Philippine DramaPhilippine Drama

Before the Spanish period, the early forms of the Philippine draBefore the Spanish period, the early forms of the Philippine drama ma

were the were the duploduplo and the and the karagatankaragatan..

�� **DuploDuplo –– was a poetical debate held by trained was a poetical debate held by trained men and women in the ninth night, the last men and women in the ninth night, the last night of the mourning period for the dead. night of the mourning period for the dead.

�� BellacosBellacos –– male participants, they are the male participants, they are the heads of the games. heads of the games.

�� **KaragatanKaragatan –– was also a poetical debate like was also a poetical debate like the duplo, but its participants were amateurs. the duplo, but its participants were amateurs.

�� >> Both were held in the homes. >> Both were held in the homes.

�� >>Theme:>>Theme: was all about a ring that fell into the was all about a ring that fell into the sea.sea.

�� 15981598-- The first recorded drama was The first recorded drama was

staged in Cebu. staged in Cebu.

�� >> It was a >> It was a ComediaComedia written by written by Vicente Vicente PuchePuche and was perfomed in honor of and was perfomed in honor of

Msgr. Pedro de Agurto, CebuMsgr. Pedro de Agurto, Cebu’’s first s first

bishop.bishop.

�� 16091609-- Eleven year after, another stage Eleven year after, another stage

play portraying play portraying The Life of Santa BarbaraThe Life of Santa Barbara

was staged in Bicol.was staged in Bicol.

Three kinds of plays:Three kinds of plays:

�� 1. Cenakulo1. Cenakulo –– It was a very heavy drama It was a very heavy drama shown in relation to the life sacrifices and shown in relation to the life sacrifices and death of Jesus Christ. It is like a passion play death of Jesus Christ. It is like a passion play presented and celebrated during the month of presented and celebrated during the month of March or April depending the exact date of the March or April depending the exact date of the Holy weekHoly week

�� Two kinds of presentations:Two kinds of presentations:

�� The Ablada (oral)The Ablada (oral)

�� Kantada (song) Kantada (song)

�� *Several versions of Cenakulo: The *Several versions of Cenakulo: The Tagalog, Iluko, Kapampangan, Bikol and Tagalog, Iluko, Kapampangan, Bikol and Bisayan Version.Bisayan Version.

�� *The Cenakulo is divided into several *The Cenakulo is divided into several parts, one part for each night of the Holy parts, one part for each night of the Holy Week. Each performance lasts from 3Week. Each performance lasts from 3--4hours. In Malibay, Pasay for instance, 4hours. In Malibay, Pasay for instance, the entire Cenakulo cycle starts with the the entire Cenakulo cycle starts with the creation and ends with resurrection creation and ends with resurrection

CenakuloCenakulo

�� 2. Moro2. Moro--moromoro –– It is a cloak and dagger play It is a cloak and dagger play

depicting the was between the Christians and depicting the was between the Christians and

the Muslims with the Christians always on the the Muslims with the Christians always on the

winning side. winning side.

�� Fr. Jeronimo PerezFr. Jeronimo Perez –– wrote the first morowrote the first moro--

moro and was staged in Manila in 1637, to moro and was staged in Manila in 1637, to

commemorate Governor General Consueracommemorate Governor General Consuera’’s s

victory over the Muslims of Mindanao. victory over the Muslims of Mindanao.

�� >> it becomes the favorite play of the people, >> it becomes the favorite play of the people,

especially during the town fiestas.especially during the town fiestas.

MoroMoro--moromoro

�� 3. 3. ZarzuelaZarzuela –– it is a melodrama with it is a melodrama with songs and dances that have a three songs and dances that have a three in one act play. It is intended to make in one act play. It is intended to make the mass feeling towards love, fear, the mass feeling towards love, fear, grief, sorrow or any emotional grief, sorrow or any emotional reactions sublime.reactions sublime.

