philippine conference in higher education rresearch

Agusan del Sur School of Arts and TradeAklan State UniversityAsian College of Science and TechnologyBataan Peninsula State UniversityBohol Island State University Brokenshire CollegeBukidnon State UniversityCapitol UniversityCarlos Hilado Memorial State CollegeCebu Normal UniversityCentral Mindanao UniversityCor Jesu CollegeDavao Central CollegeDavao Doctors CollegeFather Saturnino Urios UniversityHoly Cross of Davao CollegeHoly Name UniversityIligan Medical Center CollegeJohn B. Lacson Colleges Foundation – BacolodJohn B. Lacson Colleges Foundation –Arevalo John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime UniversityJose Rizal Memorial State UniversityLa Consolacion College – BacolodLa Salle UniversityLiceo de Cagayan UniversityLyceum of the Philippines UniversityMaritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College of Medical Arts Foundation, Inc.Mindanao University of Science and TechnologyMisamis UniversityMountain View CollegeNotre Dame of Dadiangas UniversityNotre Dame of Kidapawan CollegeNotre Dame of Marbel UniversityOur Lady of Fatima UniversityPampanga Agricultural CollegeRomblon State UniversitySaint Joseph Institute of Technology San Pedro CollegeSouthern Christian CollegeSurigao del Sur State UniversitySurigao Education CenterSurigao State College of TechnologyUniversidad de ZamboangaUniversity of BoholUniversity of MindanaoUniversity of Northern PhilippinesUniversity of San Jose RecoletosUniversity of the CordillerasUniversity of the Immaculate ConceptionWesleyan UniversityXavier University – Ateneo de CagayanUniversity of Cebu

Philippine Association of Institutions For Research (PAIR)Member Institutions and Universities

Philippine Conference on Higher Education Research (PCHER) 2012Pearlmont Inn, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines •· ISSN: 2094-95292

IAMURE OFFICERS 2011-2013 2

MESSAGES PAIROfficers2011-2015 4

Dr.GenaroV.Japos 5

Dr.ZenaidaG.Gersana 6

Dr.LesleyCasasLubos 8

CONFERENCE KEYNOTE SPEECH Dr.RobertoN.Padua 9

ConferenceProgramme 13

OutstandingFilipinoResearchLeaders2012 15

Concurrent Session Papers

Plenary

Day1-July16 17

Day2-July17 21

Day3-July18 25

ContentsTable of

3Philippine Conference on Higher Education Research (PCHER) 2012

Pearlmont Inn, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines •· ISSN: 2094-9529

PRESIDENTDR. GENARO V. JAPOSLICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY

VICE-PRESIDENTPETRONILA E. FLORENDOUNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

SECRETARYDR. ROLANDO A. ALIMENJOHN B. LACSON FOUNDATION MARITIME UNIVERSITY-MOLO

TREASURERDR. JES B. TIROLUNIVERSITY OF BOHOL

AUDITORDR. JOY B. MIRASOLBUKIDNON STATE UNIVERSITY

PIODR. MERIAN CATAJAY-MANIROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY

PAIR OFFICERS2011-2015


MessageWelcome to the sizzling, scinti llati ng, and pulsati ng City of Cagayan de Oro!

We, at PAIR are delighted the University Presidents, Research Directors, Researchers, and Librarians have come to advance the cause of quality in research and publicati ons. We started the Internati onalizati on

Program for Philippine Research in Higher Educati on in 2010 at the Our Lady of Fati ma University in Valenzuela City. We learned from the gurus of research in the country such as Dr. Isagani Cruz, Dr. Allan Bernardo, and Dr. Reuben Umaly. In three years, the seeds sown have metamorphosed!

The Philippine Associati on of Insti tuti ons for Research, Inc. currently with 53 colleges and universiti es as insti tuti onal members has been certi fi ed aft er two stages of ISO audits by the Anglo Japanese American Registrars, Inc. We are the second ISO Certi fi ed Research Organizati on aft er the Nati onal Research Council of the Philippines which got their certi fi cati on in 2011. The certi fi cati on covers training and journal publicati ons. JPAIR Multi disciplinary Research Journal is the fi rst ISO certi fi ed journal in the Philippines. We are the newest member of Cross Ref USA that implements the Digital Object Identi fi er. JPAIR shall be the fi rst Philippine journal with DOI serial numbers that facilitate linking and citati ons. PAIR is a regional affi liate of the Associati on of Insti tuti onal Research, USA.

The Philippine Conference in Higher Educati on Research bears the theme: “Creati ve Soluti ons for Educati onal Problems in Asia and Beyond the Borders”. We have invited Dr. Roberto N. Padua to expound in this theme in his keynote address. Dr. Padua has helped defi ne the directi on of research in this country and has guided universiti es to accomplish this purpose.

We have provided you with paper presentati ons of completed researches and best practi ces in research and publicati on. Learn from over a dozen plenary papers on various aspects of quality assurance for research and publicati on. We have included librarians to fast track subscripti ons of online scienti fi c journals and e-books for without these, a library becomes a mausoleum of research.

Cagayan de Oro is a City of Golden Friendship and rich in culture, cuisine, and ecotourism. Make your stay a memory to remember.

GENARO V. JAPOSPresident, PAIR



GENARO V. JAPOS

Our warm greeti ngs and congratulati ons to the Philippine Associati on of Insti tuti ons for Research, Inc. led by Dr. Genaro V. Japos, President. You have added another feather in your cap by holding this Philippine

Conference in Higher Educati on Research on July 16, 2012.The theme: “Creati ve Soluti ons for Educati onal Problems in Asia and Beyond

the Borders”, reminds us of the perennial problems plaguing the educati on sector of Asian countries and other nati ons of the world.

This forum off ers alternati ve ways of looking and resolving problems, issues and concerns. We no longer confi ne ourselves to the traditi onal way of problem solving but also the creati ve way. Traditi onal way means meeti ng the problems head on with dual perspecti ves in mind – black and white, good or bad, etc. By creati ve way refers to looking at the problem at hand with an open mind and pondering whether it is a mystery or not, or viewing it from diff erent angles and try to see if the formerly incurable disease, for example, is already curable without realizing it, due to the advancement of science and technology.

The traditi onal problems of basic educati on is always the shortage of classrooms and textbooks, to menti on a few. The usual way of solving the problem of classrooms shortage due to increasing populati on, is to build more schools and classrooms. But looking at the issue closely, it is actually an impossible problem. Simple arithmeti c computati ons would say that even if the country has the money or the politi cal will, it would be impossible to close gap even if the workers would work 24 hours a day, seven days a week, in a given period of ti me. Creati ve interventi ons, therefore, can be done like shortening the number of hours pupils and students would stay in the classrooms and maximizing the existi ng classrooms. This is possible since we are already in the age of mobile communicati on systems, television, computerizati on, internet and connecti vity. We are now having a paradigm shift from building classrooms to re-engineering the curricula.

As to the problem of shortage of textbooks, one immediate and creati ve questi on that comes to mind is: “Do we really need the textbooks?” Great and eff ecti ve teachers in the past never used textbooks, they used visual aids that were familiar to the learners and followers like pointi ng at a fi g tree, looking up at the sparrows, drawing in the sand, and using parables to force them to think rather than spoon feeding them. Students learned much from these jaw-dropping teaching strategies. Or simply re-arranging the present system of distributi ng textbooks, like a secti on will be using the same textbooks of the same authors since every year, here in the Philippines, we purchased textbooks

MessageRepublic of the Philippines Offi ce of the President COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATIONRegion X9000 Cagayan de Oro City


depending on which bidders off er the lowest price not on the ti tle of the books or the authors. Also, experiments have already been conducted regarding the use of the modern gadgets like the iPad in which all the textbooks can be uploaded and the pupils would just read through them. Through these modern wonders, pupils and students would be spared from the backbreaking and disease-causing heavy backpacks and school bags.

But the most criti cal concern in the educati onal system would be higher educati on since this is the last stop of students before entering the world of work. The most intriguing problem besetti ng terti ary educati on is the structural, educati onal, skills and geographic mismatch. Higher Educati on Insti tuti ons (HEIs) might be producing big number of graduates every year but the big questi on is: “Are they the answer to the manpower demands of the industry?” There might be a big supply of graduates to a less demand of manpower by the private and public organizati ons (structural mismatch). There might be a big number of Business Administrati on graduates but there is less demand for them since the industry is already saturated with BSBA graduates (educati onal mismatch). There might be a big number of Informati on Technology graduates but Business Processing Outsourcings (BPOs) are rejecti ng them for they fall short of their requirements of profi ciency in oral communicati on in English (skills mismatch). There might be a lot of Nursing graduates but there is no demand for them in the Philippines but in other countries (geographic mismatch).

