php and sql server: connection ist2101. typical web application interaction (php, jsp…) database...
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PHP and SQL Server: Connection
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Typical web application interaction
(php, jsp…)
database drivers
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When you query a database…
Step2. Select the database
Step1. Connect to the MS SQL serverServer Name: upsqlAuthentication: SQL Server Authentication
Step3. Input a query and execute it to get result
Step4. When you are done, close the application
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Let PHP do it for you…
Basic Steps for PHP Database Access:1. Connect to the MS SQL server and access the
database– connect
2. Perform SQL operations– Query– Get the results and update on the webpage– Most of the work are in this step
3. Disconnect from the server– close
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Example
• http://my.up.ist.psu.edu/zuz22/query.php
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Try it yourself
1. Download query.php from the course website and save it to your IST webspace
2. Open query.php using Notepad++ and modify the database information (important!)
3. Visit the PHP page and query the database:– http://my.up.ist.psu.edu/YourPSUID/query.php
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Modify the Database Information
Input your own information
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Connect to the Server
Attention: you may not have PROJECT table in your database! Check out what tables you have!
Go to MS SQL Management Studio Go to your database (your PSUID)Go to TablesIf you do not have any table in your database, download the scripts “SQL-Create-Tables.sql” and “SQL-Insert-Data.sql” from course website (week4-2) to create tables
Visit http://my.up.ist.psu.edu/YourPSUID/query.php
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HTML Form and PHPGet the table name from HTML form
In PHP, fetch the table name from $_POST
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Step 1. Open a DB Connection
• Open a connection to a database server– MS SQL Server:
• $connection = sqlsrv_connect( $hostName, $connectionInfo )
• More spec: http://php.net/manual/en/function.sqlsrv-connect.php
• The sqlsrv_connect function returns a resource handle $connection if it connects to the database successfully
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$hostname
‘UID’‘PWD’
Same parameters when you try to log in SQL server using MS Management Studio:
‘Database’
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Step 2-1. Use SQL to Query your DB
• Run a query with PHP – MS SQL Server:
• $query_result = sqlsrv_query($connection, $query);– It returns a result handle $query_result – We need the result handle ($query_result) to
fetch result data
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If input table is “project”, the generated query is “SELECT * FROM project”
Execute the SQL command “SELECT * FROM project”
Same as you execute SQL in Management studio:
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Step 2-2. Fetch query results
• Fetch the fields in the results – MS SQL Server:
• $fieldMetadata = sqlsrv_field_metadata($query_result);• $fieldname= $fieldMetadata['Name'];
– More spec:• http://php.net/manual/en/function.sqlsrv-field-metadata.php
• Get the data from each row – MS SQL Server:
• $line = sqlsrv_fetch_array($query_result, SQLSRV_FETCH_ASSOC)• The row ($line) is returned as an array.
– More spec:• http://php.net/manual/en/function.sqlsrv-fetch-array.php
IST210 15Result in management studio Result shown on webpage (in table)
Put the result in the table
Fetching all the fields and print the field names
The header is the field
Fetching each row of the result
Fetching each column of that row$line is an array, $cell is an element in the arrayRefer to previous lectures for array, loop, and table
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Step 2-other. Other queries for your DB
• You can also insert/update/delete records– MS SQL Example
$query=“INSERT INTO USERS (UserID, UserName) VALUES(1, \‘Leon\’)” $query_result = sqlsrv_query($connection, $query)
• You can even create/delete/alter db objects– MS SQL Example
$query=“DROP TABLE USERS” $query_result = sqlsrv_query($connection, $query)
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Step 3. Close a DB connection
• You should close a DB connection to release resources– MS SQL Server:
• sqlsrv_close($connection);
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Error Handling
• All php DB functions return NULL (or false) if they fail– The database server is not running– Insufficient privileges to access the data source– Invalid username and/or password
• Several functions are helpful in graceful failure– die(string) - halts and displays the string– sqlsrv_errors() - returns text of error
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Error Handling examplesMethod One:
if (!($connection = sqlsrv_connect( $hostName, $connectionInfo )))
die("ERROR: connecting database server failed ");
Method two:
$connection = sqlsrv_connect( $hostName, $connectionInfo ) or die("ERROR: connecting database server failed");
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Other PHP MSSQL Classes
• http://php.net/manual/en/book.sqlsrv.php– Functions: allowing plugging-in variables
In-Class Exercise• Modify query.php, allowing to specify attributes
– If no input for attributes, show the table– If some input for attributes, show the selected columns– Example: http://my.up.ist.psu.edu/zuz22/query-attr.php
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Hints
You need to modify these two parts
Now, you need to query given attributes not the whole table. What query you should generate?Also, when there is no input for attributes, you need to show all the results. So think about using if…else… statement
You need to have a new input for attribute names