��>it sometimes shows the political and >it sometimes shows the political and social conditions of our country. social conditions of our country.

��>the musical part of the zarzuela has >the musical part of the zarzuela has given much opportunity for creativity given much opportunity for creativity and appreciation of the audience until and appreciation of the audience until the revolt in Cavite in the year 1872.the revolt in Cavite in the year 1872.

��>it is played by 20>it is played by 20--25 professional 25 professional zarzuela artists (actors, actresses and zarzuela artists (actors, actresses and extras)extras)

��>the Zarzuela is a musical comedy.>the Zarzuela is a musical comedy.

ZarzuelaZarzuela

�� Junto Al PasigJunto Al Pasig (beside the Pasig) (beside the Pasig) –– A A zarzuela written by zarzuela written by Jose RizalJose Rizal and it was and it was staged at the Ateneo de Manila on staged at the Ateneo de Manila on December 8, 1880 on the occasion of the December 8, 1880 on the occasion of the celebration of the celebration of the Feast Day of the Feast Day of the Immaculate ConceptionImmaculate Conception (Patron saint (Patron saint of the College)of the College)

�� >Zarzuelas was nationalistic in theme and >Zarzuelas was nationalistic in theme and plot.plot.

��

�� Popular Zarzuelas among masses: Popular Zarzuelas among masses:

�� Pagibig sa Lupang Tinubuan ( Love for Native Pagibig sa Lupang Tinubuan ( Love for Native Land) by Pascual PobleteLand) by Pascual Poblete

�� Tanikalang Ginto (Gold Chain) by Juan AbadTanikalang Ginto (Gold Chain) by Juan Abad

�� Malaya (Free) by Tomas RemigioMalaya (Free) by Tomas Remigio

�� Kahapon, Ngayon at at Bukas (Yesterday, Today Kahapon, Ngayon at at Bukas (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow) by Aurelio Tolentinoand Tomorrow) by Aurelio Tolentino

�� Walang Sugat (Not wounded) by Severino ReyesWalang Sugat (Not wounded) by Severino Reyes

�� Poblete and TolentinoPoblete and Tolentino: two of the most : two of the most nationalistic zarzuela writers were put in jail.nationalistic zarzuela writers were put in jail.

�� 19051905--19301930: The Golden Age of the Zarzuela in : The Golden Age of the Zarzuela in

the Philippines. ( Fernandez, D. 1978)the Philippines. ( Fernandez, D. 1978)

�� Organization of the Zarzuela Foundation of the Organization of the Zarzuela Foundation of the

Philippines Philippines –– by by Ms. Imelda R. Marcos and Ms. Imelda R. Marcos and

Mr. Teodoro F. ValenciaMr. Teodoro F. Valencia. The Rationale of this . The Rationale of this

““foundationfoundation”” is is ““hopefully to create a mass base hopefully to create a mass base

of support for the zarzuelas all over the of support for the zarzuelas all over the

country.country.””

�� > The foundation successfully revived one of the > The foundation successfully revived one of the

prepre--war zarzuela favorites, war zarzuela favorites, Walang Sugat Walang Sugat 1902 1902 by by Severino Reyes in 1977.Severino Reyes in 1977.

Street Dramas:Street Dramas:

�� MorionesMoriones –– the Morion Festival is a the Morion Festival is a Lenten ritual that is colorful as it is Lenten ritual that is colorful as it is unique. It is celebrated every Holy week unique. It is celebrated every Holy week in Marinduque. in Marinduque.

�� Morion Morion –– means mask or visor which is means mask or visor which is the top part of the Medieval Roman the top part of the Medieval Roman armor covering the face. It is this mask armor covering the face. It is this mask carved from dapdap wood that is the carved from dapdap wood that is the Focal point of the Moriones celebration.Focal point of the Moriones celebration.