This mismatch problem is a worldwide phenomenon. All countries have experiencing mismatch problems since ti me immemorial. But other countries are creati vely solving this problem by embracing the Collaborati ve Scheme, for example. In this arrangement, a constructi on company would shoulder all the expenses of sending to college for example 1,000 engineering students and when they pass the licensure examinati ons all of them will be employed by that sponsoring company. Actually these countries are hitti ng two birds with one stone – helping the poor but deserving students and solving the mismatch problem.

What I have menti oned here are just snapshots of what you may be discussing in this conference. The message of what I would to get across is that a lot of common sense and creati vity would maybe provide us the needed soluti ons and answers to problems, issues and concerns haunti ng the educati onal sector of Asia and other countries. We should not only focus on coming up with the soluti ons but scruti nizing the problems themselves. This is the main reason why we are here in this conference.

Once again, CONGRATULATIONS!

ZENAIDA G. GERSANA, Ph.D., CESO IIIDirector IV



MessageWarm greeti ngs and Congratulati ons to the

Philippine Associati on of Insti tuti ons for Research for holding this Nati onal Conference in Higher

Educati on Research on July 16-18,2012 at Pearlmont Inn, Limketkai Drive, Cagayan de Oro City.

The theme of the event, “ Creati ve Soluti ons for Educati onal Problems in Asia and Beyond the Borders”, is the manifestati on that to envision a goal isto process, to accomplish, to organize the details and strategies and carry it out with skills and right atti tude. A major key in solving the problem is to really force on it, want it, examine it and staying positi ve at every step. Through these, life will cooperate and bring forth soluti ons from all sidesand from within. It is a multi -disciplinary approach of looking for soluti ons.

My warmest congratulati ons to PAIR and its President, Dr. Genaro V. Japos for the 5 years of indefati gable and conti nuous leadership to strengthen the country in the fi eld of research. My sincerest appreciati on to the organizati on.

Once again, CONGRATULATIONS and Mabuhay!

LESLEY CASAS LUBOS, PhDAssociate DirectorLiceo Mindanao Center for Biodiversity and Conservati on (LIMCEBCON) Editor-in-ChiefAsian Journal of Biodiversity


ABSTRACT

The current system of journal metrics adopted by most Western countries appears to marginalize many Asian and Latin American authors. Impact factors (both at the author and journal levels) rely heavily on citation indices which, understandably, favor Western authors. Of course, impact factors are used heavily in research funding decisions. Creative solutions are explored in this paper for Asian countries experiencing these problems.Keywords: journal metrics, impact factor, citation indices.

1.0 Introduction:

The journal impact factor, abbreviated IF, is universally accepted as an indicator of the quality of articles published in that journal. Meneghini, Pacher and Calo (2008), in a study that attempted to test the hypothesis that the country af�iliation of authors affect the journal IF, found that country af�iliation of authors from non-developed Latin American countries does affect the IF of a journal adversely. This phenomenon is repeated in Asian countries so that articles by Asian authors in prestigious journals have signi�icantly fewer citations as well.

Unfortunately, scientists from less developed countries vigorously try to publish their papers in prestigious international journals because publication in such journals spell their career advancement and access to research grants. In the Philippines, for instance, research funding agencies and many University committees responsible for promotion or selection of candidates to academic positions frequently consider the impact factor of the journals where the articles of the candidate are published as basis for decisions. The IF is a journal metric produced by the Journal Citation Report (JCR), Thompson-Reuters (Scientometric, 2006).

The impact factor (IF) of a journal is the average number of citation that the various articles of this journal received among all journals that are found in, say, the Thompson-Reuters data base (Web of Science) over a given period of time. While the IF is accepted as a reasonable measurement of journal quality, it can only be used for comparison if potential biases are considered. For instance, journals in traditional hard sciences and Mathematics may receive low IF but may actually be excellent journals. In other words, comparison of IF’s may be made only for journals belonging to the same category or discipline.

Creative Solutions for Higher Education Research Issues in Asia and Beyond

Roberto N. Padua Vice Chair, TWG

CHED Journal Accreditation Service

Keynote Speech



Some universities use the journal IF as an indicator of an individual’s quality in research. This practice is misleading because, as Seglen (1997) pointed out, the �irst half of the most cited articles in a journal is about 10 times more often cited than the second half. The average IF of the journal is signi�icantly in�luenced by the citations made on the �irst half whereas the author himself may have an article on the second half.

Perhaps the better use of journal impact factors (IF) is as a surrogate or substitute to Reputational Surveys when ranking universities (Times Higher Education Ranking (2010) ). Oppenheim (2003) demonstrated that the use of citation analysis agrees signi�icantly with peer opinions. Many studies also demonstrated a good �it between the opinion of peers in the quality of the articles in a journal and its IF (Moed (2005)).

The top seven (7) journals with highest IF are all Western journals e.g. J. American Chemistry Society, J. Bio Chemistry, Proc. National Academic Science, USA and others. Foreign authors, particularly Latin American and Asians, have very low citation indices in these journals but when their names are attached to Western scientists, their IF’s almost doubled. There are techniques for increasing an individual’s IF (such as collaboratively working with Western authors, Medicine Editors (2006)) which have nothing to do with the individual’s quality in research.

The problem that Philippine academics now face is two-fold: First, how to publish in highly-cited indexed journals (ISI or Scopus) where the rejection rates may be prohibitively high and second, if an academic successfully publishes in an indexed journal, how to ensure that his paper will be highly cited. As the pool of scientists and academics rapidly grows, these problems will become even more pronounced in the next ten or �ifteen years.

2.0 Evolution of the Journal Impact Factor (IF) as Journal Quality Indicator

It is interesting to analyze how the journal impact factor (IF) scores became a universally-accepted gauge for quality research. In the beginning, research quality depended only on two (2) things: (a) the importance and potential impact of the study, and (b) the precision or effectiveness of the methodology used to investigate the research phenomenon. Thus, Watson’s and Crick’s (19__) double-helix model of DNA was considered of very high potential impact in the study of genetics and was, therefore, considered a research of high quality. The second criterion, on methodology, is something that can be made quite objective whereas the �irst citation is inherently subjective.Scientists and academic researchers, as late as the 1960’s, were obsessed with �inding “higher impact” areas of research. The goal was not to publish but to win prestigious awards of recognition e.g. Nobel Prize. The �lurry of activities in the area of unsolved problems and mysteries in scienti�ic discipline was tremendous: accounts of several attempts to prove Fermat’s Last Theorem; purported formulas for generating prime numbers; the human genome project; discovery of black holes in astrophysics and others.

The road to Nobel Prize and Fields Medal was too narrow for over a million scientists and researchers to �it. What better alternative than to build more roads to accommodate all those brilliant ideas: publish their work in highly selective research journals. Thus, was born the tenet of “publish or perish” in the academe. The “creative solution” (publish in journals) to the perceived problem (low chance of being recognized in the �ield) opened a plethora of other problems.

Soon the avenues for publishing research outputs once again became congested. More journals of high quality are needed to accommodate the exponentially growing number of research outputs of scientists and academic researchers. Research journals of various kinds including the undesirable kind, sprouted like mushrooms so that a system for �iltering the “good” from the “bad” journals had to be devised. The traditional approach of jury evaluation for each journal was impractical considering the huge number of journals to be evaluated. What was clearly needed was a method that did not require the presence of a jury en banc to decide on the quality of a research journal.

What better way is there than to let the consumers decide? A research journal that publishes research articles patronized by a large number of users indicates the relative importance of that journal in the world of research, i.e. journals with high citation index are important journals in research. As this became a practice over the years, the journal citation index (now called impact factor (IF)) took a different connotation: it now connotes “quality”.

The universal acceptance of the journal IF as an indicator of quality of the journal comes at a price. Are the articles published in high IF journals of suf�icient importance and of high potential impact? The answer is “maybe”: the articles are, without question, popular among the users. Are the research studies done correctly using appropriate and effective methodologies? Again, the answer is “maybe” because the IF score does not tell us anything about the precision and accuracy of the methodologies used in the research articles. The high journal IF tells the user that the articles published in that journal are popular and widely-read but so are paper back best-sellers of Robert Ludlum.

In Europe, there is an emerging school of thought that vehemently opposes the use of journal IF as an indicator of research quality (European Association of Journal Editors, 2007). The use of journal IF, according to this group, promotes mediocrity rather than quality in research. In Asia, and in particular, the Philippines, the concern over under-cited Asian researcher and quality of research outputs have taken precedence over the controversy on the use of the IF.


