photovoltaics. pv applications multicrystalline silicon casting, wafers, and pv cells (...
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Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
PV Applications
Multicrystalline siliconcasting, wafers, and PV cells (
Photovoltaics
PV cells
Photovoltaics
Cross-sectional view of a PV cell, showing the photo-receptive surface and the p/n junction
Photovoltaics
An n-type material has an increased number of electrons
the p-type material has vacancies as a result of missingelectrons (p = positive).
The p-n junction is the critical component of afunctioning solar cell.
Photovoltaics
The Photovoltaic Principle - Cells
•The majority of the light is absorbed in the “p-silicon” layer
• some electrons push through the p-n junction into the n-silicon layer.
•The freed electrons flow through the wire grid
Photovoltaics
The Photovoltaic Principle
•One single-crystal silicon solar cell with a surface area of approximately 100 cm2 (16 in2) generates a current of 3 A at a voltage of 0.5 V when exposed to full sunshine.
Photovoltaics
The Photovoltaic Principle
Photovoltaics
Efficiencies
Photovoltaics
PV Modules
Flexible photovoltaic modules made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) on stain - less steel
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
•The light-generated current flows out of the cell surface and through a metal grid called the front contact.
•The cell’s bottom layer is called the back contact and forms a bridge to an external circuit.
Photovoltaics
The Photovoltaic Principle - Modules
I-V curve and characteristicparameters for a typical module
Photovoltaics
• Open circuit voltage (VOC): no current.
• Pn under STC: peak power (Vn and In).
• Short circuit current (ISC)
Photovoltaics
The Photovoltaic Principle - Modules
An example of a typical PV module data sheet
Photovoltaics
Solar cells 100 mm x 100 mm, 36 in series
• Voltage is derated by 0.0022 V/K above STC
• In bright sunlight module is 35°F-70°F above the ambient temperature.
Photovoltaics
The Photovoltaic Principle - Modules
Photovoltaics
PV System Arrangement
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
Advantages of PV
Photovoltaics
Industry Claim
Photovoltaics
*)Assuming volume installations. Individual rooftop systems can be up to twice this price
Photovoltaics
More Cautious AEE Assessment
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
Holographic PV Planer Concentrator - HPPC
Photovoltaics
Holographic PV Planer Concentrator - HPPC
Solar Thermal
Solar Thermal
Conventional Flat Plate Collector
Solar Thermal
Passive Thermo-siphon Collector
Solar Thermal
Evacuated Tube Collector
Solar Thermal
Solar Hot Water System
Solar Thermal
Solar Thermal
Solar Thermal
Solar Thermal