phd confirmation

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creat i ve n d ustr i es i http://creativeindustries.qut.com CRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.net http://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / / From Discussion to Action Enabling Political Change with Citizen Media Barry Saunders

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slides from my phd confirmation

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Page 1: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

From Discussion to Action

Enabling Political Change with

Citizen Media

Barry Saunders

Page 2: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Duty Calls

http://xkcd.com/386/Used under Creative Commons

Attribution Non-commercial 2.5

License

Page 3: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

My background

Student media / community radio

Brisbane Indymedia

Activist media

Vibewire

National Student Media Conference

NewStandardNews

Page 4: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Opportunities in citizen journalism

ARC Linkage Project

QUT, SBS, Online Opinion, Brisbane

Institute, Cisco Systems

http://youdecide2007.org

http://qlddecides.com

Hyperlocal citizen journalism

Page 5: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

http://www.penny-arcade.com/comic/2004/03/19

The Indymedia Experience

Page 6: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

The problem

Lots of discussion of e-democracy, tends

towards IT implementation and corporate

solutions

Lots of discussion of citizen journalism -

primarily about threats to journalism,

professional identity

Page 7: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Research questions

What shape does online political discussion

take?

How are political actors leveraging their online

presence through citizen journalism to build

issue publics?

How is citizen journalism being used to bring

citizens in the political process? Is it making a

difference?

Page 8: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

History

Revolutionary democratising technology

Just like handicam, radio, telegraph,

print…

Vision of a utopian fifth estate that kept

tabs on the fourth estate, death of

mainstream media, lower costs to entry

Page 9: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Reality

Power laws affect readership and

popularity

Massive costs to entry

Popular political blogs dominated by

media professionals and people with

doctorates - economists, lawyers,

scientists, IT professionals

Page 10: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

USA situation

Online engagement in the USA seems to

encourage ‘chronic participators’ to

continue to engage, not necessarily new

people - except in the area of political

donations

Has made interventions into politics - Ron

Paul, Hillary Clinton, Trent Lott

Page 11: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Australian situation

Less emphasis on personality politics

Tight party control

No presidential race with associated need

for massive fundraising

Culture wars not as virulent

Page 12: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Concerns

Is there an online public sphere, or cyber-balkinisation?

Echo chamber?

Creation of issue networks, publicspheroids?

Does political discussion lead to politicalaction?

Page 13: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

The blogging experience

http://www.wellingtongrey.net/miscellanea/archive/2007-04-08--infinite-loop.html

Page 14: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Common terms

Citizen media

Citizen journalism

Blogging

Issue network

Public sphere

Public spheroid

E-democracy

E-participation

Page 15: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Framing concepts

Journalism as the sense-making practice

of modernity (Hartley 1996)

Journalism as a human right (Hartley

2006)

Page 16: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Journalism as a human right

Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human

Rights (UDHR)

Article 19: Everyone has the right to freedom of

opinion and expression; this right includes

freedom to hold opinions without interference

and to seek, receive and impart information and

ideas through any media and regardless of

frontiers (UN 1948)

Page 17: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Journalism as sense-making practice of

modernity

Notion of liquid modernity (Bauman,Deuze)

‘Zombie journalism’ (Deuze)

Journalism as a work in progress (Hartley)

If journalism is the sense making practiceof modernity, is citizen journalism thesense making practice of late modernity?

Page 18: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Deliberative democracy

Deliberative democracya form of government in which free and equal citizens ..

justify decisions in a process in which they give one

another reasons that are mutually acceptable and

general accessible

(Guttman and Thompson 2004)

Page 19: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

The media as public sphere

…the media have become the socialspace where power is decided.

What does not exist in the media does not exist inthe public mind, even if it could have a fragmentedpresence in individual minds.

(Castells 2007)

Page 20: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Literature

Primarily about the decline of quality journalism

Is it the case?