3.0 National and Continental Journal Citation Indexing

Having demonstrated the bias against authors from less developed countries in Asian (and Latin American) countries of the current practice of using journal impact factors (IF) of Western-published journals (from the data base in the Web of Science), one creative solution is to generate a national data base of accredited local journals whose quality is initially evaluated by a pool of experts with a track record of publication in refereed journals. This solution was actually tried by the Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) through its Journal Accreditation Service (JAS) initiated in 2009.

Since its inception in 2009, the CHED-JAS service has accredited close to 50 research journals at Category B and another 30 research journals at Category A. the plan is to support the Category A journals for International indexing and assisting the Category B journals to reach Category A in three years (2015). After 2012, the JAS will cease to exist and all journals accredited at that time will be made available as electronic journals. CHED has designated a Web administrator who will monitor the citations/download made from each journal thereby producing a Philippine Journal impact factor (PIF) for each journal in the data base.

The subsequent step, and the logical one, is to cross national borders across the other neighboring Asian countries. What appears to be most feasible within the next two or three years is to form a consortium with Southeast Asia Countries (Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Vietnam, Thailand) for mutual recognition of national journal impact factors. This, of course, implies that the other countries will need to establish a journal accreditation service (JAS) similar to what the Philippines’ CHED did. Putting the journals on-line hastens the process provided that these countries agree to have a common Web administrator for monitoring such things as number of downloads, article citations and the like.

The accreditation services can be undertaken by the Government (like CHED in the Philippines) or by a Non-Government Organization or learned societies. The latter is a preferred option to ensure unbiased evaluation processes that are not tied to the Government’s bureaucratic rules. The situation is not unlike the attempt to establish a Quality Assurance system for higher education degrees in the Asia-Paci�ic region with the end-in-view of mutual recognition of degrees (APEC, 2001) but differs in the sense that for mutual recognition of peer-reviewed journals, the accreditation is undertaken by independent, non-government bodies and international associations e.g. the SEA-AIR for Southeast Asian countries.

Expansion to the rest of Asia can happen within the decade if the Southeast Asian experience prove to be successful and effective. An Asian Journal Citation Report data bank can parallel if not surpass the current Thompson-Reuters JCR data base because more than half of the worlds’ population live in Asia and the South Paci�ic (China alone accounts for 20% of the world’s population) and a little less than half of the world’s scienti�ic researchers reside in the region.

Meanwhile that the national and continental journal data bases are being established, Asian scientists and researchers can adapt a more practical and pragmatic approach through global networking. Global networking or collaborative research with Western scientist is a tried and tested method for providing higher impact factor scores (Meneghini et al. (2008)) for individual foreign scientists. An Asian scientist often �loats an idea for research and actively seeks for Western scientists who are interested to participate in a collaborative project.

We note in passing that there are some undesirable practices that enterprising authors engage in to enhance their IF scores. In Medicine Editors (2008), for instance, the authors cited the practice of self-citation to be the most frequently used strategy. Authors of published papers cite their own papers published in a different journal. Some resort to “friendship citation” where authors request peers to cite their papers in other journals in a blatant display of self-interest. Still other authors require their graduate students to download or cite their papers published in different journals in a bid to increase their IF scores.

For as long as the journal’s IF score is used as universal gauge for quality research (either at the individual or journal levels), such practices will proliferate and will morph into something far less acceptable in the foreseeable future. The consequences and implications on the overall quality of higher education outputs on a global scale are too far-reaching and dim.

4.0 Still on the Issue of Journal Quality

The IF score of a journal tells us something about the quality of the journal but not the quality of the journal itself because it largely accounts for the popularity of the articles published in that journal. It is theoretically possible for a low quality journal to have high IF simply because the articles in that journal are more often cited i.e. easier to read and understand; articles may be authored by popular and charismatic writers. In the same vein, high quality journals may actually have low IF scores because the articles are not often cited i.e. inaccessible to readers, too technical.

To evolve a journal metric that measures “quality” more faithfully, one needs to go back to basics: When does one say that a research article published in a journal is of high quality? The two basic characteristics of a quality research, namely, importance of the study and precision/accuracy of the methodology, should form the bases for the development of such a measure. In other words, how may these two characteristics be inferred from readily observable phenomena related to the journal itself?



The experience of the Philippine Commission on Higher Education with Journal Accreditation Service may shed some light on the matter. First, the Editorial Policies of a journal determines the type, kind and nature of research articles that may be submitted for possible publication. For instance, Nature , acknowledged as one of the world’s most prestigious scienti�ic journals, admits only breakthrough studies or new scienti�ic discoveries. For this reason, every article published in this journal satisfy the “importance” factor of a quality research. Second, the Composition of the Editorial Board and the Refereeing Process employed by the journal determine the precision and accuracy of the results obtained from a legitimate scienti�ic methodology used in each article. The Editorial Board members have to be acknowledged experts in their �ield of studies competent to judge the importance of a research study submitted for publication; the refereeing system must be free of biases through a double-blind system and the referees themselves have to be seasoned researchers who are competent to evaluate the appropriateness of the methodologies employed in these studies.

The Philippine Commission on Higher Education using essentially these parameters developed a scoring system , on scale of 0 to 100, such that a journal that receives a score of 85 above is considered High Quality Journal. Once a critical mass of such high quality journals is reached, then the usual impact factor (IF) can be used to rank the journals according to their popularity i.e. the most popular journal in the cluster of high quality journals. This time the IF scores of the journals become more meaningful because they not only indicate their widespread popularity and patronage, the score also indicate the rank order of a journal in a pool of established high quality journals.

Ideally, the journals of research are chronicles of research studies in speci�ic disciplines. As such, colleges and universities need not publish their own journals of research as is now required by accrediting agencies in the Philippines , for instance. This practice (and requirement) is not only super�luous but also expensive. Statisticians publish in Journals of Statistics; physicists publish in Journals of Physics; linguistics professors publish in a Journal of Linguistic Studies and so on. What the accrediting bodies should observe is where the faculty members publish (in a journal of their discipline?) and the quality of these journals as evaluated by CHED-JAS.

5.0 Conclusion

The concern for the inordinate under-citation of Asian authors in prestigious research journals has led to creative approaches to resolve the situation. National and Asian Journal citation data banking system with corresponding Asian Journal Citation Reports are suggested as possible strategies that Asian scientists and researchers can embark. The data bank of accredited high quality research journals in Asia can then be used as basis for providing a journal impact factor (IF) for a given journal listed in the accredited journals. Only when “quality” is �irst established for a given journal will a journal impact factor score gain a meaningful interpretation. The proliferation of undesirable strategies to increase researcher’s impact factor (IF) as a consequence of over-reliance on journal impact factor (IF) is shown to the detrimental to the overall quality of research outputs in the region.

6.0 References

_________(2011), “Methodologies of the World Universities Ranking Systems” (Journal of Library and Information Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1)

Medicine Editors (2006). “The Impact Factor Game” (PLoS Med, Vol. 3, No. 6).

Meneghini, R. , Packer, A. and Calo, O.L. (2008). “Articles by Latin American Authors in Prestigious Journals Have Fewer Citations” (PLoS ONE, Vol. 3, No. 11, 2008).

Opperheirmer, N.M. (2003). “Citation Counts and the Research Assessment Exercise V” (Scientometrics, Vol. 46, pp. 575-586).

Seglen, P.O. (1997). “Why the Impact Factors of Journal Showed Let Be Used for Educating Research” (British Medical Journal, Vol. 314, pp. 458/-502)


Day 1 – July 16 Princess Diana Function Room, Pearlmont Inn

8:00 – 9:00 am Registration

9:01 – 9:10 am Ribbon Cutting: Launching of the Decade of World Online Journals, Year of the Philippine Electronic Journals, and Asian Scienti�ic Journals Dr. Zenaida G. Gersana Dr. Mariano M. Lerin, CPA Dr. Roberto N. Padua Dr. Lesley C. Lubos Ms. Mia Monica M. Santos

9:11 – 9:20 Invocation Philippine National Anthem Welcome Songs Ma. Mylionette D. Nacional

9:21 – 9:30 Opening Remarks and Formal Opening of the Conference Dr. EmelizaT. Estimo Research Coordinator John B. Lacson College Foundation – Bacolod 9:31 – 9:35 Welcome Address Dr. Genaro V. Japos President, PAIR

9:36 – 9:42 Message Dr. Mariano M. Lerin, CPA President, Liceo de Cagayan University

9:42 – 9:45 Presentation of Award to Dr. Lesley C. Lubos Outstanding Asian Research Leader, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Outstanding Filipino Research Leaders 2012 Dr. Rolando A. Alimen John B. Lacson Maritime Foundation University, Molo, Iloilo City

Dr. Emeliza T. Estimo John B. Lacson College – Bacolod

Dr. Reynalda B. Garcia Lyceum of the Philippines – Batangas

Jocelyn B. Panduyos Surigao del Sur State University

9:46 – 10:00 Message Dr. Zenaida G. Gersana Director, CHED RO X

10:01 – 10:20 Keynote Speech Dr. Roberto N. Padua Vice Chair, TWG CHED Journal Accreditation Service

10:21 – 10:50 Open Journal System as a Strategy for Plenary 1 the Philippine Electronic Journals for Globalization of Access to Journal Publications Mia Monica Santos Acquisitions Editor Philippine Electronic Journals, C and E

10:51 – 11:50 The Experience of AJA Registrars in the Plenary 2 ISO Certi�ication of Schools and Associations Mr. Kevin T. Castillon Lead Auditor, AJA Registrars, Inc.

