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Philippines

This article is part of the series:

Politics and government of

the Philippines

Government

Political history Constitution

Executive

President (list)

Benigno Aquino III

Vice President (list)Jejomar Binay

Executive Departments(list)

Congress

15th Congress

2010 2013

Senate House

President

Juan P once Enrile

Speaker

Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.

Judiciary

Supreme Court

Chief Justice Renato Corona

Court of Appeals Sandiganbayan

Cou rt of Tax Appeals Ombudsman

Elections

Commission on Elections

2010 | 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998

1995 | 1992 | 1987 | 1986 | All

Philippine Government

From WikiPilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia

The politicalsystem in thePhilippines takes

place in anorganizedframework of a

presidential,representative,and democraticrepublic wherebythe president is

both the head of

state and the headof governmentwithin a pluriformmulti-partysystem. Thissystem revolvesaround threeseparate andsovereign yetinterdependent

branches: thelegislative branch

(the law-makingbody), theexecutive branch(the law-enforcing body),and the judicial

branch (the law-interpreting body).Executive poweris exercised bythe governmentunder the

leadership of thepresident.Legislative poweris vested in boththe governmentand the two-chamber congress-- the Senate (theupper chamber)and the House ofRepresentatives(the lower
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Renato_Coronahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Executive_Departments_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Image:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Philippines.pnghttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Governmenthttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Executive_powerhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Head_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Head_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Head_of_statehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Republichttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=President_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Representative_democracy&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Representative_democracy&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Presidential_systemhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Politics&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Politics&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Senate_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Legislative_power&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Governmenthttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Executive_powerhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Head_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Head_of_statehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=President_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Republichttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Representative_democracy&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Presidential_systemhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Politics&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Elections_in_the_Philippines#Past_electionshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_election%2C_1986http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_legislative_election%2C_1987http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_1992http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_1995http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_1998http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_2001http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_2004http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_2007http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_2010http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Commission_on_Elections_%28Philippines%29http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Elections_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_Ombudsmanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_Court_of_Tax_Appealshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Sandiganbayanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_Court_of_Appealshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Renato_Coronahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Chief_Justice_of_the_Philippine_Supreme_Courthttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Feliciano_Belmonte%2C_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Speaker_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representativeshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrilehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Senate_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Congress_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Executive_Departments_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jejomar_Binayhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Vice_President_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Benigno_Aquino_IIIhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=List_of_Presidents_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=President_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Political_history_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Government_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Politics_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Image:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Philippines.pnghttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippineshttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php


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en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_Government 2

Political parties

Lakas-CMD

KAMPI

NPC

NP

LP

PMP

CAPP

PDP-Laban

Aksyon

Administrative divisions

Capital

Regions

Provinces

Cities

Municipalities

Barangays

Foreign relations

Government Website (http://www.gov.ph/)

Human rights

Other countries Atl

Politics Port

view talkedit (http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Template:Politics_of_the_Philippines&action=edit)


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Head of Government

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed

Forces of the Philippines

Benigno

Aquino III

Vice PresidentJejomar

Binay

Executive SecretaryPaquito

Ochoa

Presidential SpokespersonEdwin

Lacierda

National Economic andDevelopment

Authority/Socioeconomic

Planning

Cayetano

Paderanga

Agrarian Reform Secretary

Virgilio

delos

Reyes

Agriculture SecretaryProceso

Alcala

Budget and Management

Secretary

Florencio

Abad

Education Secretary

Armin

Luistro

Energy SecretaryJose Rene

Almendras

Environment and Natural

Resources Secretary

Ramon

Paje

Finance SecretaryCesar

Purisima

Foreign Affairs Secretary

Alberto G.

Romulo

Health Secretary

Enrique

Ona

Interior and Local Government

Secretary

Jesse

Robredo

Justice SecretaryLeila de

Lima

Labor and Employment

Secretary

Rosalinda

Baldoz

National Defense SecretaryVoltaire

Gazmin

Public Works and Highways

Secretary

Rogelio

SingsonScience and Technology

Secretary

Mario

Montejo

Social Welfare and Development

Secretary

Corazon

Juliano-

Soliman

Tourism SecretaryAlberto

Lim

Transportation and

Communication Secretary

Jose de

Jesus

Trade and Industry SecretaryGregory

Domingo

and has served for no more than 4 years as president.

