photosynthesis: life from light and co 2 energy needs of life all life needs a constant input of...
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![Page 1: Photosynthesis: Life from Light and CO 2 Energy needs of life All life needs a constant input of energy Heterotrophs (Animals) Get energy…](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e5f5503460f94b59363/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Photosynthesis:Life from Light and CO2
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Energy needs of life All life needs a constant input of energy
Heterotrophs (Animals) Get energy…. Convert energy….
Autotrophs (Plants) Ger energy… convert energy… build organic molecules (CHO) from CO2
consumers
producers
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NPK
…
H2O
What does it mean to be a plant Need to…
collect light energy transform it into chemical energy
store light energy in a stable form to be moved around
the plant or stored need to get building block atoms
from the environment C,H,O,N,P,K,S,Mg
produce all organic molecules needed for growth carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
ATP
glucose
CO2
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Plant structure What structures do the
following? Absorb sunlight
leaves = solar pigments Obtain CO2
stomates H2O
uptake from roots nutrients
N, P, K, S, Mg, Fe… uptake from roots
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stomate
transpirationgas exchange
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Chloroplasts
chloroplastsin plant cell
cross sectionof leafleaves
chloroplast
absorbsunlight & CO2
makeenergy & sugar
chloroplastscontain
chlorophyll
CO2
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Chloroplasts double membrane stroma
fluid-filled interior thylakoid sacs grana stacks
Thylakoid membrane contains chlorophyll molecules electron transport chain ATP synthase
H+ gradient built up within thylakoid sac
Plant structure H+ H+
H+
H+
H+H+
H+ H+
H+H+
H+
outer membrane inner membrane
thylakoidgranum
stroma
thylakoid
chloroplast
ATP
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Photosynthesis
Light reactions light-dependent reactions energy conversion reactions
convert solar energy to chemical energy ATP & NADPH
Calvin cycle light-independent reactions sugar building reactions
uses chemical energy (ATP & NADPH) to reduce CO2 & synthesize C6H12O6
It’s not theDark Reactions!
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Electron Transport Chain like in cellular respiration
proteins in organelle membrane electron carriers
NADPH proton (H+)
gradient across inner membrane find the double membrane!
ATP synthase enzyme
Light reactionsH+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+ATP
thylakoidchloroplast
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Mitochondria energy of mighty electrons is converted into chemical energy of ATP
use electron carrier NADH
Chemiosmosis of Respiration
Consumes O2
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Chemiosmosis of Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts transform light energy into chemical energy of ATP
use electron carrier NADPH
Produces O2
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The ATP that “Jack” built
moves the electrons runs the pump pumps the protons builds the gradient drives the flow of protons
through ATP synthase bonds Pi to ADP
generates the ATP
… that evolution built
sunlight oxidation of C6H12O6
respirationphotosynthesis
H+
ADP + Pi
H+H+
H+
H+ H+
H+H+
H+
ATP
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Pigments of photosynthesis
How does thismolecular structure
fit its function?
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A Look at Light The spectrum of color
ROYGBIV
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Photosystems of photosynthesis 2 photosystems in
thylakoid membrane Like solar grids that
harvest light energy Both have chl a in their
reaction centers.
reactioncenter
antennapigments
What do the antennapigments do?
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Light: absorption spectra
Why areplants green?
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How can this be?
Function of all pigments
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ETC of Photosynthesis
Photosystem II
Photosystem I
chlorophyll a
chlorophyll a
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1
ETC of Photosynthesis
ee
sun
Photosystem IIP680
chlorophyll a
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12
ETC of Photosynthesis
Photosystem IIP680
chlorophyll a
OH H
H
H
Inhale, baby!
e e
ee
e-
e-
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+ATP
thylakoidchloroplast
H+
+H
OO
Plants SPLIT water!
fill the e– vacancy
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12
H+
H+
3
4
H+
ADP + Pi
H+H+
H+
H+ H+
H+H+H+
ee
e e
ATP
to Calvin Cycle
energy to buildcarbohydrates
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+H+
H+ATP
thylakoidchloroplast
Photosystem IIP680
chlorophyll a
ETC of Photosynthesis
ATP
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ee
e e
sun
5
Photosystem IIP680
chlorophyll a
Photosystem IP700
chlorophyll b
e e
ETC of Photosynthesis
e e fill th
e e– vacancy
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6
electron carrier
ee
e e
5sun
NADPH toCalvin Cycle
Photosystem IIP680
chlorophyll a
Photosystem IP700
chlorophyll b$$ in the bank…reducing power!
ETC of Photosynthesis
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split H2O
ETC of Photosynthesis
O
ATP
to Calvin CycleH+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+
H+
e e
e e
sun sun
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6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy + ++
Experimental evidence Where did the O2 come from?
radioactive tracer = O18
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy + ++
Experiment 1
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy + ++
Experiment 2
What conclusion is discerned from this data?
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Noncyclic Photophosphorylation Light reactions elevate
electrons in 2 steps (PS II & PS I) PS II generates
energy as ATP PS I generates
reducing power as NADPH
ATP
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Cyclic photophosphorylation If PS I can’t pass electron
to NADP…it cycles back to PS II & makes more ATP, but no NADPH coordinates light
reactions to Calvin cycle Calvin cycle uses more
ATP than NADPH
18 ATP +12 NADPH
1 C6H12O6
ATP
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Photophosphorylation
NONcyclicphotophosphorylation
cyclicphotophosphorylation
ATP
NADP
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Photosynthesis summary Where did the energy come from?
Where did the electrons come from?
Where did the H2O come from?
Where did the O2 come from?
Where did the O2 go?
Where did the H+ come from?
Where did the ATP come from?
What will the ATP be used for?
Where did the NADPH come from?
What will the NADPH be used for?…stay tuned for the Calvin cycle
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You can grow if you Ask Questions!
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Ghosts of Lectures Past(storage)
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Stomates