philippines wwii

16
Philippines: World War II By: Patrick Blanco

Upload: patrickblanco

Post on 20-May-2015

2.403 views

Category:

News & Politics


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Philippines wwii

Philippines: World War II

By: Patrick Blanco

Page 2: Philippines wwii

Japanese Plans• Planned to occupy

Philippines as part of their plan of “Great East Asia War”

• Had 3 objectives:– Prevent use of Philippines

as an advance base of American Forces

– To acquire staging areas and supply bases to enhance operations

– To secure communication lines from Japanese Home Island

Page 3: Philippines wwii

Japanese Invasion

• Japan launched surprise attack on December 8, 1941

• Just ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor

• Aerial bombardment was followed by landing of ground troops

Page 4: Philippines wwii

Commonwealth Of The Philippines

• Invaded by Japan in December 1941

• Shortly after Japan’s declaration of war with United States

• Commonwealth government exiled from 1942-1945 under Japanese occupation

Page 5: Philippines wwii

US Defenses

• Recalled MacArthur to active duty

• Named him commander of U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE)

• USAFFE formed Philippine Army’s 1st Regular Division, 2nd Constabulary Division, and 10 mobilized reserve division

Page 6: Philippines wwii

USAFFE• Or U.S. Army Forces in the

Far East• On July 31, 1941, the

Philippine Department had 22,532 assigned

• Half of whom were Filipino• MacArthur recommended

the reassignment of the department commander, Maj. Gen. George Grunert in October 1941

• MacArthur organized USAFFE into 4 commands:– The North Luzon Force

• Activated in Dec 3, 1941• Under Major Gen. Jonathan

Wainwright– The South Luzon Force

• Activated in Dec 13, 1941• Under Brig. Gen. George M.

Parker Jr– The Visayan-Mindanao Force

• Under Brig. Gen. William Sharp

– USAFFE’s Reserve Force• Under MacArthur’s direct

control

Page 7: Philippines wwii

Mobilization• Mobilization plans called

for induction of the ten reserve divisions between 1 September and 15 December 1941

• The most crucial equipment shortfalls were in rifles and divisional light artillery– MacArthur requested

84,500 M1 Garand rifles to replace the World War I Enfields

Page 8: Philippines wwii

Defeat and Retreat• US and Filipino suffered two

defeats from Battle of Bataan and Battle of Corregidor

• US and Filipino surrendered to the Japanese and takes as POWs

• The defeat was the beginning of three and a half years of harsh treatment for the Allied survivors

• Including the Bataan Death March

• And the prison camps, “Hell Ships” used for labor in mines and factories

• MacArthur ordered to retreat in Australia

• Famous last words were “I came out of Bataan and I shall return”

Page 9: Philippines wwii

US in the Philippines

• Under the command of General Douglas MacArthur

• Suffered many ground and naval losses

• Resupply from US of ground forces is impossible

• MacArthur forced to leave

Page 10: Philippines wwii

Philippine Resistance

• Opposed by underground and guerilla activity

• Philippine guerilla movement continued to grow

• Filipinos joined various groups and vowed to fight the Japanese

Page 11: Philippines wwii

Guerilla Forces

• Formed throughout the archipelago during invasion of Japanese

• Gathered and smuggled important military intelligence to US Army

• Built stashes of arms and explosives, assisting the US Army

Page 12: Philippines wwii

Hukbalahap

• “Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon” which means “People’s Army Against the Japanese”

• Military arm Communist Party of the Philippines

• Formed to fight the Japanese occupation

• Under the leadership of Luis Taruc

Page 13: Philippines wwii

Return of MacArthur• Returned well supplied of

information late in 1944• It has been said that in his

return, he knew what every Japanese lieutenant ate for breakfast

• MacArthur's Allied forces landed on the island of Leyte on October 20, 1944 with Osmeña

• Fighting was fierce, particularly in the mountains of northern Luzon

• Japanese had to retreat

Page 14: Philippines wwii

Japan’s last resort

• Used Philippines as the final line of defense

• Kamikaze corps created to defend Philippines

• Guerilla forces averted a big disaster for Japanese

Page 15: Philippines wwii

Philippine’s Aftermath

• Filipino-American resistance lasted for 3 months

• An estimated 1 million Filipinos had been killed

• A large proportion during the final months of the war, and Manila was extensively damaged

• The valor of the Filipino and American soldiers is celebrated

• April 9th in the Philippines, Valor Day or “Araw ng Kagitingan”

Page 16: Philippines wwii

Bibliography

• http://countrystudies.us/philippines/21.htm• http://philippinesfreepress.wordpress.com/

2006/04/09/world-war-ii-in-the-philippines/#comments

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II