The second highest official, Vice-President Jejomar C. Binay(party affiliation:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan) 30 June 2010, is also elected by

popular vote. The vice-president is second in line to succession should thepresident resign, be impeached or die in office. The vice-president usually, thoughnot always, may be a member of the president's cabinet. If there is a vacancy inthe position of Vice President, the President will appoint any member of Congress(usually a party member) as new Vice President. The appointment will be

validated by a three-fourths vote of Congress voting separately.

The Executive Departments of the Philippines (also known as the "Cabinet") arethe largest component of the national executive branch of the government of thePhilippines. There are a total of nineteen executive departments. Thedepartments comprise the largest part of the country's bureaucracy.

The Cabinet secretaries are tasked to advise the President on the different affairsof the state like agriculture, budget, finance, education, social welfare, nationaldefense, foreign affairs and etc.

They are nominated by the President and then presented to the Commission onAppointments, a body of the Congress of the Philippines that confirms all

appointments made by the head of state, for confirmation or rejection. If thepresidential appointees are approved, they are sworn into office, receive the title"Secretary," and begin to function their duties.

During the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, upon the mandate of the then 1973Constitution, he changed the departments into ministries from 1978 to the end ofhis government. Thus, the Department of Education]] became Ministry ofEducation, Culture and Sports.

Legislative branch

The bicameral Philippine legislature, the Congress, consists of the Senate and the

House of Representatives; members of both are elected by popular vote. TheSenate is elected at large. There are currently 24 senators. Of a possible 250members of the House of Representatives, 206 are elected from the single-member districts. The remainder of the House seats are designated for sectoralrepresentatives elected at large through a complex "party list" system, hinging onthe party receiving at least 2% to 6% of the national vote total. The upper houseis located in Pasay City, while the lower house is located in Quezon City. Thedistrict and sectoral representatives are elected with a term of three years. Theycan be reelected but they are no longer eligible to run for the fourth consecutiveterm. The senators elected with a term of six years. They can be reelected butthey are no longer eligible to run for the third consecutive term. The House ofRepresentatives may opt to pass a resolution for a vacancy of a legislative seat

that will pave way for a special election. The winner of the special election willserve the unfinished term of the previous district representative and will beconsidered as one elective term. The same rule applies in the Senate however itwill only apply if the seat is vacated before the regular legislative election. Thiscase applies when Senator Teofisto Guingona was appointed as Vice President

before the May 2001 election. Senator Gregorio Honasan was in the 13th positionin the Senatorial election and he served the unfinished term of Guingona.Honasan is no longer eligible to run for the 2004 elections. The case did not applyin 1998 when Gloria Arroyo was elected as Vice President and in 2004 when

Noli de Castro was elected as Vice President.

When Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo assumed the Presidency, her LAKAS-CMD
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Presidential Chief of Staff

Julia

Andrea

Abad

Central Bank Governor

Amando

M.

Tetangco,

Jr.

National Security AdviserCesar

Garcia

United Nations Permanent

Representative

Libran

Cabactulan

Legis lative Branch

Senate

Title Nam

Senate President Juan Ponce En

Senate President

Pro-TemporeJinggoy Estrad

M ajority Floor Leader Tito Sotto

Minority Floor Leader Alan Peter Cay

Secretary Oscar G. Yabe

Sergeant-at-Arms M/Gen. Jose Bala

Senate Members

(http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen13

House of Representatives

Title Nam

Speaker Feliciano Belm

Deputy Speaker Maria Isabella

Dep. Speaker Raul Daza

Dep. Speaker Arnulfo Fuente

Dep. Speaker Pablo P. Garcia

Dep. Speaker Jesus Crispin C

Dep. Speaker Lorenzo Taad

M ajorit y Floor Leader Neptali M . Go

Minority Floor Leader Edcel C. Lagma

Secretary-General Roberto P. Naz

Sergeant-at-Arms B/Gen. Bayani N

House M embers

(http://www.congress.gov.ph/members/show_

Judicial Branch

Supreme Court

Title Na

Chief Justice Renato

Official Court Administrator and

Spokesperson

Midas

Marque

Just ices of the Supreme Court

(http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/justices/ind

Sandiganbayan

party also regained its dominant position in Congress. The party leads the 187

member Sunshine Coalition composed of several major and minor parties. In theSenate, the pro-administration coalition controls 13 of the 24 seats. Members ofthe Philippine Congress tend to have weak party loyalties and change partyaffiliation easily. In October 2003, the Sunshine Coalition dissolved over Pres.Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's decision to seek election for the presidency which shecame into by succeeding Joseph Estrada during the EDSA 2 Revolution of 2001.

