Taxonomical, Ecophysiological and Taxonomical, Ecophysiological and Phytochemical Studies Phytochemical Studies

onon Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. L.

and and Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. (Sw.) DC.

Presented byPresented by

Fatma AbdFatma Abd--Allah Mohamed HamadaAllah Mohamed Hamada

Supervised bySupervised by

ProfProf. . Mohamed GMohamed G. . Sheded ProfSheded Prof. . Arafa I. Arafa I. HamedHamed

Prof. of Plant Ecology Prof. of Plant Ecology Prof. of Prof. of PhytochemistryPhytochemistry

Botany Department Botany Botany Department Botany DepartmentDepartment Faculty of Faculty of Science Science

Faculty ofFaculty of Science Science AswanAswan University Aswan University University Aswan University

Late DrLate Dr. . Abdel Samai MAbdel Samai M. . ShaheenShaheenAssistant ProfAssistant Prof. . ofof Taxonomy and FloraTaxonomy and Flora

Botany DepartmentBotany DepartmentFaculty ofFaculty of Science atScience at AswanAswan

AswanAswan UniversityUniversity

DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE, DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE, OF ASWANOF ASWAN UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OFUNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYASWAN UNIVERSITYASWAN UNIVERSITY

Part 1Part 1

Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. L.

Local DistributionLocal Distribution

Shoot

Another shoot

A B

Vertical main root

Underground lateral connection

Shoot

Underground lateral connection (root lateral)

A) A) Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Root L. Root . .

A) A) Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Middle-Aged Root. B) Old Root L. Middle-Aged Root. B) Old Root (Bar = 0.05 mm)(Bar = 0.05 mm)..

AB

B

C

D

E

F

A

Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Stem L. Stem

Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Trichomes L. Trichomes

A B

Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. Leaf L. Leaf

A

C D

B

Solanum diphyllum Solanum diphyllum L. PetioleL. Petiole

Analysis of Different MetabolitesAnalysis of Different Metabolites

Solanum diphyllum Solanum diphyllum L. StomataL. Stomata

A B

Solanum diphyllum Solanum diphyllum L.L. Pollen GrainPollen Grain

Solanum diphyllum Solanum diphyllum L. SeedL. Seed

In vitroIn vitro Cytotoxicity Test Cytotoxicity Test

Using SBR AssayUsing SBR Assay Roo

t

Shoot

Fruit

PhytochemicalPhytochemical

11 H-NMR Spectrum of Compound H-NMR Spectrum of Compound 11 (600 MHz) (600 MHz)..

1313C-NMR Spectrum of Compound C-NMR Spectrum of Compound 11 (100 MHz) (100 MHz)..

Structure of CompoundStructure of Compound 1 1..

(3 – O - {[α - L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-[α - L -rhamnopyranosyl- (1→2)]- β - D-glucopyranosyl} - (25R) furost -5- en- 3β, 22α, 26- triol -26- β- D- glucopyranoside).

11 H-NMR Spectrum of Compound H-NMR Spectrum of Compound 22 (600 MHz) (600 MHz)..

1313C-NMR Spectrum of Compound C-NMR Spectrum of Compound 22 (100 MHz) (100 MHz)..

Structure of Compound Structure of Compound 22. .

(3 – O - {[α - L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-[α - L -rhamnopyranosyl- (1→2)]- β - D-glucopyranosyl} - (25R) furost -5- en- 3β, 22α, 26- triol -26- β- D- glucopyranoside).

Full Mass Spectra for Compound 3 and 4 Using ESI Full Mass Spectra for Compound 3 and 4 Using ESI (Electro Spray Ionization)(Electro Spray Ionization)..

11 H-NMR Spectrum of Compound H-NMR Spectrum of Compound 33 (500 MHz) (500 MHz)..

1313 C-NMR Spectrum of Compound C-NMR Spectrum of Compound 33 (100 MHz) (100 MHz)..

Detection of Solanum diphyllum L. Root Compounds Using Different Reagents on the Preparative TLC.

Mass spectra for compound Mass spectra for compound 55 using ESI using ESI..

Structure of Compound Structure of Compound 55..

3 – O - (β – D – glucopyranosyl) etioline [ (25S) - 22, 26 – epimino - 3β - ( β – D -glucopyrranosyloxy) cholesta – 5 , 22 (N) – dien – 16 α - ol)] (C33H53O7N).

Mass spectra for compound Mass spectra for compound 66 using ESI using ESI..

Structure of Compound Structure of Compound 66..

