photosynthesis converts ___________energy into the chemical energy of a ____________________in this...
TRANSCRIPT
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Photosynthesis• Converts ___________energy into the chemical energy of a
____________________in this way:• Solar energy + carbon dioxide + water →
_________________________• Photosynthetic organisms include plants, algae, and
certain bacteria.• These organisms are called ___________________; they
synthesize organic molecules from raw materials.
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Photosynthetic Organisms
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Nearly all life is dependent on solar energy because:
1) Photosynthetic organisms use _______________to produce organic nutrients.
2) Almost all organisms depend either directly or indirectly on these organic nutrients to sustain themselves.
3) Photosynthetic organisms provide food for other organisms, known as _________________.
4) The _____________________became the coal or other fossil fuels used today.
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Structure and Function of Chloroplasts• ____________________are the organelles that carry on
photosynthesis.• ___________________in the middle of a leaf house chloroplasts• Mesophyll cells are protected from drying out by a
__________________________.• Pores called _____________ allow CO2 and O2 to enter the leaf.
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Visible Light• Radiant energy from the sun (solar energy) can be described in
terms of its ____________________________________.
• The colors in visible light range from _________ (the shortest wavelength and highest energy) to blue, green, yellow, orange, and __________ (the longest wavelength and lowest energy).
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• _______________ (chlorophylls and carotenoids) found within photosynthesizing cells, are capable of _______________various portions of visible light.
• Both ____________________________absorb violet, blue, and red light best.
• Leaves appear green because _________________________and only minimally absorbed.
Visible Light & Plants
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•It is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction for short.•Oxidation is the loss of electrons; hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose.•Reduction is the gain of electrons; oxygen atoms gain electrons.•Remember OIL RIG (oxidation is loss, reduction is gain)
Photosynthetic Reactions
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Overview of Photosynthesis
• A simplified overall equation for photosynthesis is:
• __________________________________________________
• During photosynthesis, water molecules are __________________; they lose electrons (e-) along with hydrogen ions (H+).
• Also, ______________and gains electrons given up by H2O.
• Electrons from H2O are energized _________________.
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Two Sets of Reactions
• Photosynthesis is divided into two sets of reactions, as implied by the term “photosynthesis”:
• ___________refers to the light-dependent (needs light) reactions that capture energy from the sun • ___________________• ___________________
• “Synthesis” refers to the ____________________ (does not need light) reactions that produce carbohydrate.• ___________________
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Light-Dependent Reactions • During the light-dependent reactions, light energy is absorbed by
chlorophyll molecules. _______________________is produced.
• Inside the chloroplast, water is split to produce __________________________________________, the starting ingredients for photosynthesis
Photosystem II• The electrons are excited by ___________________(from the sun).
These excited electrons are passed through a series of electron carriers. Energy from these excited electrons is used to ____________________________through the chloroplast
• An enzyme (___________________) uses the energy from these moving ions to generate ATP.
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Light-Dependent Reactions Photosystem I• Electrons are excited by incoming light energy (from the sun). These
excited electrons are passed through a series of different electron carriers (_____________________________).
• As electrons pass down this chain, they combine with the molecule _____________________________
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Electron Transport System
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Light-Independent Reactions
• The light-independent reactions do not need light and consist of the _____________________.
• During the Calvin Cycle, ____________________is taken up by the plant (from the atmosphere)
• During the Calvin cycle, ____________________(made from the light dependant reactions) add phosphates and electrons to CO2, and convert it to glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate, or G3P
• G3P is a type of sugar which a plant can easily convert to ________________. This glucose can then be used as a source of stored energy for the plant
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The Calvin Cycle
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Overview of Photosynthesis