photography design elements, design principles & compositional

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Page 1: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 2: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Design ElementsDesign Elements

The Design Elements form the basic vocabulary of Visual Design. They create interest through an image by creating focal points to draw your eye to.

We think of the elements as the basic visual material with which to make art.

Page 3: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

LineLine *Line is the most simplest building blocks. Line can be used to portray a sense of movement

throughout an image or lead your eye to a subject within a photograph.

*Line is not limited by straight lines but many photos have curved lines, or zig zag lines, such as roads as they bend and even foot paths that wind.

*Line can be real for instance an outline or can be implied for instance a flock of birds flying in a V formation

Page 4: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 5: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

ToneTone *Most black and white images contain a range of tonal

gradations. Tone is evident in both colour and black and white photographs.

*An image that is rich in tone can appear much more realistic. Tone provides an image with a certain three dimensionality.

Page 6: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 7: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

ContrastContrast*Contrast in a black and white image refers to the difference between black and white.

*An image that has a low tonal range can be high in contrast. The less tone in an image the more contrast it has.

*In a colour image, contrast can arise when there are not many colours present in the image.

*The use of contrast can create a sense of harshness,and can make an image appear bold and graphic.

Page 8: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 9: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

ShapeShape *Shape is an area enclosed by lines or curves. It can be geometric or organic. A shape

automatically creates a negative space around it.

*Shapes can be familiar for instance circles, triangles and rectangles.

*Shapes can be used to create pattern and provide the viewer with a sense of harmony.

Page 10: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 11: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

FormForm*Form can be created by forming two or more shapes. Form is

considered three dimensional showing height, width and depth.

*Tone is often presented when looking at an image displaying form. Form assists increating realism within a photographic image.

Page 12: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 13: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

TextureTexture *Texture refers to the surface of the way in which something

looks an feels. You can detect texture with your five senses.

*Texture can enhance the visual appeal of an image, by enhancing tactile qualities as well as creating realism and a sense of three dimensionality.

*Some examples include prickly grass sheets on a wall, white rocky pebbles imbedded in concrete, scaly and dry snake skin.

Page 14: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 15: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

ColourColour *Colour is the most expensive element of art and is seen by

the way light reflects off a surface.

*Colour is used to create illusion, depth, and appeal to visual senses.

*Cooler colours recede ( go back in to the distance) and warmer colours advance (come forward)

Page 16: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 17: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

ColourColour *Colour can be used to draw the attention to parts of the

image and can be used to create visual harmony.

*Colours can also be contrasting within an image which can often create added interest

* Black and white are not colours but are considered shades

Page 18: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Colour Harmony/Unity

Page 19: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Colour Harmony/Unity

Page 20: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Contrasting Colours

Page 21: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

ColourColour

* There are three four terms that we associate with colour

Hue: The pure or true colour, Red/Blue/Green/Yellow are all huesTint: A tint is a hue with added white to lighten itShade: A shade is a hue with added black to darken itSaturation: Saturation intensifies or dilutes a hue

Page 22: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Colour WheelColour Wheel

Page 23: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

ColourColourColours can have a variety of relationships

*Warm Colours (Advancing colours)Includes yellows, oranges. reds

*Cool Colours (Receding colours)Includes blues, greens, purples

Warm & Cool colours appeal to human emotions

Page 24: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Colours that recede and advance

Page 25: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

ColourColourPrimary Colours (Colours that can not be achieved by mixing colours)Are Red, Blue, and Yellow

Secondary colours (Colours that are made by mixing two primary colours together)Are Orange, Green, Purple

Analogous Colours (Help us relate similar colours). They are next to each other on the colour wheel. There are three or more colours in an analogous run.For instance Purple, pink, and red

Page 26: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Analogous RunAnalogous Run

Page 27: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Analogous Warm Colours

Page 28: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Analogous cool colours

Page 29: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

ColourColour

Monochromatic Colours ( Monochromatic schemes have only one colour) In Greek Mono means only one and chroma means colour.For instance yellow

Achromatic colours ( Achromatic colour schemes only include, black, whites or greys. In greek A means none and chroma means colour.For instance an image made up of Greys, Dark Greys, Blacks and Whites and Light Greys

Page 30: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Monochromatic Colour

Page 31: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Achromatic photograph

Page 32: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Design PrinciplesDesign Principles

The Design Elements form the basic vocabulary of Visual Design. They create interest through an image by creating focal points to draw your eye to.