3 – O - (β – D – glucoronic acid) etioline [(25S)-22, 26 – epimino - 3β - (β-D-glucopyrranosyloxy) cholesta-5, 22 (N)-dien-16α-ol)] (C33H53O8N )

EcophysiologicalEcophysiological

Effect of Light on Germination percentage ofEffect of Light on Germination percentage of Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. under Different Light Periods L. under Different Light Periods

Effect of Temperature on Germination Percentage of Effect of Temperature on Germination Percentage of SolanumSolanum

diphyllumdiphyllum L. Seeds at the End of the Experiment Period L. Seeds at the End of the Experiment Period

Effect of Soil Texture Type and Planting Depth onEffect of Soil Texture Type and Planting Depth on S. S.

diphyllumdiphyllum L. Seed GerminationL. Seed Germination..

The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000, and NaCl on The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000, and NaCl on

Seed Germination of Seed Germination of Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L L..

The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000, The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000,

and NaCl onand NaCl on Root/Shoot Ratio ofRoot/Shoot Ratio of S. diphyllumS. diphyllum L L..

Analysis of Certain Analysis of Certain Metabolites ofMetabolites of

Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum L. L.

SeedsSeeds

PART 2PART 2 Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum

Local DistributionLocal Distribution

Different Shapes of Desmodium tortuosum Root.

T.S in T.S in Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Root Root..

T.S inT.S in Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Stem Stem

T.S inT.S in Desmodium tortuosum Desmodium tortuosum PulvinusPulvinus

T.S inT.S in Desmodium tortuosum Desmodium tortuosum PetiolePetiole

Desmodium Desmodium tortuosum tortuosum TrichomesTrichomes

Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Pollen GrainPollen Grain

Stomata onStomata on D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Leaf Leaf

T.S inT.S in D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Leaf Leaf..

Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Fruit Fruit.. A

B C

Desmodium tortuosum Desmodium tortuosum SeedSeed..

In vitroIn vitro Cytotoxicity Test Cytotoxicity Test Using SBR AssayUsing SBR Assay

Screening for Antimicrobial Activity

Screening for Antimicrobial Activity

Antimicrobial Activity as Mean Zone of Inhibition (mm ± SD) Antimicrobial Activity as Mean Zone of Inhibition (mm ± SD) of the Tested of the Tested Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Extract Samples Against Extract Samples Against

the Tested Microorganismsthe Tested Microorganisms..

Antimicrobial Activity as MICs (μg/ml) of Tested Antimicrobial Activity as MICs (μg/ml) of Tested Desmodium Desmodium

tortuosumtortuosum Extract Samples Against Tested Microorganisms Extract Samples Against Tested Microorganisms..

PhytochemicalPhytochemical

11H-NMR Spectrum of Compound H-NMR Spectrum of Compound 11′′..

Mass Spectrum of Compound 1Mass Spectrum of Compound 1′′..

Structure ofStructure of Compound Compound 11. . ′′

7-methoxy- apegenin- 6-C- glucopyranosyl-O- β- (2″→1‴)- glucopyranoside (Spinosin).

Mass Spectrum of Compound 2Mass Spectrum of Compound 2′′..

Preliminary Structure ofPreliminary Structure of Compound Compound 22. . ′′

Spirosolane-3-O-glycopyranoside

EcophysiologicalEcophysiological

Germination Percentage atGermination Percentage at Seed Seed Different Pre-Different Pre-Treatment Methods Treatment Methods ( Release of Dormancy).( Release of Dormancy).

D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Seed Structure Seed Structure A) Cuticle Layer and the Proposed Cracks in theA) Cuticle Layer and the Proposed Cracks in the D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Seed Seed

Epidermis.Epidermis.

B) Hilum, Micopyle and Strophiolar Fissure of B) Hilum, Micopyle and Strophiolar Fissure of D. tortuosumD. tortuosum Seed. Seed.

Effect of Temperature on Effect of Temperature on Desmodium tortuosumDesmodium tortuosum Seed GerminationSeed Germination..

Germination Percentage of Germination Percentage of D. tortuosumD. tortuosum under under Different Light PeriodsDifferent Light Periods..

SeedSeed Germination Percentages of Germination Percentages of D. tortuosumD. tortuosum in in Different Soil Types and Soil DepthsDifferent Soil Types and Soil Depths

The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000 and The Effect of Different Concentrations of PEG 6000 and NaCl on Seed Germination of NaCl on Seed Germination of D. tortuosumD. tortuosum..

Analysis of Certain Metabolites in Analysis of Certain Metabolites in D. tortuosumD. tortuosum SeedSeed

PublicationsPublications

PublicationsPublications

AcknowledgementsMy gratitude to all whose support has contributed to

this work.

it is your turn, guys!it is your turn, guys! NowNow,,

Thank you very much for your attention, and hopefully you enjoyed it.

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