Senate President: Juan Ponce Enrile

Speaker of the House of Representatives: Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.

Presidents of the Senate

1916-1935 Manuel Luis Quezon (Philippine Legislature)

1935 Jose Avelino

1935-1941Dissolved, Unicameral Legislature

1941-1945Dissolved, World War II

1945-1946 Manuel A. Roxas (Commonwealth of the Philippines)

1946-1949 Jose Avelino

1949-1951 Mariano Jesus Cuenco

1952-1952 Quintin Paredes1952-1952 Camilo Osias

1952-1953 Eulogio Rodriguez

1953-1953 Jose Zulueta

1953-1963 Eulogio Rodriguez

1963-1965 Ferdinand E. Marcos

1966-1967 Arturo M. Tolentino

1967-1972 Gil J. Puyat

1972-1978Dissolved, Martial Law

1978-1986Dissolved, Interim Batasang Pambansa and Regular

Batasang Pambansa

1986-1987Dissolved, 1986 Constitutional Commission

1987-1992 Jovito R. Salonga1992-1993 Neptali A. Gonzales

1993-1995 Edgardo J. Angara

1995-1996 Neptali A. Gonzales

1996-1998 Ernesto M. Maceda

1998-1998 Neptali A. Gonzales

1998-1999 Marcelo B. Fernan

1999-2000 Blas F. Ople

2000-2000 Franklin M. Drilon

2000-2001 Aquilino Pimentel

2001-2006 Franklin M. Drilon

2006-2008 Manuel B. Villar, Jr.2008-present Juan Ponce Enrile

Speakers of the House of Representatives

1907-1922 Sergio Osmea (Philippine Assembly)

1922-1933 Manuel A. Roxas (House of Representatives)

1933-1935 Quintin Paredes (House of Representatives)

1935-1935 Gil Montilla (National Assembly)

1938-1941 Jose Yulo (National Assembly)

1943-1944 Benigno Aquino Sr. (National Assembly, 2nd Republic)

1945-1946 Jose Zulueta (House of Representatives)
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Title Na

Acting Presiding JudgeEdilberto

Sandoval

Executive Clerk of Court Renato

Security and Sheriff Edgardo

Sandiganbayan Judges

(http://sandigan.supremecourt.gov.ph/

Court of Appeals

Title Na

Presiding JudgeAndres

Jr.

Clerk of CourtTeresita

Marigom

Court of Appeals Justices

(http://ca.supremecourt.gov.ph/index.ph

action=justices_list)

1946-1953 Eugenio Perez (House of Representatives)

1954-1957 Jose B. Laurel, Jr. (House of Representatives)

1957-1962 Daniel Romualdez (House of Representatives)

1962-1967 Cornelio Villareal (House of Representatives)

1967-1971 Jose B. Laurel, Jr. (House of Representatives)

1971-1972 Cornelio Villareal (House of Representatives)

1978-1984 Querube C. Makalintal (Interim Batasang Pambansa)

1984-1986 Nicanor E. Yniguez (Regular Batasang Pambansa)

1986-1987Dissolved, 1986 Constitutional Commission

1987-1992 Ramon V. Mitra (House of Representatives)1992-1998 Jose C. De Venecia, Jr.(House of Representatives)

1998-2000 Manuel Villar Jr. (House of Representatives)

2000-2001 Arnulfo Fuentebella (House of Representatives)

2001 Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. (House of Representatives)

2001-2008 Jose C. De Venecia, Jr. (House of Representatives)

2008-2010 Prospero Nograles (House of Representatives)

2010-present Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. (House of Representatives)

Judicial branch

The judiciary branch of the government is headed by the Supreme Court, which has a Chief Justice as its head and 14Associate Justices, all appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council.