Numerous really important stories published,

little or no reaction

Possibly a recognition by politicians of the

limited power of the press outside of the election

cycle

Page 21: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

The computer wore menace

shoes - the SimpsonsKent: A new Internet watchdog is creating a stir in Springfield.

Mr. "X", if that is real name, has come up with a

sensational scoop.

Homer: [watching at home] Darn tooting!

Kent: But we must never forget that the real news is on local

TV, delivered by real officially licensed newsmen, like

me, Kent Brockman. Coming up: how do they get those

dogs to talk on the beer commercials? [a reporter in a big

cowboy hat appears] Cowboy Steve will tell you!

Page 22: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Blogging as journalism

Redactive journalism

Journalism made of editing

Problem of too much information rather

than not enough, so explanatory

journalism becomes more important

Role of specialists - psephologists,

statisticians, forensic accountants

Page 23: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Models of citizen journalism

1. Opening articles up to feedback

2. Citizen add-on reporter

3. Open-source or participatory reporting

4. The citizen bloghouse

5. Newsroom citizen 'transparency' blogs

6. The stand-alone citizen-journalism site: Edited version

7. The stand-alone citizen-journalism site: Unedited version

8. Add a print edition

9. pro-am hybrid

10. integrating citizen and professional journalism

11. wiki journalism, or readers as editors(Outing, 2005)

Page 24: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

The public sphere

Is online interaction discussion?

Do people engage with other perspectives or

simply solidify / refine existing perspectives?

Do these create issue networks?

Does discussion take place in public spheroids?

Do issue publics form, and if so, how?

Assumptions of good faith and reason

Page 25: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Youtube

http://xkcd.com/202/Used under Creative Commons

Attribution Non-commercial 2.5

License

Page 26: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

E-government and e-democracy

E-government - government servicedelivery online

Used by repressive states, does notnecessarily lead to democratisation

Much of the literature about ITimplementation and corporate solutions

My interested is e-democracy as e-participation

Page 27: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Methodology

Triangulation of network analysis, textual

analysis, participant interviews

Network analysis with Issuecrawler /

Vosun

Textual analysis with Leximancer

Semi-structured participant interviews

Page 28: PhD Confirmation

c r e a t i v e nd u s t r i e si

http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Issuecrawler

Crawls network via seed URLs

Have control over URL depth

Can be used to find issue networks, track

one- and two-way links

Raw crawl data available for further

analysis

Page 29: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Leximancer

Automated textual analysis tool

Can analyse large amounts of textual data

in various formats

Can be tweaked to avoid erroneous terms

Renders useful concept maps

Page 30: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Interviews

Semi-structured interview

Participant perspectives

Why do they participate?

Does it affect their political thinking?

Does it affect their political engagement?

Page 31: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Preliminary case studies

2020 summit

Indigenous apology

Leximancer and Issuecrawler analysis

Page 32: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Issuecrawler

Page 33: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

2020 network

Blogs.com.au

Google search from manually edited list ofAustralian blogs

(Google has odd behaviours regardinggeographical location)

‘2020 summit’ as the search string

First 50 results used as seed URLs and articlesas source data for Leximancer

Page 34: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

2020 detail

Page 35: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

2020 reference

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

2020 social network resources

Page 37: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

2020 Leximancer 58% theme size

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Indigenous apology

Same methodology

Search string “Australian Apology

Aboriginals”

Page 39: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Apology network

Page 40: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Indigenous central blogs

Page 41: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

outer cluster

Page 42: PhD Confirmation

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

Indigenous Leximancer 68% theme size

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http://creativeindustries.qut.comCRICOS No. 00213J http://investigativeblog.nethttp://investigativeblog.net / / / / / / / /

44% theme size44% theme size

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Final thoughts

Utilising the Leximancer and Issuecrawler toolsto map discussion of an issue seems to givesome useful results. Much work is needed to diginto exactly what the results mean and how theycan be used to map discussion; I also need toutilise the time parameter (available within theLeximancer tool) to map how an issue developsover time. While these results still undevelopedand quite simple, the process shows promise.