PhilosophesIndia, Jay, Cammie, Regan

Welcome to the Kingdom of Heaven…

Adam Smith

• Scottish “social philosopher”

• “Father of modern economics and capitalism” (through “Wealth of Nations)

• Invisible Hand• Division of Labor – “the

pins”• Buddies with Hume

David Hume

• Born in 1711 in Edinburgh Scotland• Believed in a Strong Monarchy• He attacked two basic governmental ideas

• Social contract-society cannot be maintained without a governmental system• Instinctive nature of justice regarding private property-

Diderot

• French Philosopher during the Enlightenment

• Some people are born more privileged than others

• “progressing through technology was doomed to fail”

• Co-founder of “encyclopedie”

• Google can think Diderot…

Rene Descartes‘Father of Modern Philosophy’

France 1596- Sweden 1650

Descartes spent much of his adult life in the Dutch Republic

Meditations on First Philosophy

Epistemological-a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human nature.

Conception and theory of human knowledge

MontesquieuFrance 1689- France 1755

Social commentator and political thinker during the enlightenment

Responsible for feudalism and the theory of separation of powers

Three main forms of government: Monarchies, Republics, and Despotisms

“An empire founded by war has to maintain itself by war”

Rousseau

“Man is born free and everyone is born free”

Noble savage: man is naturally good, but is corrupted by society

The state of nature (hypothetical condition that preceded governments)

Romanticism

Born in Geneva, died in France

Believed in education

Voltaire-Francois Marie Arouet

• French Enlightenment writer and philosopher

• Born in Paris in 1694 however grew up in England

• Believed in an Absolute Monarchy• Everyone treated equally and with justice

• Strongly opposed the Church• Did not get along with Rousseau

• Views differed on almost every subject

Beccaria SpinozaBorn in Italy, died in Italy

Believed in torture and the death penalty

“Happy is the nation without a history”

Crime and punishment

Born in Dutch Republic, died in Dutch Republic

Scientist and rationalist

Deposed Descartes

“Freedom is absolutely necessary for the progress in science and the liberal arts”