Supreme Court Chief Justice: Renato Corona

Chief Justices of the Supreme Court

1901-1920 Cayetano L. Arellano

1920-1921 Victorino M. Mapa

1921-1924 Manuel G. Araullo

1925-1941 Ramon Q. Avacea

1941-1942 Jose Abad Santos

1942-1944 Jose Yulo1945-1951 Manuel V. Moran

1951-1961 Ricardo M. Paras

1961-1966 Cesar Bengzon

1966-1973 Roberto R. Concepcion

1973-1975 Querube C. Makalintal

1976-1979 Fred Ruiz Castro

1979-1985 Enrique M. Fernando

1985-1985 Felix V. Makasiar

1985-1986 Ramon C. Aquino

1986-1988 Claudio Teehankee, Sr.

1988-1988 Pedro Yap

1988-1991 Marcelo B. Fernan

1991-1998 Andres Narvasa

1998-2005 Hilario Davide, Jr.

2005-2006 Artemio Panganiban

2006-2010 Reynato Puno

2010-present Renato Corona

Offices of the Ombudsman

The government and all three of its branches are independently monitored by the Offices of the Ombudsman. The Ombudsmis given the mandate to investigate and prosecute any official/s in government that is allegedly guilty of crimes, especially Gra
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Political_corruptionhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_Ombudsmanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Renato_Coronahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Reynato_Punohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Artemio_Panganibanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Hilario_Davide%2C_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Andres_Narvasahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Marcelo_B._Fernanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Pedro_Yaphttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Claudio_Teehankee%2C_Sr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ramon_C._Aquinohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Felix_V._Makasiarhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Enrique_M._Fernandohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Fred_Ruiz_Castrohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Querube_Makalintalhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Roberto_R._Concepcionhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Cesar_Bengzonhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ricardo_M._Parashttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Manuel_V._Moranhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jose_Yulohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jose_Abad_Santoshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ramon_Q._Avace%C3%B1ahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Manuel_G._Araullohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Victorino_M._Mapahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Cayetano_L._Arellanohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Renato_Coronahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Chief_Justice_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Feliciano_Belmonte%2C_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Prospero_Nograleshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jose_C._De_Venecia%2C_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Feliciano_Belmonte%2C_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Arnulfo_Fuentebellahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Manuel_Villarhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jose_C._De_Venecia%2C_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ramon_V._Mitrahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Querube_Makalintalhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jose_B._Laurel%2C_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jose_B._Laurel%2C_Jr.http://ca.supremecourt.gov.ph/index.php?action=justices_listhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_Court_of_Appealshttp://sandigan.supremecourt.gov.ph/


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and Corruption. The Ombudsman leads a team composed of a sheriff and 6 deputies who lead the their respective divisionsand/or bureaus.

Political parties and elections

For other political parties see List of political parties in the Philippines. An overview on elections and election

results is included in Elections in the Philippines.

Candidate Party Votes %Gloria

Macapagal-

Arroyo

Kabalikat ng Mamamayang Pilipino / Lakas-Christian Muslim

Democrats/ Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan12,905,808 39.99

Fernando Poe,

Jr.Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino/Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 11,782,232 36.51

Panfilo Lacson Independent 3,510,080 10.88

Raul Roco Aksyon Demokratiko 2,082,762 6.45

Eduardo

VillanuevaBangon Pilipinas Movement 1,988,218 6.16

Total 32,269,100 100.0

Summary of the 10 May 2004 Senate of the Philippines election results

Rank Candidate Party Votes

1. Manuel Roxas II K-4 - Liberal Party 19,372,888

2. Ramon Revilla Jr. K-4 - Lakas CMD 15,801,531

3. Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. KNP / PDP-LABAN 13,519,998

