavy load period, is shown.

Fig. 8. Curitiba, Frequency Spectrum.

An oscillation mode near 0.02Hz, corresponding to a

period of approximately 50 seconds, can be observed. This

mode appears with evidence in all load periods (heavy,

medium, low). The use of the phasors obtained from the

SPMS prototype allows many analyses in real time, including

the identification of oscillation modes, using system real data,

without the need of simulations with complex models.

1) Disturbance Detection Outage of a 765kV

Transmission Line

An important disturbance was registered by the SPMS

prototype in October 04, 2005. At 20h38min, the circuit two

of a three circuits of the 765 kV transmission line

Itaipu/Ivaipor (shown in Figure 9) was tripped.

Fig. 9. Brazil South/Southeast Power System.

At 20h40min, circuits one and three of the same line were

tripped. This caused the loss of 13 generators including 8

Itaipu generators, with a total generation shedding of 6,920

MW. There was a disconnection between the

Northern/Southern and Southeastern/Northeastern regions of

the Brazilian System. The first stage of the SPS (SpecialProtection Scheme) was activated with load shedding of

approximately 2,842 MW. Figure 10 shows the frequency

evolution from 20h35min until 21h00min.

Fig. 10. Voltage frequency at three locations.

Figure 10 shows that at 20h40min26s the frequency started

to fall reaching the minimum value of 58.25Hz in Porto

Alegre, at 20h40min30s. The frequency recovery started at

20h40min33s and at about 20h43min33s the frequencyreached 59.6 Hz. At approximately 20h56min the frequency

returned to the nominal value. To show the SPMS prototype

capability, it is shown, in Figure 11, the moment where circuit

two (Itaipu/Ivaipor) was tripped and the subsequent attempt

to reconnect the circuit.


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Fig. 11. Voltage frequencies zoom.

At 21h06min, all loads and the Northern/Southern

Interconnection were restored. At 21h30 min, circuit one

(Itaipu/Ivaipor) was reconnected. However, at 21h52min,circuit one was tripped again and it was followed by a

generation tripping of 1,800 MW in Itaipu. In this disturbance

there was no load shedding and the protection scheme kept all

circuits of the Itaipu/Ivaipor line open. The frequency

evolution of this disturbance is shown in Figure 12.

Fig. 12. Voltage frequency evolution in the second Itaipu disturbance.

Figure 12 shows that at 21h50min50s the frequency started

to fall reaching the minimum value of 58.4Hz. After threeminutes the frequency returned to the nominal value.

2) Disturbance Detection Outage of a 230 kV Substation

On August 23, 2005, at 14h43min58s, part of an important

230 kV substation (Cidade Industrial), in Porto Alegre, was

tripped. This disturbance resulted in a tripping of seven 230

kV lines, generation shedding of 215 MW and a load

shedding of 38 MW. The loss of these components caused

under voltage in the southernmost state area.

Figure 13 shows the Brazilian System frequency calculated

from the angular variation registered at the PMU located in

Florianopolis. At 14h43min50s, an oscillatory process started

in the frequency leading to an over frequency of 60.178 Hz,

eight seconds after the disturbance (14h43min58s). The

frequency returned to the nominal value approximately three

minutes after the disturbance start, at 14h47min.

Fig. 13. Voltage frequency evolution at Florianpolis.

In Figure 14, the angular difference between the voltages

measured by the PMUs installed in Curitiba and in

Florianpolis, during the disturbance, is shown. The fast

oscillations during the disturbance can be observed again. The

angular difference between the points fell to approximately

1.8 degrees as a result of the active power flow redistribution

in the network.

Fig. 14. Angular difference between Florianpolis and Curitiba.

The data sent by the PMU located in Porto Alegre, during

the disturbance, did not arrive at the PDC as a consequence of

an Internet connection failure between UFSC and PUCRS.

The failure duration was of approximately 1 minute, although

the PMU kept registering the data since it was connected to a

no-break system. In Figure 15 the voltage magnitude

monitored by the PMU in Porto Alegre is shown. The


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disturbance caused an over voltage that was only partially

observed due to the Internet connection failure.

Fig. 15. Voltage magnitude at Porto Alegre.

V. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTSThe prototype described in this paper has been working for

a year monitoring variables of Southern Brazil system during

normal and abnormal conditions.

Although the prototype was installed in the distribution

system, many transmission system phenomenons could be

observed. However, the connection at the distribution system

level makes the analysis more complex since transient

components due to switching in the distribution system add to

frequency components associated to power oscillations at the

transmission system level. Therefore, the next phase of the

project comprises the installation and tests of a SPMS in the

EHV (Extra High Voltage) Brazilian transmission system.Monitoring applications were giving special attention in

this paper. However other applications are being developed

such as model improvement of power system components

using SPMS, fault location, emergency control and control

applications aiming the small-disturbance angle stability.

VI. CONCLUSIONS

This paper described the performance of a SPMS prototype

developed by the MedFasee project. The PMUs were installed

in geographically distant cities of Southern Brazil.

Performance tests were realized and have shown that the

PMUs are able to monitor power system disturbances under

normal and abnormal conditions.

Performance results of SPMS under Internet have shown

its capability in providing network connection for SPMS. The

Internet has proved a good choice for the project but

reliability can be an issue for industrial applications. The use

of private networks by the utilities can be a reliable

alternative.

Monitoring of normal and abnormal conditions were

accomplished by the SPMS prototype. The measured data

allowed the analysis of the low-voltage frequency and

identification of a natural oscillation mode with a period of

approximately 50 seconds in the Brazilian Interconnected

system. The prototype robustness was tested with the capture

of important power system disturbances. The disturbances

were registered with high precision and enabled the analysis

of the disturbance effects at specific points of the low-voltage

system.