11:51 – 12:00 PAIR’s Journey to ISO QMS 9001:2008 Certi�ication: A Consultant’s Perspective Dr. Alvaro L. Salingay ISO Consultant, PAIR

12:01- 1:00 Glimpses of Philippines and Malaysia Conferences and Upcoming Conferences of IAMURE in Thailand and Singapore: A Video Clip Presentation 1:01 - 1:20 LUNCH

Philippine Conference in Higher Education on Higher Education Research Theme “ Creative Solutions for Educational Problems in Asia and Beyond the Borders”

ProgrammeHosted By: Research and Publication Of�iceLiceo de Cagayan University



1:00 – 5:00 Paper Presentations

Dr. Salvador de la Peña III Master of Ceremonies

Day 2 – July 17 Princess Diana, Function Room, Pearlmont Inn

7:00 – 8:00 Breakfast Meeting of Research Directors Pearlmont Inn Restaurant

8:01 – 8:20 Registration

8:21 – 8:25 Songs of PraiseMs. Ma. Mylionette D. Nacional

8:26- 8:30 MessageDr. Teresita T. Tumapon

VPAA, Liceo de Cagayan University

8: 36 – 9:25 Observations on the Errors of Scienti�ic Plenary 4 A Writers from the Lens of Journal Publication Editors: Insights for Scienti�ic Writing Skills Enhancement

Dr. Lesley C. Lubos Editor in Chief Asian Journal of Biodiversity (Thomson Reuters ISI and Scirus)

9: 26 – 10:30 Dr. Salvador C. dela Pena IIIPlenary 4 B Associate Editor, JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research

10:31 – 11:00 ebooks and ejournals for Philippine Pleanary 5 Libraries: The Experience of Electronic International Scienti�ic Research Journal Consortium (EISRJC)

Dr. Gismo Agulan President, BCTA & EISRJC, Baguio City

11:01 – 11:40 Quality Assurance Mechanisms for Journal Plenary 6 Publications: Copyright, Trade Mark, Barcode,International Registration of ISSN, and Cross Ref DigitalObject Identi�ier

Mr. Darryl M. Nuyda Web Master, Asian Scienti�ic Journals

LUNCH

1:01 – 1:30 Getting Listed in Thomson Reuters (ISI) Plenary 7 and Scirus Elsevier: The Experience of Asian Journal of Biodiversity

Dr. Lesley C. Lubos Editor-in-Chief, AJOB

1:31 – 2:00 Passing the CHED Journal Accreditation Plenary 8 Service: The Cebu Normal University Journal of Higher Education Experience

Dr. Daisy R. Palompon Research Director, CNU

2:00 - 5:00 Paper Presentations

Ma. Mylionette D. Nacional Master of Ceremonies

Day 3 – July 18

8:00-10:40 Paper Presentations

10:46 -11:30 Redesigning the Faculty Evaluation Plenary 9 Scheme: The Dynamics of Organizational Change

Dr. Ma. Florecilla C. Cinches Planning Of�icer, Liceo de Cagayan University

11:31 – 12:00 Sharing of Best Practices in Enhancing the Plenary 10 Library Services Effectiveness Towards Greater Use of Online Scienti�ic Journals

Mrs. Remedios B. Janier Library Director, Liceo de Cagayan University

LUNCH

1:00 – 2:00 A Peer Reviewer’s Analysis of Errors Plenary 11 Committed by Health Researchers: Insights for Global Skills Enhancement

Dr. Veneracion G. Cabana Editor-in-Chief, Asian Journal of Health University Scientist, University of Chicago Research Director, Mountain View College Valencia City

2:01 – 4:30 Paper Presentation

4:31 – 5:00 Awarding Ceremonies and Closing Program


PHILIPPINE CONFERENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH

Pearlmont Inn, Limketkai Drive, Cagayan de Oro City

Outstanding Filipino Research Leaders 2012

In recognition of their leadership contributions in the advancement of research in the Philippines and beyond the borders in terms of organizing conferences and train-ings, managing research publications, institutional partnerships, managing research programs; editorship of journals, speakership in major events, leadership in professional research organizations, reaping awards and distinctions, implementing funded research projects and publications in reputable peer reviewed journals.

Given this 16th day of July 2012 at Pearlmont Inn, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines.

DR. GENARO V. JAPOSPRESIDENT, PAIR

DR. ZENAIDA G. GERSANAREGIONAL DIRECTOR

CHEDRO 10

Dr. Rolando A. Alimen Research Coordinator,

John B. Lacson Maritime Foundation University - Molo

Iloilo City, Philippines

Dr. Emeliza T. EstimoResearch Coordinator,

John B. Lacson College Foundation - BacolodBacolod City, Philippines



PHILIPPINE CONFERENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH

Pearlmont Inn, Limketkai Drive, Cagayan de Oro City

Dr. Reynalda B. Garcia Research Director,

Lyceum of the Philippines – BatangasBatangas City, Philippines

Jocelyn B. PanduyosResearch Director,

Surigao del Sur State UniversityTandag City, Philippines

Outstanding Filipino Research Leaders 2012

In recognition of their leadership contributions in the advancement of research in the Philippines and beyond the borders in terms of organizing conferences and train-ings, managing research publications, institutional partnerships, managing research programs; editorship of journals, speakership in major events, leadership in professional research organizations, reaping awards and distinctions, implementing funded research projects and publications in reputable peer reviewed journals.

Given this 16th day of July 2012 at Pearlmont Inn, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines.

DR. GENARO V. JAPOSPRESIDENT, PAIR

DR. ZENAIDA G. GERSANAREGIONAL DIRECTOR

CHEDRO 10


Performance Evaluati on of School Divisions in Mindanao: Educati on for All 2015

Social and Economic Assessment of Agrarian Reform Benefi ciaries Organizati on (ARBOs): The Case of Sugarcane Growers in Southern Bukidnon

Gee Marie S. Binag Agusan del Sur State Agriculture and TechnologyBunawan, Agusan del Sur(July 16 – Day 1) 1:21 - 1:40 Princess Diana Functi on Room

The study was conducted to evaluate the technical and producti vity performance of schools division in Mindanao from period of 2002- 2010. The profi le factor of input and output variables were computed using Descripti ve Stati sti cs whereas the Technical and Allocati ve Effi ciency scores and Total Factor Producti vity were calculated using DEA with output orientati on while the sources of ineffi ciency of the schools divisions were calculated using the Tobit Regression and the signifi cance of the diff erence were calculated using SPSS version 16. Based on the fi ndings, among 48 schools division in Mindanao 10 of these have achieved full technical effi ciency level. Meanwhile, 38 schools division were ineffi cient due to lack of factors inputs like number of male and female enrollees, desk, classrooms and MOOE. Thus, these are the determinants in the number of male and female graduates that would aff ect the performance that resulted to the ineffi ciency of the schools divisions. Components of the producti vity change are due more to technological (TECHCH) and total factor producti vity changes (TFPCH) with effi ciency changes (EFFCH) providing a gap.

CONCURRENT SESSION PAPERS (JULY 16, 2012 - DAY 1)

Celso C. TauthoCentral Mindanao University(July 16 – Day 1) 1:00 – 1:20 Princess Diana Functi on Room

The research is anchored on the social and economic assessment of the four (4) sugarcane ARBOs in the municipality of Quezon, Bukidnon. The study employed a descripti ve design using survey questi onnaire in gathering primary data among respondents supplemented with Focus Group Discussion (FGD) among local offi cials in the community. This study described the natural and physical descripti on of the area, socio-economic profi le, social capital and farming practi ces of sample respondents. The total agrarian reform benefi ciary members had reached 283 with a combined sugarcane area of 457 has. More than 50 percent of them were members of diff erent organizati ons while more than 40 percent of respondents had self-fi nanced their farming operati on. The area of interventi ons cited farm mechanizati on as the primary need of the respondents followed by sustainable agricultural practi ces.