4. Maria Ana Consuelo Madrigal KNP - Independent 13,253,692

5. Richard Gordon K-4 - Lakas CMD 12,707,151

6. Pilar Juliana Cayetano K-4 - Lakas CMD 12,542,054

7. Miriam Defensor-Santiago K-4 - PRP 12,187,401

8. Alfredo Lim KNP - Independent 11,286,428

9. Juan Ponce Enrile KNP - PMP 11,191,162

10. Jinggoy Estrada KNP - PMP 11,094,120

11. Manuel Lapid K-4 - Lakas CMD 10,970,941

12. Rodolfo Biazon K-4 - Liberal Party 10,635,270

13. Robert Barbers K-4 - Lakas CMD 10,624,585

14. Ernesto Maceda KNP - NPC 9,944,328

15. John Henry Osmea K-4 - Independent 9,914,179

16. Orlando S. Mercado K-4 - Independent 8,295,024

17. Robert Jaworski K-4 - Lakas-CMD 6,921,425

18. Maria Elisa Anson-Roa KNP - PMP 5,873,845

19. Francisco Tatad KNP - LDP 5,718,740
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Francisco_Tatadhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Boots_Anson-Roahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Robert_Jaworskihttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Orlando_S._Mercadohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=John_Henry_Osme%C3%B1ahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ernesto_Macedahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Robert_Barbershttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Rodolfo_Biazonhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Lito_Lapidhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jinggoy_Estradahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrilehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Alfredo_Limhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Miriam_Defensor-Santiagohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Pia_Cayetanohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Richard_Gordon_%28politician%29http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jamby_Madrigalhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Aquilino_Pimentel%2C_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bong_Revillahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Manuel_Roxas_IIhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_2004http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Senate_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bangon_Pilipinas_Movementhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Eduardo_Villanuevahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Democratic_Action_%28Philippines%29http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Raul_Rocohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Panfilo_Lacsonhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipinohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Koalisyon_ng_Nagkakaisang_Pilipinohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Fernando_Poe%2C_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Koalisyon_ng_Katapatan_at_Karanasan_sa_Kinabukasanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Lakas-Christian_Muslim_Democratshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Kabalikat_ng_Mamamayang_Pilipinohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Elections_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Elections&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Political_parties&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Political_corruption


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20. Heherson Alvarez Independent 4,791,085

21. Ernesto Herrera KNP - Independent 4,612,036

22. Perfecto Yasay Jr. Aksyon Demokratiko 4,408,808

23. Francisco Chavez Aksyon Demokratiko 4,286,838

24. Carlos M. Padilla Independent (LDP Aquino Wing) 3,863,693

25. Salvador Escudero III KNP - Independent / NPC 3,780,469

26. Amina Rasul KNP / PDP-LABAN 3,456,480

27. Jose Sonza Aksyon Demokratiko 2,839,442

28. Parouk Hussin K-4 - Lakas-CMD 2,821,522

29. Didagen Dilangalen KNP - PMP 2,222,069

30. Melanio Mauricio Aksyon Demokratiko 1,144,279

31. Pilar Pilapil Independent 692,137

32. Eduardo Nonato Joson Aksyon Demokratiko 631,041

33. Edgar Ilarde Independent 527,865

34. Nicanor Gatmaytan Jr. Aksyon Demokratiko 453,693

35. Olivia Coo Aksyon Demokratiko 338,846

36. Oliver Lozano KBL 238,272

37. Alvin Alvincent Almirante KBL 206,097

38. Ramon Montao Partido Isang Bansa Isang Diwa 159,735

39. Matuan Usop Partido Isang Bansa Isang Diwa 137,376

40. Angel Rosario Partido Isang Bansa Isang Diwa 98,932

41. Ismael Aparri Partido Isang Bansa Isang Diwa 97,430

42. Norma Nueva KBL 96,129

43. Carmen X. Borja Partido Isang Bansa Isang Diwa 95,755

44. Pendatun Decampong Partido Isang Bansa Isang Diwa 94,713

45. Gerardo del Mundo Independent 88,962

46. El Cid Fajardo Partido Isang Bansa Isang Diwa 79,471

47. Iderlina Pagunuran Partido Isang Bansa Isang Diwa 59,712

48. Arturo Estuita Partido Isang Bansa Isang Diwa 39,094

Note: A total of 48 candidates ran for

senator.

Source: Philippine Commission on Elections

(http://www.comelec.gov.ph)

Summary of the 10 May 2004 House of Representatives of the Philippines election results

Parties Seats

This is the division of seats as published on the website of the House of Representatives.