Moriones Mask FestivalMoriones Mask Festival

�� Pugutan ceremony Pugutan ceremony –– is the climax of the is the climax of the Morion festival held at noon of Easter Sunday. It Morion festival held at noon of Easter Sunday. It is held on the dried river bed outside Boac. is held on the dried river bed outside Boac.

�� Longinus Longinus –– who at the time of Pilate drove his who at the time of Pilate drove his spear into the side of Jesus Christ as he hung spear into the side of Jesus Christ as he hung from the cross. from the cross.

�� --When Christ resurrected, He was When Christ resurrected, He was the first one to proclaim his Divinity. the first one to proclaim his Divinity.

�� >>Men participate in this ritual and go about >>Men participate in this ritual and go about the streets of Marinduque as Morions.the streets of Marinduque as Morions.

�� >> They perform this as an act of Penance of >> They perform this as an act of Penance of thanksgiving for some favor granted in the past.thanksgiving for some favor granted in the past.

AtiAti--atihanatihan

�� AtiAti--atihanatihan –– is a pagan ritual, which has is a pagan ritual, which has

become an annual affair that the natives become an annual affair that the natives

look forward to with great expectation. look forward to with great expectation. �� It is the most extravagant fiesta in the It is the most extravagant fiesta in the

Philippines celebrated in Kalibo, Aklan every 3rd Philippines celebrated in Kalibo, Aklan every 3rd

Sunday of January in honor of the Infant Jesus. Sunday of January in honor of the Infant Jesus.

�� AtiAti--atihan derived its name from atihan derived its name from Atis, Atis, the the

aboriginal Negritos of the area in the Visayas.aboriginal Negritos of the area in the Visayas.

�� ““Hala Bira! Hala Bira!Hala Bira! Hala Bira!”” This resonant cry This resonant cry

fills the air as the people of Kalibo gyrate fills the air as the people of Kalibo gyrate

through the streets in a hypnotized mass through the streets in a hypnotized mass

of dancing and shaking. Feet stomping, of dancing and shaking. Feet stomping,

hands clapping, bongos beating and ears hands clapping, bongos beating and ears

ringing all sound out the rhythmic beat of ringing all sound out the rhythmic beat of

the Atithe Ati--atihan. atihan.

��The festival was later dedicated The festival was later dedicated

to the to the Santo NiSanto Niññoo because of because of

the victories won by the the victories won by the

Spaniards in Kalibo against the Spaniards in Kalibo against the

Muslim attacks when they were Muslim attacks when they were

forced to abandon Mindanao.forced to abandon Mindanao.

�� The people of Aklan celebrate the atiThe people of Aklan celebrate the ati--atihan atihan

dressed in outlandish costumes and getdressed in outlandish costumes and get--ups. ups.

This native mardiThis native mardi--gras finds the participants gras finds the participants

dressed in improvised attires of feathers, dressed in improvised attires of feathers,

coconut shells and palm fronds, as they imitate coconut shells and palm fronds, as they imitate

in their own way the garish tribal costumes of in their own way the garish tribal costumes of

the Atis. The merrymaker throw their inhibitions the Atis. The merrymaker throw their inhibitions

to the wind as they prance about in gay to the wind as they prance about in gay

abandon for 3 consecutive nights.abandon for 3 consecutive nights.

The Modern Philippine DramaThe Modern Philippine Drama

--The modern Philippine drama/stage play was The modern Philippine drama/stage play was

rejuvenated upon the establishment of the rejuvenated upon the establishment of the

Repertory Philippines in June of 1967Repertory Philippines in June of 1967 which which

was founded by was founded by Zeneida Zeneida ““BibotBibot”” AmadorAmador and and

Baby BarredoBaby Barredo..

�� Repertory Philippines Repertory Philippines

-- In its 30years of existence it has become the In its 30years of existence it has become the

countrycountry’’s leading theater company, keeping abreast of s leading theater company, keeping abreast of

new materials and demanding outstanding performance new materials and demanding outstanding performance

from its extraordinary talents.from its extraordinary talents.