The Content Analysis of Teachers’ Conceptual Understandingon Open-Ended Questi ons

Raul A. Dechosa Dep-Ed Cagayan de Oro CityMindanao University of Science and [email protected](July 16 – Day 1) 2:01 - 2:20 Princess Diana Functi on Room

The study analyzed the teachers’ response on the conceptual understanding on open-ended questi ons in basic

mathemati cs. The study used the qualitati ve method of research. The respondents of the study were the Grade V and Grade VI teachers of Dep-Ed North II District, Division of Cagayan de Oro City during the school year 2011-2012. The open-ended research instrument was administered to the teacher-respondents during the semestral break in-service training that focus on division of decimal numbers, multi plicati on of fracti ons and rounding off decimal numbers. Results revealed that most of the elementary school teachers in the public schools have units in Master of Arts in Educati onal Administrati on but not related to teaching Mathemati cs and most of them have more than 10 years of teaching experience. Results further revealed that most of these teachers have not exhibited the proper explanati on, interpretati on, and applicati on of concepts in dividing decimals, multi plying fracti ons, and rounding off decimal numbers. Their explanati on, interpretati on, and applicati on relied only on rules which are procedural in the process how to solve but no focus on why the process works. Pedagogical content knowledge is the major concern of the teacher but they failed to exhibit conceptual understanding in their answers. The researchers therefore recommend that elementary school mathemati cs teachers should have more trainings on Pedagogical Content Knowledge to help develop the conceptual understanding of Mathemati cal concepts and processes most especially those teachers who are not major in Mathemati cs but they are teaching the subject, in order to raise the pupils’ mathemati cs performance.

Psycholinguisti c Extracts and Socio-Cultural Imprints in Job Applicati on Discourses: A Genre Analysis of Moves and Strategies

Emmanuel J. [email protected] Mariano Marcos Memorial State University(July 16 – Day 1) 1:41 – 2:00 Princess Diana Functi on Room

This paper analyzed the psycholinguisti c realizati on and drew out socio-cultural imprints in the constructi on of

applicati on lett er and résumé in the Philippine setti ng. Qualitati ve and quanti tati ve methods were employed in the analysis of job applicati on documents representi ng diff erent professions to determine the generic structure and the linguisti c features of the moves and strategies that accomplish the communicati ve functi ons of the genres. Employers’ group survey and job interview extracts were also used to cross-validate and provide snapshots on the interpretati ons made. A seven-move and a fi ve-move generic structure occurring in a fl exible sequence defi ne the compositi on of job applicati on lett er and résumé, respecti vely. The constructi on of these two types of discourse is infl uenced and constrained by the applicant’s psycholinguisti c repertoire, professional background, and socio-cultural milieu. A genre-based pedagogy is recommended to sensiti ze Filipinos of the existi ng genres and textlinguisti c variati ons in the workplace.


Att ainment of the Core Values in Elementary Teaching in Saint Louis University

Wilfred BambicoSaint Louis University(July 16 – Day 1) 2:21 – 2:40 Princess Diana Functi on Room

The research determined the extent of integrati on of the four core values along competence, creati vity, Christi an

spirit and social involvement in the lessons of SLU-LES (Saint Louis University – Laboratory Elementary School) teachers and the strategies practi ced by the SLU-LES pupils along the four core values with the aim of investi gati ng the relati onship between the extent of integrati on and extent of practi ces by the respondents in att aining the four core values. This study employed the descripti ve analysis. The fi ndings revealed that the SLU-LES teachers always integrate the core values in their lessons; on the other hand, the pupils only moderately apply strategies in att aining them. Further, the results revealed that social involvement appears to be att ained the most from the four core values based on its extent of integrati on in the lessons of SLU-LES teachers and from the strategies practi ced by the pupils in att aining it. Moreover, it was found evident that there is no relati onship between the extent of integrati on of the four core values in the lessons of SLU-LES teachers and the strategies practi ced by the pupils in att aining the SLU core values along competence, creati vity, Christi an spirit and social involvement. Hence, it is concluded that the instructi onal approach used by SLU-LES teachers is ineff ecti ve in att aining the four core values in their lessons.

Wilfredo B. LomibaoMindanao University of Science and Technology (July 16 – Day 1) 2:41 - 3:00 Princess Diana Functi on Room

The Policy context and framework of watershed conservati on is viewed on holisti c approach in integrati ng sustainable use of natural resources, management for balanced and healthful ecology and promoti on of environmental educati on along with socio-cultural, economic and politi cal dimensions of watershed. The study is mainly focused on the Ground Level Policy Analysis of Iponan River in Cagayan de Oro City. Specifi cally, this triangulated and analyzed the roles played by the Academe (eg, administrator, teachers, students), Policy Makers (eg, LGU, NGO, DENR Offi cials) and Local Sett lers of Iponan River watershed and the issues and perspecti ve underlying the dynamics of policy implementati on. A purposive non-probability sampling design is used in the study. In-depth interview using open-ended questi ons were uti lized to bring out the aff ecti ve and value-laden aspects of the response in accordance to the main thrust of the study. Findings revealed that the twenty (20) Key informants have shared common views in some aspects and then diff erent and unique perspecti ve and percepti on on the other aspects of watershed and its conservati on. Dynamics of policy implementati on specifi c to problems, issues, concerns, infl uence, power, resources and the interrelati onship of diff erent stakeholders were drawn per bases of the key informants common issues and perspecti ve on watershed.

Ground Level Policy Analysis of Iponan River: A Triangulati on Approach from Academe, Policy Makers and Local Sett lers



Mylene S. JaingaSt. Therese-MTC Colleges(July 16 – Day 1) 3:21 – 3:40 Princess Diana Functi on Room

Mangroves consisted of 22 species belonging to 10 families. Avecennia is the dominant species thriving in 21 barangays. Only 22 barangays have existi ng mangroves currently threatened by accumulated rubbish from food establishments, wastes from hospitals and hotels, boat rumps, and infrastructure acti viti es of private owners and other businesses. Mangrove growth was disturbed by unnecessary sediments and dredge materials suff ocati ng the special roots receiving oxygen. Reassessment of mangroves consisted primarily of density determinati on. Of the 22 species, 21 were found in Brgy Sooc, district of Molo, while the rest of the species was dispersed in other barangays. Populati on densiti es of mangrove species revealed that Avicennia marina had the highest level and existed in 21 sampling sites. Other species with higher density included Nypa fruti cans having economic value, followed by Rhizophora species. In terms dispersal in 21 barangays, Avicennia spp., Rhizophora spp., S. alba, N. fruti cans, and E. agallocha were successfully dispersed, as indicated by their relati ve frequency, which could be considered pioneer dominant species along the Iloilo River. Based on the signifi cant fi ndings of the study, the well-considered suggesti ons include that the mangrove reforestati on of selected barangays and protecti on of existi ng mangrove forests along the Iloilo River.

Assessment of Mangroves in Managing Iloilo River towards Biodiversity and Sustainability

Wilfred BambicoSaint Louis University(July 16 – Day 1) 3:01 – 3:20 Princess Diana Functi on Room

The study examined the extent of need of Field Study along the seven domains of the Nati onal Competency-based Teacher Standards (NCBTS) with the aim of comparing those who took and who did not take Field Study courses. It also determined the FS’s support along content Enhancement, strategy development, and professional development of those who wanted to pursue teaching as a career. This paper used descripti ve analysis. It was found out that the diff erent areas along Field Study are perceived by the respondents to be Signifi cantly Needed, where Social Regard for Learning, Learning Environment, and Personal Growth and Professional Development signifi cantly vary from those who took and did not take FS. There are FS courses where students benefi t from the study especially along Social Regard for Learning, Learning Environment, and Personal Growth and Professional Development; and that FS caters more on Professional Development and least on Content Enhancement. It is then concluded that exposure to FS helped students as teachers in the future specifi cally along Social Regard for Learning, Learning Environment, and Personal Growth and Professional Development and that exposure in selected areas have equipped students to prepare themselves for the professional work along the same domains. Moreover, FS is a good ground for developing the professional competence for future teachers.