The first p arty affiliation mentioned is counted. This is not the result of t he elections.

Lakas-Chris tian and Muslim Democrats (Power-Chris tian and Muslim Democrats) 79

Nationalist People's Coalition 40
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Nationalist_People%27s_Coalitionhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Lakas-Christian_Muslim_Democratshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_2004http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippineshttp://www.comelec.gov.ph/http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Oliver_Lozanohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Eddie_Ilardehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Pilar_Pilapilhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Didagen_Dilangalen&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Jay_Sonzahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Carlos_M._Padilla&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Francisco_Chavezhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Perfecto_Yasay_Jr.http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ernesto_Herrerahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Heherson_Alvarez


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Liberal Party 34

Kabalikat ng Mamamayang Pilipino 26

Nacionalista Party {Nationalist Party) 12

Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino {Struggle for Democratic Filipinos} 7

Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Philippines Masses) 2

Democratic Socialist Party of the Philippines (Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas) 2

Buhay 2

Democratic Action (Aksyon Demokratiko) 1

Partido Demokratikong Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (Philippines Democratic Party-National Struggle) 1

Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement) 1

Sarro 1

Partido ng Demokratikong Reporma-Lapiang Manggagawa (Democratic Reform Party) 1

Alayon 1

Partido Magdala 1

Akbayan ! Citizens' Action Party 3

Bayan Muna (Nation First) 3

Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives 3

Anakpawis (Toiling Masses) 2

Butil Farmers Party 1

Coop 1

VFP 1

Amin 1

Ave 1

Alagad 1

Gabriela Women's Party 1

An Waray 1

Workers' Party (Partido ng Manggagawa) 1

Alif 1

Citizen's Battle Against Corruption (Cibac) 1

Non-partisans 4

Total 235

Source: Congress Web site

Summary of the 10 May 2004 House of Representatives of the Philippines Party-List

election result

Party-list Votes %

Below is the result of the party-list vote. Most seats in the Congress are not elected through the party list system
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_general_election%2C_2004http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Citizen%27s_Battle_Against_Corruption&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Alif_%28Philippines%29&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_%28Philippines%29http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=An_Waray&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Gabriela_Women%27s_Partyhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Alagadhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ave_%28Philippines%29&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Amin_%28Philippines%29&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=VFP_%28Philippines%29&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Coop_%28Philippines%29&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Butil_Farmers_Partyhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Anakpawishttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Association_of_Philippine_Electric_Cooperativeshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bayan_Munahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Akbayan_%21_Citizens%27_Action_Party&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Partido_Magdala&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Alayonhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Partido_ng_Demokratikong_Reporma-Lapiang_Manggagawahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Sarro&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Partido_Demokratikong_Pilipino-Lakas_ng_Bayanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Democratic_Action_%28Philippines%29http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Buhay&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Party_of_the_Philippines&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipinohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipinohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Nacionalista_Partyhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Kabalikat_ng_Mamamayang_Pilipinohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_%28Philippines%29


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Bayan Muna 1,203,305 9.4585

Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives 934,995 7.3495

Akbayan ! Citizens' Action Party 852,473 6.7008

Buhay 705,730 5.5473

Anakpawis 538,396 4.2320

Citizen's Battle Against Corruption 495,193 3.8924

Gabriela Women's Party 464,586 3.6518

Partido ng Manggagawa 448,072 3.5220

Butil Farmers Party 429,259 3.3742

Alliance of Volunteer Educators 343,498 2.7000

Alagad 340,977 2.6802

Veterans Freedom Party 340,759 2.6785

Cooperative NATCCO Network Party 270,950 2.1298

Anak Mindanao 269,750 2.1204

Ang Laban ng Indiginong Filipino 269,345 2.1172

An Waray 268,164 2.1079

ABA-AKO 251,597 1.9777

Alliance for Nationalism and Democracy 244,137 1.9190

Senior Citizens/Elderly 236,571 1.8595

Philippines Guardians Brotherhood, Inc. 213,662 1.6795

Anak ng Bayan 213,068 1.6748

Trade Union Congress Party 201,396 1.5831Sanlakas 189,517 1.4897

Bigkis Pinoy Movement 186,264 1.4641

Suara Bangsamoro 164,494 1.2930

Cocofed - Philippine Coconut Producers Federation, Inc. 163,952 1.2887

Sagip-Katwa Foundation, Inc. 161,797 1.2718

Aksyon Sambayan 156,467 1.2299

People's Movement against Poverty 144,740 1.1377

Barangay Association for National Advancement and Transparency 143,454 1.1276

Abay Pamiliya Foundation, Inc. 133,952 1.0529

SMILE 133,425 1.0488

Abanse! Pinay 115,855 0.9107

Total 12,721,952

Source: COMELEC (http://www.comelec.gov.ph/results/2004partylist.html)