We think of the elements as the basic visual material with which to make art.

Page 33: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

SymmetrySymmetry

The concept of symmetry is related to visual balance in art. Symmetry occurs when an image is split in to two and both halves are identical. Symmetry presents a mirror image.

For example a butterfly has symmetry or is symmetrical, because one wing matches the other.

Symmetry is designed to create a visual sense of balance within an image.

Page 34: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 35: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

AsymmetryAsymmetry

Asymmetry occurs when an image is split in to two and both halves are not identical. When an image is not the same on both sides it is said to be asymmetrical, because on half of the image does not present a mirror image of the other half.

Asymmetry is designed to create a visual interest and variety. It can often cause an image to appear imbalanced. Asymmetry can also create a juxtaposition of objects within the frame pitting one side against the other.

Page 36: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 37: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

FramingFraming

Framing is a technique used to bring the viewers eye to a point of interest, also known as the focal point.

It involves the idea of composing your subject with a frame around it. A photographic frame is something that acts as a border or frame for your subject. The use of framing can also create perspective and depth. An example of framing would be a subject standing in a doorway. The doorway would be acting like a frame to the subject.

Page 38: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 39: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

CroppingCropping

The idea of cropping is to focus in on an area. An image can often be filed with objects that are unimportant to the overall message or meaning of the image. In order to simplify the photograph open format cropping can be used..This can be effective when creating portraits as it can often provide a closer and much more intimate view of the subject. Overall cropping provides an intensified and much closer point of view.

Page 40: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 41: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

RepetitionRepetition/Rhythm/Rhythm

Repetition and rhythm are the repeating parts within a design, such as shapes colours or lines. Repetition involves using similar things over and over again.Rhythm on the other hand uses repetition to create a pattern. Repetition and rhythm are just as important to art as they are to music. Repetition is like the beat and Rhythm is like the melody. Our ears pick out the beat but follow the melody. Repetition can create reinforcement within a image whilst rhythm can create a flow, and allow your eyes to be guided by it.

Page 42: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 43: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

CompositionComposition The term composition refers to the way in which the

elements and principles are arranged within the frame. Think of a landscape photograph as a jig saw puzzle, with dozens of different pieces demanding your attention.

If you arrange all those pieces in the right order you’ll end up with an organised, structured image that makes sense and looks good. But if you put them together in any old way it will look like a muddled mess, and will become difficult to make sense of.

Page 44: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

CompositionComposition

Composition is all about arranging the elements of a scene in your cameras viewfinder so they form something visually interesting to look at.

Every time you raise the camera to your eye you are composing a picture – the very act of deciding about what you want to include and what to exclude in the picture. As a photographer take the time to think about the composition before shooting away.

Page 45: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Think about your composition

Page 46: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Compositional StructuresCompositional Structures

Compositional structures help create a sense of order within your images. There are generally three compositional structures that make up most of the images we see in the media.

1.CENTRAL COMPOSITION2.RULE OF THIRDS

3. GOLDEN SECTION

Page 47: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Central CompositionCentral Composition

Placing an object in the centre of the frame is perhaps the most powerful compositional structure.

Central composition is said to have the most visual impact when looking at a photograph because all the focus is drawn in to the centre of the frame.

Having an object placed in the centre of the frame demands the viewers attention and is the strongest compositional structure.

Page 48: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 49: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Rule of thirdsRule of thirds

The rule of thirds is one of the most popular ‘rules’ in photography.

Imaginary lines are drawn dividing the image into thirds both horizontally and vertically. You place important elements of your composition where these lines intersect.

The main focal point can be placed within one or more of the intersect points. However if one object is placed within every intersect point it then creates central composition.

Page 50: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 51: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 52: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Golden SectionGolden Section

This refers to the ratio of 5:8 within an image. This often applies to landscape, where there is a smaller portion of land to sky within an image or vice versa.

This compositional structure is said to appear to the viewer as peaceful and does not tend to challenge the viewer when viewing the image.

Page 53: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 54: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional
Page 55: Photography design elements, design principles & compositional

Major Practical AssignmentMajor Practical Assignment