Eff ecti veness of Field Study to Students of School of Teacher Educati on, Saint Louis University





Maribel S. TizoMindanao University of Science and Technology(July 17 – Day 2) 2:00 - 2:20 Princess Diana Functi on Room

Student achievement is one of the major determinants in assessing the quality of educati on. This study Investi gates on the Combined and Relati ve Eff ects of Some Student-Related Variables on Chemistry Achievement among Chemistry Students. Data were analyzed using descripti ve stati sti cs and t-test for independent groups, and regression analysis at 0.05 level of signifi cance. Three sets of research instrument were used to gather data from the study group; the BS Chemistry students from three higher educati on insti tuti ons in Region X. Results show that majority of the students included in the study were female. Majority from the study group were members of the school organizati on, more than half of them were not scholars and there is no diff erence as to involvement in extracurricular acti viti es. Students’ were good in their study habits while their atti tude towards chemistry was moderate. As to achievement towards chemistry, students performed best in Organic Chemistry. The combinati on of the fi ve student-related variables on their achievement showed signifi cant diff erence in Organic Chemistry. On the other hand, student-related variables have no eff ect on students’ achievement in Inorganic and Analyti cal Chemistry. Findings may help the school administrati on to take into considerati on the variables which are brought forward as result of the study.

An Investi gati on on the Combined and Relati ve Eff ects of Some Student-Related Variables on Chemistry Achievement among Chemistry Students

Wilfred B. BambicoSaint Louis University(July 17 – Day 2) 2:21 - 2:40 Princess Diana Functi on Room

This study determines the extent of practi ce of inclusive acti viti es along Mathemati cs classroom along with classroom management, teaching strategies, and content. It also looked at fi nding the correlati on of the extent of practi ce of inclusive acti viti es between the academic profi ciency of the students. The study was conducted in the School of Teacher Educati on of Saint Louis University, Baguio City among the 281 students who were enrolled in the following subjects like Basic Stati sti cs, College Algebra, Inclusive Educati on, Assessment of Learning II, Plane and Solid Geometry, and Modern Geometry during the 2nd semester of SY 2011-2012. Questi onnaires were lift ed from the guidelines along Inclusive Learning-Friendly Environment toolkit provided by the UNESCO. The results show that the academic performance of students in professional educati on and content is average while fair for general educati on. The extent of practi ce of inclusive acti viti es varied diff erently base on the diff erent courses (General Educati on, Professional Educati on and Content Course) along with classroom management, teaching strategies and content. Professional Educati on teachers practi ce inclusive acti viti es in classroom management, teaching strategies and content; whereas content courses’ teachers have the least extent of practi ce of inclusive acti viti es. The relati onship of academic performance is signifi cant to the extent of practi ce of inclusive educati on. The performance of students in the classroom was aff ected by teachers who practi ce inclusive acti viti es especially along classroom management.

Inclusive Practi ces of Mathemati cs Teacher in Saint Louis University


Life at Sea: Seafarers’ Personal Accounts and Coping Strategies

Michael Vincent P. CaceresZamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and TechnologyZamboanga City(July 17 – Day 2) 2:41 - 3:00 Princess Diana Functi on Room

When the war broke out between Spain and the United States, the Spaniards had fought only with wooden ships against modern American warships. This event was known as the Batt le of Manila where it made the United States a world super power. The Filipinos fought side by side with the Americans against Spanish colonialism. There was a sense of euphoria, a certain scent of fragrance on the interference of the United States as a new player in the Asia Pacifi c region. When the Treaty of Paris was concluded between Spain and the United States on December 10, 1898 it fi nally gave the U.S. government an access to enter the Philippines. The presence of the Americans in Sulu was regarded as a new form of colonialism bett er known as imperialism in the modern age of West America. It aff ected the status of the sultanate and weakening this century old insti tuti on in the east. The coming of the Americans can be considered both as a form of blessing and curse. The United States, represented by its military and civilian governors introduced policies that aff ected the enti re Sultanate in almost its enti re politi cal facet. The paper looked into the strategic programs and designs that made their campaign in Sulu either as a success or a failure coated with fragrance of promises on one side and nightmare on the other.

Rolando A. [email protected] B. Lacson Foundati on Mariti me University(July 17 – Day 2) 3:01 – 3:20 Princess Diana Functi on Room

Life at Sea: Seafarers’ personal account is a probing into the seafarers’ life while they are on the course of their work. This study looked into the intricacies and complicated lives of the chosen seafarers and their experiences on board. To highlight the important details of their life at sea, Karen Horney’s theory on coping strategies was uti lized to establish the seafarers’ coping strategies. Based on the responses, when the seafarers’ work experiences were analyzed, the problems that they have encountered, and their coping strategies to maintain relati onships with their ship offi cers and co-seafarers, Strategy 1: Moving With was the most commonly used coping strategy among the respondents. Interviews were conducted among selected seafarers who are currently on land for their rest and relaxati on.

Americanizing the Sulu Sultanate: Fragrance/Nightmare ofU.S. Foreign Policy (circa 1898)



Wilfred B. BambicoSaint Louis University(July 17 – Day 2) 3:21 – 3:40 Princess Diana Functi on Room

This study identi fi es the levels of questi ons (Bloom’s Taxonomy of Higher –Order Thinking Skills), types of problems (Taplin’s Types of Problems), and the types of knowledge (Goldman and Hasselbring’s Types of Knowledge) in the Mathemati cs classrooms of the School of Teacher Educati on during the academic school year 2011-2012. The data were gathered by audio-taping classroom discussions, by collecti ng two preliminary quiz papers and the preliminary examinati on paper. The recorded classroom discussions were evaluated using questi onnaires. Evaluati ng level and analyzing level questi ons are the prevalent types of questi ons asked in the mathemati cs classrooms. Routi ne and real problems are the types that dominate the types of problems. Finally, the type of knowledge delivered in mathemati cs classrooms follow the ranking of declarati ve, procedural and conceptual. There exists signifi cant diff erences on the levels of questi ons, types of problems and types of knowledge in mathemati cs classrooms along the three classifi cati ons of subject. This is accounted for by the nature of the three classifi cati ons of subjects.

Higher – Order Thinking Skills, Types of Problems andTypes of Knowledge in the Mathemati cs Classroom

Erlinda C. RelucioBicol University(July 17 – Day 2) 3:41 – 4:00 Princess Diana Functi on

This study aimed to introduce a Uti lity Model for charcoal stove using materials emitt ed by Mayon Volcano. Through this model, expenses in fuel for cooking are minimized and cutti ng of trees for use as charcoal is eliminated. In the past, Albay province suff ered much from the wrath of volcanic debris emitt ed by the Mayon Volcano parti cularly during its major erupti on. Families are displaced and even their plantati ons are covered with lahars and other volcanic materials. These caused major problems not only on the part of our farmers but also of the local government parti cularly those living within the six (6) kilo meters danger zone. Many of the materials emitt ed by the volcano are good secondary source of heat when ignited. One of these materials is the igneous stones with intense heat. These stones are now used by the researcher in her uti lity model enti tled “Fuel Effi cient Charcoal Stove”. Results revealed that charcoal stove with igneous stones reduce fuel consumpti on by 70%. It is aff ordable for families with low income and the use of fuel in cooking is likewise reduced. Further, through this innovati on and uti lity model, cutti ng of trees for use as fuel is minimized if not totally controlled.

Fuel Effi cient Charcoal Stove

Rolando A. AlimenRalph L. PadorMiguel G. GayoJohn B. Lacson Foundati on Mariti me University(July 17 – Day 2) 4:01 – 4:20 Princess Diana Functi on

The study aimed to determine if the Ilonggo seafarers have an edge over other nati onaliti es, Ilonggo seafarers’ communicati on and work ethic, Ilonggo seafarers’ atti tude towards work, Ilonggo seafarers’ relati onship with other seafarers on board, views/other observati ons they have in terms of other Filipino seafarers or seafaring as their profession. The descripti ve qualitati ve method of research was employed in this investi gati on. The data were recorded uti lizing audio recording and writt en notes. In this interview, the researchers requested some individuals to interview the seafarers who are currently on vacati on probe the ideas of the interviewees about their edge as Ilonggo seafarers as compared to other seafarers of other nati onaliti es. The respondents of this study were the ten (10) seafarers who were purposively chosen for this study. Results revealed that the Ilonggo seafarers’ edge in terms of communicati on is spontaneity. For work ethic, their edge in their work quality were their cleanliness and conciseness in work, love for work, diligence and hardwork creati vity and intelligence compared to other seafarers of other nati onaliti es. In terms of their relati onship with other crew on board, their being “a complete package,” “ability to get along well with others,” and “loyalty in friendship” were their edge. Two themes emerged about Ilonggo seafarers’ views of their profession. These two were their love and passion for their work and their belief that seafaring can improve their socio-economic situati on.

