phu gia chong dong von

Tiu lun: Ph gia thc phm

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hong Yn

VIN CNG NGH SINH HC THC PHM Bi tiu lun: PH GIA THC PHM ti:

TM HIU V PH GIA NHM CHNG NG VN

GVHD: NGUYN TH HONG YN

MSP : 210502601SVTH: PHAN TRNG HNGMSSV: 10060991

Tp H CH MINH Thng 4 Nm 2015

MC LC Trang

M u3

Ni dung4

I.Khi qut v ph gia41. nh ngha4

2.cc yu cu khi s dng ph4

3 cc tc dng tch cc khi s dng ph gia thc phm 54 mt s tc dng c th ca ph gia5

5 nhng nguy hi ca ph gia thc phm6

II.Phn loi ph gia6 1.theo nhm chc nng6

2 theo mc ch7

III.Ph gia chng ng vn71.1.Khi nim71.2.Lch s71.3.Hin tng ng vn trong thc phm71.4.C ch chung ca cht chng ng vn81.5.Phn loi81.6.Cc cht chng ng vn81.6.1.Magnesium 81.6.2.Calcium silicate91.6.3.Acid tartaric101.6.4.Mui ca acid bo121.6.5.Magnesium oxyd131.6.6.Silic dioxid13

1.6.7.Sodium Aluminum Silicat141.6.8Calcium Aluminum silicat14

1.6.9.Aluminum silicat151.6.10.Calcium cacbonate15

1.6.11.Sodium sulphate16

1.6.12.Cellulose17

1.6.13.Amonium polyphosphate18

1.6.14.Isomalt191.6.15.Sorbitol201.6.16.Manitol231.6.17.Bt talc23

1.6.18.

Kt lun23Ti liu tham kho26M UT rt xa xa con ngi bit s dng mui, p tht, c, dng ng mui da chua, gia tng thi gian bo qun thc phm. iu chng t ph gia ra i t rt lu i. Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh ha hc ngy cng c nhiu loi ph gia b sung vo thc phm nhm lm tng thm gi tr dinh dng, ko di thi gian bo qun hoc lm tng tnh cm quan ca thc phm.

Hin nay ph gia thc phm tr thnh mt vn quan trng v ht sc cn thit. Vit Nam c 22 nhm ph gia thc phm vi 337 loi ph gia c a vo danh mc s dng. Ngoi nhng cht c ngun gc thin nhin, khng c hi (agar, dextrin, gelatin) v c th s dng gii hn cao hay khng gii hn cn c nhng cht ph gia tng hp bng nhng cht ha hc hoc khng tinh khit th liu lng s dng hn ch. Nh chng ta bit ph gia thc phm l tri tim ca ngnh cng ngh thc phm. bng nhng phu gia v mu sc m chng ta c mu caramen, nh tartrazin(102) m ta c mu vng. nh c nhng cht to v ngt nh nitri glutamate, acid acetic, cht n nh, cht nh tng ha, cht chng oxy ha, cht bo qun m chng ta c nhng sn phm thc phm rt ngon v tin li.trong s chng ta khng th khng k ti nhm ph gia chng ng vn. ph gia ny v ang ng gp rt ln vo s ra i ca nhiu sn phm c a chung trn th trng, cng nh s pht trin ca nhiu thng hiu.

Tuy nhin s dng mt cch tt nht ph gia thc phm ngi sn xut cn c ci tm vi ngh nghip. phi thc s hiu ph gia s dng s dng sao cho t kt qu tt m sc khe ngi tiu dung vn c an ton.Bi lm ca em cn nhiu s si mong c v cc bn ng gp them cho bi c tt hnEm xin cm nI. KHI QUT V PH GIA1. nh ngha

theo FAO: ph gia khng phi l cht dinh dng c them vo cc sn phm vi cc nh khc nhau. Thng thng cc cht ny c hm lng thp dung ci thin tnh cht cm quan,cu trc mi v nh bo qun sn phm.