During the American occupation, the Nacionalista Party (more like the Republicans) was the dominant party at the time. Thishowever, was interrupted by World War II, when during the Japanese occupation, a new party, the Kapisanan ng Paglilingko
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Kapisanan_ng_Paglilingkod_sa_Bagong_Pilipinashttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Kapisanan_ng_Paglilingkod_sa_Bagong_Pilipinashttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=United_States_Republican_Party&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Nacionalista_Party_%28Philippines%29http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=United_States&action=edithttp://www.comelec.gov.ph/results/2004partylist.htmlhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Abanse%21_Pinay&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=SMILE&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Abay_Pamiliya_Foundation%2C_Inc.&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Barangay_Association_for_National_Advancement_and_Transparency&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=People%27s_Movement_against_Poverty&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Aksyon_Sambayan&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Sagip-Katwa_Foundation%2C_Inc.&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Cocofed_-_Philippine_Coconut_Producers_Federation%2C_Inc.&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Suara_Bangsamoro&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bigkis_Pinoy_Movement&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Sanlakashttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Trade_Union_Congress_Party&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Anak_ng_Bayan&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippines_Guardians_Brotherhood%2C_Inc.&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Senior_Citizens/Elderly&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Nationalism_and_Democracy&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=ABA-AKO&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=An_Waray&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ang_Laban_ng_Indiginong_Filipino&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Anak_Mindanao&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Cooperative_NATCCO_Network_Party&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Veterans_Freedom_Partyhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Alagadhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Alliance_of_Volunteer_Educatorshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Butil_Farmers_Partyhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Partido_ng_Manggagawahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Gabriela_Women%27s_Partyhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Citizen%27s_Battle_Against_Corruption&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Anakpawishttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Buhay&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Akbayan_%21_Citizens%27_Action_Party&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Association_of_Philippine_Electric_Cooperativeshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bayan_Muna


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sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI), was formed. It was the only party that was allowed to operate during the Japanese

occupation of the Philippines.

After the war, KALIBAPI was abolished and the Nacionalistas returned to power. However, a new party, the Liberal Party(similar to the Democrats), was formed after some Nacionalistas split from the original party. This de facto two-party systemwas kept until 1972.

However, when Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law, he formed his own monolithic party, the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan(KBL, New Society Movement). The traditional parties were sidelined. Worse, most of his political opponents wereincarcerated, tortured or even killed. But, a majority of the KBL members were ex-Nacionalistas. In 1978, Marcos called anelection to the interim Batasang Pambansa and an opposition party was formed known as LABAN. Among the candidatesthen were Benigno Aquino, Alex Bongcayao and Ernesto Maceda, to name a few. During that election, only Maceda waselected into office.

In 1984, many opposition parties sprang up. Among them are PDP-LABAN (different from the original LABAN party) ofAquilino Pimentel and UNIDO, or the United Nationalists Democratic Organizations, of Salvador Laurel. The UNIDO wouldlater be an umbrella coalition of opposition against Ferdinand Marcos.

After Marcos was overthrown in the People Power Revolution, other parties appeared, such as Lakas ng Bayan, Laban ngDemokratikong Pilipino or LDP, and the National Union of Christian Democrats (NUCD) of Senator Raul Manglapus.

In 1992 elections, the LDP was split in half. Fidel V. Ramos formed his own party known as the Partido Lakas ng Tao, which

coalesced with the National Union of Christian Democrats. Their union was later known as the Lakas-NUCD, now known aLakas-Christian and Muslim Democrats. The LDP was bannered by Ramon Mitra. During these elections, the NacionalistaParty was also split into two. The Nacionalistas were led by Salvador Laurel while the splinter group led by DandingCojuangco was known as the Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC.