Finally, the paper results indicate that it is possible to

obtain important information on power system dynamics usingSPMS connected at low-voltage and Internet. The authors

believe that the evolution of this technology could make the

system operating conditions available to the wider public.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of

Professor F. Neves, from CEFET-PR, and Professors F. B.

Lemos and A. Manzoni, from PUCRS, and their laboratory

staff for their cooperation to support PMUs installation.

VIII. REFERENCES

[1] J Karlsson, D. Hemmingsson, M. and Lindahl, S., "Wide Area SystemMonitoring and Control," IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 2,

pp. 68-76, Sep. 2004.

[2] R. Klump, R. E. Wilson, and K. E. Martin, Visualizing Real-Time

Security Threats Using hybrid SCADA/PMU Measurement Displays

Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System

Sciences, Hawaii, U.S.A. 2005.

[3] B. Bharat, G. Rodriguez, Monitoring the Power Grid Transmission

and Distribution World Magazine, pp. 28-34, Dec. 2004.

[4] I. C. Decker, et al.: Synchronized Phasor Measurement System:

Development and Applications,IX Symposium of Specialists in Electric

Operational and Expansion Planning SEPOPE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,

May, 2004.

[5] C. Martinez, M. Parashar, J. Dyer, J. Coroas, Phasor Data Requiments;

Real Time Wide-Area Monitoring, Control and Protection, Consortium

for Electricity Realiability Technology Solutions (CERTS)., Tech.

Report., Jan. 2005.[6] M. Donnelly, P. Barber, and J. Dyer, Progress Toward a High-Speed

Data Network for the Eastern Interconnection The Eastern

Interconnection Phasor Project. pp. 1-6. EIPP.

[7] J. Depablos, V. Centeno, A. G. Phadke, M. Ingram, "Comparative

Testing of Synchronized Phasor Measurements Units," Power

Engineering Society General Meeting, vol. 1, pp. 948-954, Jun. 2004.

[8] EIPP [Online]. Available:

http://phasors.pnl.gov/resources_performance.html

[9] A. Akke, D. Karlsson, Phasor Measurement Applications in

Scandinavia in Proc. 2002 Transmission and Distribution Conference

and Exhibition IEEE Asia Pacific, pp. 480-484.

[10] K. K. Yi, , J. B. Choo, S. H. Yoon, Development of Wide Area

Measurement and Dynamic Security Assessment Systems in Koreain

Proc. 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, pp.

1495-1499.

[11] C. W. Liu, Phasor Measurement Applications in Taiwan inProc 2002.

Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition - IEEE - Asia

Pacific, pp. 490-493.

[12] Y. Min, Phasor Measurement Applications in China in Proc. 2002

Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition - IEEE - Asia

Pacific, pp. 485-489.

[13] M. Hojo, et al.: Observation of Frequency Oscillation in Western Japan

60 Hz Power System Based on Multiple Synchronized Phasor

Measurements. Power Tech Conference Proceedings. IEEE Bologna,

Italy. 2003.

[14] I. C. Decker, et al., Phasor Measurement Development and

Applications in Brazil, presented in First International Conference in

Electrical Engineering. Coimbra, Portugal, 2005.

[15] IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems, IEEE Standard

1344-1995, 1995.


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[16] IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems, IEEE Standard

PC37.118-2005, Jun. 2005. (under revision)

IX. BIOGRAPHIES

Ildemar Cassana Decker received his B. Sc. from the Catholic University of

Pelotas, RS., Brazil. He obtained his M.Sc. (1984) and D.Sc. (1993) degrees in

Electrical Engineering from Federal University of Santa Catarina and Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil, respectively. From 1980 to 1985 he worked in Federal

University of Santa Maria, RS. Since 1985 he has been Associate Professor ofthe Federal University of Santa Catarina, in Department of Electrical

Engineering. His general research interest is in the area of computer methods

for power systems analysis and control and high performance scientific

computing.

Daniel Dotta received his B. Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Electrical Engineering

from the Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC., Brazil. Since 2004 he has

been developing his Ph.D. in Federal University of Santa Catarina, in

Department of Electrical Engineering. His general research interest is in the

area of modeling and object-oriented programming for power systems analysis

and control and high performance scientific computing.

Marcelo Neujhar Agostini received his degree in Electrical Engineering

from Federal University of Santa Maria in 1996. He worked as a research

engineer at the same institution before starting postgraduate studies. He

obtained his D.Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Federal

University of Santa Catarina in 2002. Currently he works at this university as

a researcher engineer. His general research interest are phasor measurements,

software engineering applied to Electric Power Systems, Object-Oriented

Modeling, Electric Power Systems Modeling, Electric Power Systems

Dynamics and High Performance Scientific Computing.

Sergio Luiz Zimath received his degree in Automation and Control

Engineering from Federal University of Santa Catarina in 1997. Since 1995,

he has been with Reason Technology where he was responsible for the

development of the Digital Fault Recorder model RPIV, GPS Based time

references among other products. Since 2005 he is in charge of the Research

Projects Department, involved in the study of new technologies.

Aguinaldo Silveira e Silva received his degree in Electrical Engineering from

Federal University of Parana in 1977, and the M.Sc. and Ph.D degrees in

Electrical Engineering from Federal University of Santa Catarina, in 1982 and

UMIST, UK, in 1990, respectively. Since 1980, he has been with Federal

University of Santa Catarina. His main research interests are in the area of

power systems dynamics and control applications.

phasor mesurement system in brazil

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