theo y ban tiu chun ha thc phm quc t (Codex Alimentarius Commisson CAC): ph gia mt cht c hay khng c cht dinh dng, khng c tiu th thng thng nh mt thc phm v cng khng c s dng nh mt thnh phn ca thc phm. vic b sung chng vo thc phm gii quyt mc ch cng ngh trong sn xut, ch bin, bao gi, bo qun, vn chuyn thc phm, nhm ci thin kt cu hoc tnh k thut ca thc phm . ph gia thc phm khng bao gm cc cht gy nhim hoc cc cht c b sung vo thc phm nhm duy tr hay ci thin thnh phn dinh dng ca thc phm.

theo TCVN : ph gia thc phm l nhng cht khng c coi l thc phm hay mt thnh phn ch yu ca thc phm, c hoc khng c gi tr dinh dng, m bo an ton cho sc khe, c ch ng cho vo thc phm vi mt liu lng nh nhm duy tr cht lng, mi v, kim hoc acid ca thc phm, p ng v yu cu cng ngh ch bin, ng gi, vn chuyn v bo qun thc phm.nh vy, ph gia thc phm khng phi l thc phm m n c b sung mt cch c ch , trc tip hoc gin tip vo thc phm, ci thin tnh cht hoc c tnh k thut ca thc phm . ph gia thc phm tn ti trong thc phm nh mt thnh phn ca thc phm vi mt gii hn ti a cho php c quy nh. vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh hin nay gii hn s dng ph gia thc phm ngy cng chnh xc hn m bo an ton cho ngi s dng thc phm, thng xuyn cp nht nhng pht trin mi v ph gia thc phm m bo an ton khi b sung ph gia vo thc phm.

2. cc yu cu khi s dng phu gia

ch c php sn xut, nhp khu, kinh doanh ti th trng Vit Nam cc ph gia thc phm trong danh mc v phi c chng nhn ph hp tiu chun cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm ca c quan c thm quynvic s dng ph gia thc phm trong danh mc trong sn xut, ch bin, x l, bo qun, bao gi v vn chuyn thc phm phi thc hin theo Quy nh v cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm ca B Y T.vic s dng ph gia thc phm trong danh mc phi m bo:

ng i tng thc phm v liu lng khng vt qu gii hn an ton cho php.

p ng cc yu cu k thut, v sinh an ton quy nh cho mi cht ph gia.

Khng lm bin i bn cht, thuc tnh t nhin vn c ca thc phm.

Cc cht ph gia thc phm trong Danh mc lu thng trn th trng phi c nhn y cc ni dung theo quy nh.

Yu cu i vi c s sn xut, ch bin thc phm : trc khi s dng mt ph gia thc phm cn ch xem xt:

Cht ph gia c nm trong Danh mc hay khng ?

cht ph gia c c s dng vi loi thc phm m c s nh s dng hay khng ?

gii hn ti a cho php ca cht ph gia i vi thc phm l bao nhiu?

ph gia c dung cho thc phm hay khng? C bo m cc quy nh v cht lng v sinh an ton, bao gi, ghi nhn theo quy nh hin hnh khng?3. Cc tc dng tch cc ca ph gia thc phm

nu s dng ng loi, ng liu lng, cc phj gia thc phm c tc dng tch cc:

to c nhiu sn phm ph hp vi s thch v khu v ca ngi tiu dung

gi c cht lng ton vn ca thc phm cho ti khi s dng.

to s d dng trong sn xut, ch bin thc phm v lm tng gi tr thng phm hp dn trn th trng.

ko di thi gian s dng ca thc phm

4. mt s tc dng c th ca ph gia

lm tng gi tr dinh dng: vic b sung cht dinh dng c th l tr li thnh phn dinh dng mt i do vic ch bin thc phm, hoc cho them nhng cht vn khng c trong thc phm . Nh bnh m, bt, go c them vitamin B l thnh phn mt khi xay xt hay vic cho them mui I t vo mui, them vitamin A, vitamin D vo sa..

