phosphorous transport in surface overland flow

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Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland Flow Graduate Student: Mark Breunig Graduate Advisor: Dr. Paul 1

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Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland Flow. Graduate Student: Mark Breunig Graduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley. OVERVIEW. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES LITERATURE REVIEW PROPOSED METHODS. Graduate Student: Mark Breunig Graduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley. 1. INTRODUCTION. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland  Flow

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Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland Flow

Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

Page 2: Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland  Flow

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OVERVIEW

Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

1. INTRODUCTION2. OBJECTIVES3. LITERATURE REVIEW4. PROPOSED METHODS

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1. INTRODUCTION

Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

Photo Credit: WEAL 2008

Page 4: Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland  Flow

4Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

1. INTRODUCTION

PHOSPHOROUSEutrophication

Page 5: Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland  Flow

5Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

1. INTRODUCTION

MODELSNeed to achieve a more accurate representation of the processes to allow effective management decisions to be made.

Spatially Explicit???

ExportTransport

Delivery

In-stream Processing

Page 6: Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland  Flow

6Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

1. INTRODUCTION

SCALE“Field Scale”“Watershed Scale”

temporal & spatial

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2. OBJECTIVES

Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

Page 8: Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland  Flow

8Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

2. OBJECTIVES

1. IDENTIFY PREDICTIVE ACCURACY OF EPHEMERAL CHANNEL LOCATIONS

2. ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF SPATIAL CONFIGURATION

3. ANALYZE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT MODEL STRUCTURES

4. DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF GRID CELL SIZE HAS ON 1,2,3

Use LIDAR based DEM in Waupaca County and 11 flume monitoring stations to…

The Big Picture: Achieve a better understanding of the processes that effect phosphorous transport in surface overland flow. This will be used to contribute to developing a refined P-Index for SNAP-Plus.

Page 9: Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland  Flow

9Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

2. OBJECTIVES

2. ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF SPATIAL CONFIGURATION

Compare the efficiency of a simple, non-spatially explicit phosphorous model to different topographically based models when compared to observed phosphorous yields in potential contributing areas of roughly 400 acres.

% land use vs spatially explicit topographic index

Page 10: Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland  Flow

10Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

2. OBJECTIVES

3. ANALYZE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT MODEL STRUCTURESCompare the predictive capability of four different topographically based phosphorous models to observed phosphorous yields in contributing areas of roughly 400 acres.

a) Determine if including a transport-decay term will enhance model efficiency.

b) Test whether using the SNAP-Plus phosphorous index instead of generic export coefficients provides enhanced model performance.

Model

Phosphorous

decay term? Export Coefficient

II Nogeneric for all land uses

III Yes

IV No SNAP-Plus P Index for cultivated fields, generic for other land use type

V Yes

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11Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

2. OBJECTIVES

Assess to what extent the spatial resolution of the digital elevation model effects the prediction of locations of ephemeral channels and accuracy of phosphorous loads made by the simple non-spatially explicit model and the 4 topographically based models.

4. DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF GRID CELL SIZE

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3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

Page 13: Phosphorous Transport in Surface Overland  Flow

13Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

f(x) = 0.802759548071393 x − 1.45472763242166R² = 0.456952636652612

Actual Area vs logTPmedF

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

f(x) = 0.816811493291836 x − 1.45514601767149R² = 0.462869364572941

Pixel Value vs logTPmedF

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,0000

102030405060708090

100

0.050000.010000.002500.001000.000430.000220.000110.000060.000030.000010.00000

Distance (m)

Pixe

l Val

ue (%

effe

ctive

)

0.0%10.0%

20.0%30.0%

40.0%50.0%

60.0%70.0%

80.0%90.0%

100.0%

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

Relative Diff vs logTPmedF

b=.00022 b=.001 b=.0025

Robertson 2006

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14Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Boomer 2008

Summary of Study and Model R2 (%)78 catchments in Chesapeake Bay watershed, USABoomer et al. 2008 55log(SY kg/ha/yr) = 30.71(mean soil erodibility) +0.86log((Q)-0.23(relief ratio)-0.68(sqrt(%forest)) +0.33(Appalachian Plateau)

32 catchments in the Magdalena River watershed, Columbian Andes in South AmericaRestrepo et al. 2006log(SY Mg/Km/yr)=-0.884+0.814log(runoff mm/yr)-0.3906log(average max Q) 58

23 catchments in the Patuxent River watershed, MDWeller et al. 2003TSS(mg/L)=1(%cropland)+0.6(%development)+0.7(Coastal Plain) +11.5(Week) +17.2(%cropland*week) +7.8(%development*week) +11.8(Coastal Plain*week) +6.9(%cropland*Coastal Plain*week) 58

26 catchments in Central BelgiumVerstraeten et al. 2001

log(SY Mg/ha/yr)=3.7-0.7log(area ha)-0.84log(hypsometric integral)+0.11log(drainage length in m) 76

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15Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Boomer 2008

21 catchments in the Fish River watershed, AlBasnyat et al. 1999log(TSS mg/L)=3.7(%forest)+17.33(%development)-20.7(%orchard) +11.5(%cropland) +17.66(%pasture) 76

17 catchments in the Chesapeake Bay watershedJones et al. 2001log(SY kg/ha/yr)=8.472+0.079(%development)-0.116(%wetland)-0.038(riparian forest) 79

Summary of Study and Model R2 (%)

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16Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Authors commonly attribute unsatisfactory results to inadequate spatial data.

A few examples:Hunsaker 1995Sorrano 1996Jain 2000Jones 2001Richards 2006Boomer 2008

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17Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Improper model use

Topographic IndicesTOPMODEL – shallow soils, moderate topographyWetness IndexErosion Index

SNAP-Plus

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4. PROPOSED METHODS

Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

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19Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

4. PROPOSED METHODS – SITE SELECTION

11 ephemeral channel monitoring sites will be selected within Waupaca County.

series of hierarchical criteria:

1. Potential contributing area of approximately 400 acres.2. Area around the ephemeral channel must have the correct morphology to

ensure a flat-crested long-throated flume can collect a representative water quality sample and volume of runoff.

3. Preliminary Modeling to predict proper distribution of P - % land use.4. SNAP-Plus Feasibility.5. Site access.

Sites that represent the ideal distribution of percent agriculture will be pursued to as much degree as feasible.

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20Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

4. PROPOSED METHODS – STATISTICS

1. Kendall’s Tau rank correlation test for small sample sizes of non-parametric data with outliers

2. Person Product moment correlation coefficient to asses linearity3. Coefficient of determination.4. Adjusted R2 – parsimony.5. Spatial and temporal resolution sensitivity analysis.

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21Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

4. PROPOSED METHODS – FLUMES

Flat-crested long throated flumeComputer calibration – WinFlume

Very accurate

Fit a variety of channel shapes

http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/pubs/wmm/fig/F08_05L.GIF

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22Graduate Student: Mark BreunigGraduate Advisor: Dr. Paul McGinley

FINAL THOUGHTS