Ilonggo Seafarers’ Edge among other Nati onaliti es of the World

Development of an Automoti ve Charging System Trainerwith Safety Device

Nicanor B. [email protected] of Industrial TechnologyBicol University (July 17 – Day 2) 4:21 – 4:40 Princess Diana Functi on

Charging system plays vital role in the automoti ve electricity. Although most of the automoti ve technology students have familiarized the wiring diagram, they found diffi culti es in installing or connecti ng the actual wiring circuits; oft enti mes resulted to damages in charging system components. This charging system trainer with safety device was developed through the R & D Process to enhance the knowledge and skills of automoti ve technology students in troubleshooti ng and connecti ng or installing the charging wiring circuit. It was found out that this device provides safety feature for the whole system and the user with the use of inline fuse on the diff erent electrical wire; in case of short circuit or wrong connecti on, the fuse gives-up instead of damaging the whole system or causing fi re. This device likewise achieved zero air polluti on through the use of electric motor instead of a petrol engine. It off ers technical advantages such as :facilitate T-L process and improve the quality of output, provide troubleshooti ng acti viti es on defecti ve alternator, defecti ve voltage regulator, run-down batt ery, faulty wiring connecti on, open and short circuit and belt tension. It provides economic advantages like: eliminates an expensive petrol engine that basically drives the alternator, electrical consumpti on is obviously lesser than gasoline or diesel fuel. High-cost components are protected by a safety device for possible damages due to faulty connecti on.




Marvin S. DaguploSouthern Leyte State University – Tomas Oppus(July 18 – Day 3) 8:00 – 8:20 Miniluc Functi on Room

The misunderstandings, confl icts, and frustrati ons that surround student-teacher communicati on about grades arise from the disparity between their basic assumpti ons about what grades mean and how they are derived. Anchored on the perspecti ve of Goulden and Griffi n (1997), this descripti ve study tried to assess students’ and teachers’ perspecti ve on the meaning of grades, and test the hypothesis that confl ict on the meaning of grades ceased to subsist in the minds of students and teachers. A total of 39 teachers and 170 students responded to the standardized questi onnaire and revealed their sati sfying experiences of constant conversati on about grades. Both even revealed that this conversati on someti mes leads to the changing of grades. Further analysis, however, revealed that despite students and teachers’ agreements on some aspects on the meaning of grades, a stati sti cally signifi cant diff erence between their views were observed whenever grades are understood in the following aspect: as an informati on; its impact to students; the process of getti ng it; and its validity as a measure of mastery of course content. Being able to reject the hypothesis, it is recommended that aside from an intense explanati on on the process and the validity of grades, the use of authenti c tools in evaluati ng students’ performance must be employed.

Students’ and Teachers’ Perspecti ve on the Meaning of Grades

Mylene S. JaingaSt. Therese-MTC Colleges(July 18 – Day 3) 8:21 – 8:40 Miniluc Functi on Room

The study determined the perceived level of infl uence among freshmen mariti me students of St.Therese MTC Colleges-Magdalo taken as a whole group and when grouped according to parent’s monthly income. This descripti ve study only included 194 randomly selected freshmen students of Marine Engineering enrolled during the second semester of school year 2011-2012. Data on the dependent variable were gathered through a researcher-made questi onnaire. Analysis of data employed the use of both descripti ve and inferenti al stati sti cal tools as frequency, percentage, mean, and ANOVA. Findings revealed that as a whole group, the respondents had favorable peer infl uence and when tested for signifi cance, no diff erences exists when classifi ed according to family monthly income.

Perceived Level of Peer Infl uence among Mariti me Students



Meliza R. JoaquinJ.H. Cerilles State College- Dumingag Campus(July 18 – Day 3) 8:41 – 9:00 Miniluc Functi on Room

In preparati on for terti ary educati on, to be computer literate is a necessity to high school senior students. Thus, this study involving 180 high school senior students from the six public secondary schools of the Division of Zamboanga del Sur was conducted to assess their computer literacy levels. Computer literacy level was based on the understanding of the students on the basic concepts and theories of computi ng; and the actual manipulati on of the computer. Data were analyzed with the use of descripti ve stati sti cal tools such as frequency counts and percentage. Kruskal Wallis test was applied to determine the signifi cant diff erence on the computer literacy level. As revealed in the hands-on assessment, majority of the respondents were advanced but have low computer literacy level on the writt en test. This leads to the recommendati on that teachers handling computer classes should let the students undertood fi rst the computer concepts and theories before having an actual manipulati on of the device. A signifi cant diff erence was also noted on the computer literacy levels of the six groups of respondents, both in writt en and hands-on assessment. Also, it was found out that most of the respondents do not have computers at home with minimal exposures to the device.

Assessing the Computer Literacy Levels of High School Senior Students

Academic Reading Profi ciency of Freshmen Educati on Students: Input to the Design of Instructi onal Modules for English 101

Dionesio M. UychocoDon Mariano Marcos Memorial State University(July 18 – Day 3) 9:01 – 9:20 Miniluc Functi on Room

The study described the academic reading profi ciency level of incoming college freshmen which served as an input to the design of learning modules. It used a validated 50-item researcher-made test and two sets of questi onnaires to determine the adequacy of learning acti viti es and the extent of uti lizati on of academic reading strategies by content area teachers. The research found the student-respondents unprepared for college work given the moderate academic reading profi ciency index. Concerned language and content area teachers failed to provide enough learning acti viti es and suffi cient opportunity and training in the use of academic reading strategies that will enhance students’ level of profi ciency in content area reading. It is recommended that topics designed to develop academic reading skills of senior high school students be included in the course content in secondary schools; that English teachers provide more learning acti viti es and experiences expected in content area reading; and that content area teachers become acti ve reading teachers by facilitati ng comprehension through use of ti me-tested academic reading strategies.



Marvin S. DaguploSouthern Leyte State University – Tomas Oppus(July 18 – Day 3) 9:21 – 9:40 Miniluc Functi on Room

Anchored on the theoreti cal perspecti ve of Mumford, Medves and Lawler, this predicti ve cross secti onal research identi fi ed predictors of eff ecti ve change management in Southern Leyte State University. A total of 105 top and middle managers responded the standardized adapted including their profi le, which are the predicti ve variables. Analysis revealed that top and middle managers of SLSU are “sati sfi ed” in their job, “competent” in the diff erent skills, performed “very sati sfactorily” in their job and, most of all they “agree” to the kind of organizati onal culture SLSU has. Ordinal regression revealed that self-effi cacy, sex, and educati onal qualifi cati on are predicti ve variables of change management measured in terms of organizati onal culture; and, problem solving skills, strategic thinking skills, analyti cal skills, self-effi cacy, and stress management skills are predicti ve variables of change management when measured in terms of job sati sfacti on. SLSU can only implement eff ecti vely change if the predictors of eff ecti ve change management are present and developed in its managers. It is suggested that top and middle managers should exert an extra eff ort in making themselves “more competent” in the diff erent skills identi fi ed as predictors in implementi ng change.

Predictors of Eff ecti ve Change Management: Evidence from Southern Leyte State University, Philippines

Mylene S. JaingaSt. Therese-MTC Colleges(July 18 – Day 3) 9:41 – 10:00 Miniluc Functi on Room

This descripti ve study determines the seafarers’ preparedness to combat piracy in the high seas using the purposive sampling survey method. Data gathering instrument used was a researcher-made questi onnaire based on the Conceptual Framework and Related Literature. The respondents were the 60 seafarers who were on training at STMTCC Training Center. Frequency counts, percentages, mean rank, Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis H Test were employed in the analysis of the data. Study results revealed that the respondents were highly prepared to combat piracy in the high seas. It further revealed that when grouped according to rank, respondents with license or offi cers were very highly prepared in combati ng piracy in the high seas. Moreover, those with 10 years and below length of service and had been with bulk type of vessel have high preparedness. Furthermore, when tested for signifi cance there are diff erences when categorized according to rank, those with licenses or offi cers were more prepared than the non offi cers.

Seafarers Preparedness in Combati ng Piracy in the High Seas


Rolando A. AlimenJohn B. Lacson Foundati on Mariti me University(July 18 – Day 3) 10:01 – 10:20 Miniluc Functi on Room

The study aimed to examine the best practi ces of a mariti me university, specifi cally, John B. Lacson Foundati on Mariti me University as a higher educati onal insti tuti on and the only mariti me university in the South East Asia. Furthermore, it elaborates the diff erent best practi ces of marine engineering program of JBLFMU-Molo such as: (a) Computer-Based Teaching (CBT), (b) engine room simulati on (ERS) exercises, and (c) stakeholders’ sati sfacti on surveys in att aining global competi ti veness. The researchers of the present study employed case study as a primary method of investi gati on. Case study design focuses on the data analysis of one phenomenon, which the researcher selects to understand in depth regardless of the number of sites, parti cipants or documents for a study and provides a detailed descripti on and analysis of processes of themes voiced by parti cipants in a parti cular situati on (Macmillan & Schumacker, 1986; Alimen, 2010). The quintessenti al characteristi c of case studies is their holisti c understanding of a phenomenon (Feagin, Orum & Sjoberg, 1990; Alimen et al., 2010). The study focused on “best practi ces/acti viti es” of the Marine Engineering Program of JBLFMU-Molo – the only marine engineering program accredited as Level 4 by PACUCOA. This mariti me university has responded to the PACUCOA quest in pursuit of excellence in all facets of mariti me training and educati on, creati ng culture of professionalism and humanisti c approach through the process of stakeholders’ sati sfacti on practi ces.

