phonics. what is it?? phonics is an organized program where letter/sound correspondences are...
TRANSCRIPT
Phonic Elements• 44 sounds in English
Language
• 26 letters
• English = very irregular
• Spanish = very regular
Teaching Phonics• Instruction should be
systematic (building gradually from basic elements to more complex patterns)
• Instruction should be explicit (making sure kids understand key points)
Systematic and Explicit Phonics Instruction:• Significantly improves Kdg.
and 1st grade children’s word recognition and spelling
• Is effective for children from all social, cultural and economic levels
• Is particularly beneficial for struggling readers
Systematic and Explicit Phonics Instruction:• Is most effective when
introduced early
• Is not an entire reading program for beginning readers
• Can be used effectively with whole class, small groups or individual students
Teaching Sequence• Single consonants
• Begin with letters that are highly regular (eg., f, l. m, n, s, v, z)
• Don’t add “Don’t add “buhbuh” at end of sound” at end of sound!
• Short vowels • a = apple• e = elephant• i = incense• o = octopus• u = umbrella
C-V-C words can now be read
Sequence (con’t)
• Blends - 2 consonants blended together ( eg., bl, dr, tr, fl, st, etc.)
• Long Vowels - easy to learn and reinforce with
C-VCe words ( rate, bite, hope, tube, etc.)
Sequence ( con’t)
• Digraphs – 2 letters that make a unique sound (sh, ch, th, ph)
• Diphthongs – complex sounds formed by shifting form one vowel sound to another ( oi, oy, au, aw)
• R-controlled vowels-– /ar/ /ir/– /or/ /er/
/ur/
Pattern Description Examples
Two sounds of c
The letter c can be pronounced as /k/ or /s/. When c is followed by a, o, or u, it is pronounced /k/ - the hard c sound. When c is followed by e, i, or y, it is pronounced /s/ - the soft c sound.
catcoughcutcentcitycycle
Two sounds of g
The sound is associated with the letter g depends on the letter following it. When g is followed by a, o, or u, it is pronounced as /g/ - the hard g sound. When g is followed by e, i, or y, it is usually pronounced /j/ - the soft g sound. Exceptions include get and give.
gategoguessgentlegiantgypsy
CVC pattern When a one-syllable word has only one vowel and the vowel and the vowel comes between two consonants, it is usually short. One exception is told.
batcupland
Final e or CVCe pattern
When there are two vowels in a one-syllable word and one of them is an e at the end of the word, the first vowel is long and the final e is silent. Three exceptions are have, come, and love.
homesafecute
Phonic Generalizations (con’t)
CV pattern When a vowel follows a consonant in a one-syllable word, the vowel is long. Exceptions include the, to, and do.
gobe
R-controlled vowels
Vowels that are followed by the letter r are overpowered and are neither short nor long. One exception is fire.
carfor birthday
-igh When gh follows i, the i is long and the gh is silent. One exception is neighbor.
highnight
Kn- and wr- In words beginning with kn- and wr-, the first letter is not pronounced.
kneewrite
Types of Approaches• Synthetic = explicitly
converting letters into sounds and then blending them together to form words
• Analogy= teaching unfamiliar words by recognizing onsets and rimes
Onsets and Rimes• Onsets- the initial part of
a word that precedes the vowel.
• Rime- the part of the word that rhymes or shares the same letter pattern
Onsets and Rimes• Builds upon syllable
approach to teaching reading in Spanish
• Stresses pronounceable syllables
• Word families-an, -at, -ell, -eg, -ill, -ip, -og, -ot,-ub, -ug