Bb/b/ as in bat

Dd/d/ as in dog

Ff/f/ as in fan

Hh/h/ as in hat

Jj/j/ as in jet

Kk/k/ as in key

Ll/l/ as in log

Mm/m/ as in man

Nn/n/ as in nest

Pp/p/ as in pear

Rr/r/ as in rat

Tt/t/ as in top

Vv/v/ as in van

Ww/w/ as in wet

Yy/y/ as in yo-yo

Zz/z/ as in zoo

bb - /b/

bubble

dd - /d/

puddle

gg - /g/

juggle

pp - /p/

apple

tt - /t/

butter

zz - /z/

puzzle

Cc Gg Ss Xx

/k/ sound

cat

/g/ sound

goat

/s/ sound

sofa

/ks/ sound

fox

/s/ sound

cent

/j/ sound

giraffe

/z/ sound

rose

/gs/ sound

exam

/z/ sound

xylophone

Qis usually

followed by Uand makes the

/kw/ sound

queen

quail

Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu Long //

as in peLong //

as in beLong //as in kte

Long //

as in bw

Long //

as in tbe

Short //

as in pple

Short //

as in nt

Short //as in gloo

Short //

as in mp

Short //

as in dck

OO

can sound like /oo/ in

book

cookie

OO

can sound like /oo/ in

moon

boots

is a vowel if it is not

the first letter of a syllable, or

if it is the only letter of a syllable.hairy bybaby gym fly

ay - / / hay

ai - / /tail

ee - //cheese

ea - //leaf

ea - //bread

ey - //monkey

ie - / /tie

oa - //boat

oe - //toes

ou - //poultry

ue - / / glue

ui - / / juice

Every vowel can make the schwa sound / /. It is the sound of an

unstressed vowel in an unstressed syllable.

about item decimal harmony circus syringeadept taken pencil gallop supply sibyl

e

/är/ /âr/ /ër/ /îr/ /ôr/ /ûr/

starguitar

carsharkare

bearchaircareair

pear

hammer

spidermotherpowerolder

tearpierhearsteerclear

horsefor

boardpour

award

birdher

wordwerefur

A vowel followed by an R makes a special sound.

/ô/ / / / / // // /oo/

sawcauseball

thought

steakeightveilthey

piece brieffield

grieves

eyeheist

heightgeyser

ewedeuce fewnew

soupyoutwo

sleuth

/oy/ toysboyjoy

alloy

oilcoilspoilsoil

/ou/ cowtowelvowelowl

roundbouncesoundout

Not all vowels follow the rules.

block brick clown crayons

drum flag frog glove

grill plum prince scale

skate slug smell snake

spoon stamp sweater truck

2 consonants that make 2 sounds together at the start of a word.

insect

gift bulb shield elf

milk scalp belt lamp

hand king bank ant

slept desk wasp vest

2 consonants that make 2 sounds together at the end of a word.

gn - /n/ sign

kn - /n/ knight

mb - /m/ lamb

wr - /r/ wrench

2 consonants - 1 makes a sound, 1 is silent.

ch - /ch/ chick

ck - /k/ clock

gh - /g/ ghost

ph - /f/ phone

sh - /sh/ shuttle

th - /th/ thumb

th - /th/ weather

wh - /hw/ whale

2 consonants that make 1 sound

chr - /kr/ Christmas

sch - /sk/ school

scr - /skr/ screwdriver

shr - /shr/ shred

sph - /sf/ sphinx

spr - /spr/ spring

str - /str/ strawberry

thr - /thr/ three

3 consonants blended together. They often contain digraphs.

Bb /b/ as in bat

Dd /d/ as in dog

Ff /f/ as in fan

Hh /h/ as in hat

Jj /j/ as in jet

Kk /k/ as in key

Ll /l/ as in log

Mm /m/ as in man

Nn /n/ as in nest

Pp /p/ as in pear

Rr /r/ as in rat

Tt /t/ as in top

Vv /v/ as in van

Ww /w/ as in wet

Yy /y/ as in yo-yo

Zz /z/ as in zoo

Cc Gg Ss Xx /k/ sound cat

/g/ sound goat

/s/ sound sofa

/ks/ sound fox

/s/ sound cent

/j/ sound giraffe

/z/ sound rose

/gs/ sound exam

/z/ sound xylophone

bb - /b/ bubble

dd - /d/ puddle

gg - /g/ juggle

pp - /p/ apple

tt - /t/ butter

zz - /z/ puzzle

Q is always

followed by Uand makes the

/kw/ sound

queen

quail

Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu Long /ā/ as in āpe

Long /ē/ as in bēe

Long /ī/ as in kīte

Long /ō/ as in bōw

Long /ū/ as in tūbe

Short /ă/ as in ăpple

Short /ĕ/ as in nĕt

Short /ĭ/ as in ĭgloo

Short /ŏ/ as in mŏp

Short /ŭ/ as in dŭck

OOcan sound

like /oo/ in book

cookie

OOcan sound

like /oo/ in moon

boots

is a vowel if it is not

the first letter of a syllable, or if

it is the only letter of a syllable. hairy bybaby gym fly

ay - /ā / hay

ai - /ā / tail

ee - /ē/ cheese

ea - /ē/ leaf

ea - /ĕ/ bread

ey - /ē/ monkey

ie - /ī / tie

oa - /ō/ boat

oe - /ō/ toes

ou - /ō/ poultry

ue - /ū / glue

ui - /ū / juice

Every letter makes the schwa sound / /. It is the sound of an

unstressed vowel in an unstressed syllable. about item decimal harmony circus syringe adept taken pencil gallop supply sibyl

e

/är/ /âr/ /ër/ /îr/ /ôr/ /ûr/

starguitar

car sharkare

bearchaircareair

pear

hammerspidermotherpowerolder

tearpierhearsteerclear

horse for

board pour

award

bird her

word werefur

A vowel followed by an R makes a special sound.

/ô/ /ā / /ē / /ī/ /ū/ /oo/

saw cause ball

thought

steak eight veil they

piece brief field

grieves

eye heist

height geyser

ewe deuce fewnew

soup youtwo

sleuth

/oy/ toys boyjoy

alloy

oil coil spoil soil

/ou/ cowtowel vowel owl

round bounce sound out

Not all vowels follow the rules.

block brick clown crayons

drum flag frog glove

grill plum prince scale

skate slug smell snake

spoon stamp sweater truck

2 consonants that make 2 sounds together at the start of a word.

insect

gift bulb shield elf

milk scalp belt lamp

hand king bank ant

slept desk wasp vest

2 consonants that make 2 sounds together at the end of a word.

gn - /n/ sign

kn - /n/ knight

mb - /m/ lamb

wr - /r/ wrench

2 consonants - 1 makes a sound, 1 is silent.

ch - /ch/ chick

ck - /k/ clock

gh - /g/ ghost

ph - /f/ phone

sh - /sh/ shuttle

th - /th/ thumb

th - /th/ weather

wh - /hw/ whale

2 consonants that make 1 sound

chr - /kr/ Christmas

sch - /sk/ school

scr - /skr/ screwdriver

shr - /shr/ shred

sph - /sf/ sphinx

spr - /spr/ spring

str - /str/ strawberry

thr - /thr/ three

3 consonants blended together. They often contain digraphs.