Best Practi ces of Marine Engineering Program: Sustaining Global Competi ti veness in Mariti me Educati on as PACUCOA Accredited University

Eff ects of the Maguindanao Massacre to the Media Men in Davao City

Daisy M. AlburoUniversity of Southeastern Philippines - Mintal Campus(July 18 – Day 3) 10:21 – 10:40 Miniluc Functi on Room

The study assessed the eff ects of Maguindanao massacre to the media men of Davao City. Fift y media men parti cipated in the study. Findings of the study revealed that in terms of performance , media men perceived their performance to be good before and aft er the massacre. On risk taking, media men believed that they are someti mes risk takers. In terms of their security schemes, media men are good both before and aft er the massacre as refl ected by means of 3.51 and 4.20, respecti vely. On the level of preparedness, media men were fairly prepared before the massacre. The test of diff erence on the level of performance before and aft er the Maguindanao massacre showed a no signifi cant diff erence. Therefore, the incident has not signifi cantly aff ected media men of Davao City. On the other hand, the test of diff erence of media men’s risk taking showed a no signifi cant diff erence and security schemes before and aft er the Maguindanao massacre showed no signifi cant diff erence. Therefore, the Maguindanao massacre has not signifi cantly aff ected their risk taking practi ces, and security schemes. Finally, the test of diff erence in the preparedness of media men before and aft er the Maguindanao massacre showed a signifi cant diff erence with a t-value of -5.663 and p-value of .033.



Cecilia C. VillamorDon Mariano Marcos Memorial State University(July 18 – Day 3) 2:01 – 2:20 Miniluc Functi on Room

Ginger, Zingiber offi cinales Rosc. of the family Zingiberaceae is an important medicinal plant for the treatment of of various ailments such as cardiovascular disease, anti septi c, lymph-cleansing, circulati on, and consti pati on. The Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University has embarked on initi al eff orts on the development of the local ginger industry. One method of producing healthy planti ng stock is by ti ssue culture. This technique has been used as a tool for propagati on of many crop plant species and is increasingly important for commercial propagati on. A rapid micropropagati on protocol for ginger, (Zingiber offi cinale Roscoe), was established. The emerging rhizome bud, measuring about 2 mm was used as explants. Nitrogen in the form of KNO3 signifi cantly improved proliferati on rate of ginger in vitro, in both full and half strength media. Leaf formati on/producti on was bett er in media with NH4NO3. Root formati on was signifi cantly bett er in half strength media with KNO3. Benzyl adenine was signifi cantly bett er than kineti n in improving the performance of ginger cultures in vitro. Likewise, additi on of benzyl adenine at the rate of 4-6 mg/li improved shoot proliferati on of cultures in vitro. The Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) basal nutrient media with KNO3, as source of nitrogen is recommended for rapid multi plicati on rate of planti ng materials of ginger. Additi on of 4 mg/li benzyl adenine is likewise recommended for bett er shoot proliferati on of in vitro cultures of ginger.

Micropropagati on Techniques for Ginger, Zingiber offi cinale Rosc., An Important Medicinal Plant

Alfredo R. RabenaUniversity of Northern Philippines(July 18 – Day 3) 2:21 – 2:40 Miniluc Functi on Room

Soil ferti lity and producti vity is an issue to most farmers since it primarily aff ects the quality and quanti ty of their farm produce. With the rampant adopti on of inorganic farming which entails degradati on of the soils’ natural reserve, the technology is introduced to improve soil ferti lity and producti vity. The study determined the eff ects of kakawate organic farming on the growth of onion. There were three treatments used namely control, kakawate organic ferti lizer and ammonium ferti lizer. The Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicati ons was used to gather data. Results showed that high percentage germinati on was observed on kakawate organic ferti lizer with 87% and a low percentage germinati on with 67% on control with no ferti lizer added. With the rate of germinati on, onions treated with kakawate organic ferti lizer were the fi rst to germinate. Also, germinati on of seeds normally started 11 days aft er sowing. On the average height and weight, kakawate organic ferti lizer obtained the highest with 26.7 cm and 10.5 grams respecti vely. Ammonium ferti lizer obtained the longest roots with 5.9 cm followed by kakawate organic ferti lizer with 4.0 cm. Longest shoot/leaves was observed also on onions treated with ammonium ferti lizer with 21.4 cm followed by kakawate organic ferti lizer with 20.2 cm. The treatments have more or less the same eff ect on the growth of onion. This result can be due to the fact that the data on germinati on and growth above showed positi ve response, in that, they were able to germinate and grow. With the result above, the authors strongly recommend kakawate organic ferti lizer as alternati ve to high priced commercial ferti lizer. Also, it should be studied on site with crops such as onions, corn, rice and other crops. Researchers and farmers should consider the potenti als of kakawate as farm input.

The Eff ect of Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) JAcq. Kunth ex Walph Leaves on the Growth of Onions (Allium cepa)


Analiza B. Paña-AguilarUniversity of Southeastern Philippines (July 18 – Day 3) 2:41 – 3:00 Miniluc Functi on Room

The study was aimed at determining the gains and drawbacks of LPG as engine fuel of public uti lity vehicles (PUVs) in Davao City. The data were gathered from 200 PUV drivers who have been in the driving profession for 7-10 years already and have been using LPG as fuel for 1-3 years already. They were randomly selected and interviewed using a structured questi onnaire with item statements coming from drivers’ experiences which were drawn through actual interviews conducted for the purpose and from published materials. The data gathered were analyzed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Results revealed four components indicati ng the gains and drawbacks of LPG which are economic gains/cost saving and environmental gains; and, drawbacks on drivers’ health and drawbacks on engine performance.

Gains and Drawbacks of Liquifi ed Petrolium Gas (LPG) as Engine Oil of Public Uti lity Vehicles in Davao City

Yam (Ube, Dioscorea alata L.) Producti on and Processing: Best Practi ces

Evangeline PeraDon Mariano Marcos Memorial State University(July 18 – Day 3) 3:01 – 3:20 Miniluc Functi on Room

In response to the call of our government’s priority program on Food Security, high value crops like yam or ube is highly considered because it is rich in calcium and phosphorous. It is a good source of income and employment as it maximizes the uti lizati on of marginal and idle lands in the uplands, helps improve the ecosystem through vegetati on and provision as an alternati ve agricultural commodity for forest products in the farming acti vity of upland farmers. It has a potenti al demand in the domesti c and internati onal market with a 20% average growth rate of yam export. Considering the economic, environmental signifi cance and market potenti al, the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University (DMMMSU) has developed producti on and processing technologies thru R &D, and conducted ube schools for stakeholders. To expedite the development of yam industry, collecti ve eff orts is essenti al. While technologies are available, fi nancial assistance is needed for the commercializati on. The yam producti on and establishment of a food processing Center, provide increased opportuniti es for socio-economic status of yam growers with consistent parti cipatory, market-driven and community-based approach. The approach provided appropriate technologies in a multi disciplinary and parti cipatory approach employing a variety of extension delivery systems and provided physical fi nancial and human supports by seven GO’s and fi ve NGO’s.

Rolando A. AlimenJohn B. Lacson Foundati on Mariti me University(July 18 – Day 3) 3:21 – 3:40 Miniluc Functi on Room

This paper refl ects one Psychology class where creati vity was captured in just one sitti ng. Two hundred students were uti lized to show one instance of creati vity, the marine engineering students’ interacti on with psychology was translated into visual expressions. The students comprise the diff erent secti ons, four secti ons in all, given the same strategy. Evidence for the importance of this creati vity is drawn from the students’ introspecti on and imaginati on visually expressed through paper using diff erent media, crayons, colored pens, pencils, pens, among others. The creati ve products were gathered and implicati ons for teaching and learning psychology were considered.

Creati vity Captured: Psychology in One Sitti ng(A Refl ecti ve Practi ce in the Teaching of Psychology among Marine Engineering Students: A Philippine Experience)



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