phenolresorcinolcatechol structures physical properties: state color odor solid, crystalline. solid,...
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OH
PhenolPhenol ResorcinolResorcinol CatecholCatechol
Structures
Physical properties:Physical properties:
State
Color
Odor
OH OH
OH
OH
OH
Solid, crystalline.
Solid, flaky. Solid, fine powder.
White Buff gray
Phenolic odor Characteristic odor
Ignition test (Dry heat test):Ignition test (Dry heat test):
Inflammability
Change in appearance
Change in color flame
Change in odor
Residue
CommentComment
All soluble in H2O
Solubility:Solubility:
L.p.: No change
Comment Comment All the compounds are neutral
All inflammable, luminous, smoky
All melting
All no change in color flame
All on change in odor
All no residue
All the compounds are aromatic
PhenolPhenol ResorcinolResorcinol CatecholCatechol
Preliminary test:Preliminary test:Soda lime
On cold:
On hot:
30% NaOH
On cold:
On hot:
FeCl3
On cold:
On hot:
Conc. H2SO4
On cold:
On hot:
Penolic odor No reaction
Not done Penolic odor
No reaction for all
No reaction for all
Very diluted phenols + 1– 3 drops FeCl3
violet – blue color Green color which rapidly darkens
Not done for all
No reaction for all
No reaction for all
General class group test for phenols: General class group test for phenols:
Azo – dye formation test ≡ Diazotization test
PhenolPhenol ResorcinolResorcinol CatecholCatechol
1 drop aniline (red color) + dil.HCl (until dissolve) + NaNO2 (sod. Nitrite solution) until faint pale yellow color(1) {Diazonium salt formed}
It is unstable because that we must put it in ice, without ice it will decompose
few phenol + 10% NaOH (until phenol dissolved)
(2)
Add (1) on (2) gradually
((Azo – dye formation))Orange – red color or ppt
NoNo azo – dye form {Decomposition, dark purple color}
Because the presence of hydroxyl gp near to each other
PhenolPhenol ResorcinolResorcinol CatecholCatechol
Specific test:Specific test:
Phthalein test
Phenol + phthalic anhydride + 4 drops Conc. H2SO4 cool Dry test tubeDry test tube pour in beaker containing fussion
20 ml 10% NaOH
Pink color Due to phenol
phthaline ((indicator))
Green fluorescence H2O
Fluorescence
Blue color Due to Alizarin
indicator