In the 1998 elections, three new political parties were formed: the Partido ng Masang Pilipino of Joseph Estrada, the AksyonDemokratiko (Democratic Action) of Raul Roco, and the Kabalikat ng Mamamayang Pilipino (KAMPI) of Gloria MacapagalArroyo.

There are other regional political parties, such as Panaghiusa (precursor of the Osmeas' BO-PK) and the Mindanao Alliancin Mindanao. However, many of these parties are now defunct.

It is believed that Philippine political parties share one common platform. However, it is also perceived that Philippine politicalparties are also not based on political platform, but rather on personality. Turncoatism is so widespread that there were movefrom lawmakers in the past to make this illegal, since it is believed that switching party allegiances are easy in Philippine

politics. The image of turncoatism among politicians also fuels the belief that many Philippine politicians are opportunist, usingtheir political power for personal gain.

Local government/administrative subdivisions

The Philippines is divided into a hierarchy of local government units (LGUs) with the province as the primary unit. As of 2006there are 80 provinces in the country. Provinces are further subdivided into cities and municipalities, which are in turn,composed of barangays. The barangay is the smallest local government unit. A Philippine province is headed by a Governor.The Provincial Council (Sangguniang Panlalawigan) is composed of the Vice Governor (Presiding Officer) and Provincial

Board Members. A Philippine city and municipality is headed by a Mayor. The City Council (Sangguniang Panlungsod) orMunicipal Council (Sangguniang Bayan) is composed of the Vice Mayor (Presiding Officer) and City or Municipal CouncilorsA barangay is headed by a Barangay Captain who is also the presiding officer of the barangay council. The Barangay Councis composed ofkagawads. A similar unit called Youth Council (Sangguniang Kabataan) is headed by a SK Chairperson whohad similar rank of a Barangay Captain. The council is composed of SK Members.

The term of office of all local elective officials elected is three (3) years, starting from noon of June 30 of an election year. Nlocal elective official shall serve for more than three (3) consecutive terms in the same position. Voluntary renunciation of theoffice for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of service for the full term for which thelective official concerned was elected. Barangay and SK officials are elected to a term of five years starting from noon of tdate as prescribed by law. The current barangay organic law sets the date of November 12 2007 as effectivity date. Thecurrent barangay and SK officials started terms August 15 2002. The next barangay and SK election will be on October 29
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2007.

All provinces are grouped into 17 regions for administrative convenience. Most government offices establish regional offices tserve the constituent provinces. The regions themselves do not possess a separate local government, with the exception of theMuslim Mindanao region, which is autonomous. The Cordillera Administrative Region will become an autonomous region andwill receive the setup granted to Muslim Mindanao if voters would approve an organic law that would create a Cordillera

utonomous Region.

Plans

As of December 2006 President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and others are hoping to amend the constitution to a unicameral,federal, parliamentary system similar to the German constitution. Parliament would be given the power to split the Philippinesinto states with each one having a local legislature responsible for certain functions. Included in the amendments are plans tremove or ease the current ban on foreign ownership of property, land and commercial organizations in the Philippines; toremoved term limits; to further restrict who can run for office; and to change slightly but perhaps meaningfully the freedom ospeech clause. So far efforts have failed. The Senate has not agreed to meet with the House in a Constituent Assembly(ConAss), though the House may soon try to meet as a ConAss without the Senate. An attempt to use an initiative petition toamend was struck down by the Supreme Court. Any amendments proposed by a ConAss, an initiative petition or the thirdalternative, a Constitutional Convention (representatives directly elected to amend the Constitution) must be approved by thevoters.

International organization participation

The Philippines is a founding and active member of the United Nations since its inception on October 24 1945 and is a foundinmember of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The Philippines is also a member of the East Asia Summit(EAS)), an active player in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Latin Union and a member of the Group of24. The country is a major non-NATO ally of the U.S., but also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. Memberships:APEC (1989), AsDB (1966), ASEAN, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCIHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UNU, UPU, ITUC, WCO,WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO,

See alsoRegions of the Philippines

Provinces of the Philippines

Cities of the Philippines

Philippine municipality

Barangay

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