gi cho thc phm an ton, ti lu hn: thc phm thng b mt s vi khun, nm c, mc, men lm h hng. cht ph gia c th gip bo qun, lm chm h thi, gi c phm cht v v hp dn ca thc phm. nh sulfit c cho vo cc loi tri cy kh, nitrit v nitrat c cho them vo cc loi tht ch bin nh xc xch, tht mui, tht hp.mt s thc phm sau lun c cho thm cc cht ph gia c th bo qun c trong thi gian di: ung, thc phm nng, tri cy ng hp, bnh m. Cc loi thc phm c them cht chng oxy ha trnh c mi, cht mu nh du, m, du gim lm thay i b ngoi ca thc phm: c nhiu cht ph gia c cho vo thc phm vi mc ch tng v b ngoi hp dn nh l :

cht lm cho mn n c m, khng kh cng, hi phng ln v gia v khng dnh vi nhau nh cht nh ha lecithin sa, long trng, u nnh, glycerin gi m v cc gia v trong du gim, b lc cht chng kh cng, ng cc , dnh li vi nhau nh canxi silicate, silicon dioxyd. Cc cht ny c tc dng ngn bt, ng, mui ht nc ri dnh li vi nhau.

cht lm n nh mui bicarbonate, bt n, natri phosphate hoc mt s loi men c dung khi lm bnh nng, bnh m gip cho bnh mm xp, nh hn.

cht phu gia gip cc nguyn liu d ha vo nhau.

cht lm thay i axit, kim ca thc phm, nhm mc ch thay i cu trc, hng v cng nh tng s an ton ca mn n nhu kali, axit tartaric, axit lactic, axit citric.. lm tng mi v v sc hp dn ca thc phm : mt s cht mu c cng dng lm cho thc phm c v ngoi hp dn hn hoc phc hi mu sc nguyn thy ca thc phm, lm cho cc mn n khc nhau c cng mu, duy tr hng v vitamin d phn hy v nh sng, to cho thc phm c dng v c trng, d phn bit, cht mu c th l ha cht tng hp hoc cht mu thin nhin ly t thc vt, cht mu thng c s dng l beta caraten ( tin t vitamin A), nc c ci ng, c rt, ngh

tc dng khc: cung cp thm mt vi thnh phn p ng nhu cu dinh dng cho mt s i tng c bit nh ng ha hc to v ngt cho thc phm nhng chng khng sinh hoc t sinh nng lng nn c s dng thay th ng cho bnh nhn i tho ng v bnh nhn bo ph.

5. nhng nguy hi ca ph gia thc phm

nu s dng ph gia thc phm khng ng liu lng, chng loi nht l nhng ph gia khng cho php dung trong thc phm s gy tc hi cho sc khe:

gy ng c cp tnh: nu dung qu liu cho php, c th gy mn cm nh nga, sung ph, nng bng mt, cng gy, chng mt, t li, nhc u, bun nn gy ng c mn tnh: d liu lng nh, thng xuyn, lin tc, mt s cht ph gia thc phm tch ly trong c th, gy tn thng lu di. C th gy ra mt cm gic n ngon, gim cn,tiu chy, rng tc, suy thn, c thn kinh, tiu ng,nguy co hnh thnh khi u, ung th, t bin gen, qui thai. Khi pht hin bt c mt cht no gy ng th cho vt th nghim th s b cm s dng cho ngi ngay tc khc bt c liu lng no.

V d : khi s dng thc phm c hn the, hn the s c o thi qua nc tiu 81%, qua phn 1%, qua m hi 3% cn 15% s tch ly trong cc m m, m thn kinh, dn dn tc hi n nguyn sinh cht v ng ha cc amioit, gy ra mt hi chng ng c mn tnh; n khng ngon, gim cn, tiu chy, rng tc, suy thn mn tnh, da xanh xao, ng kinh, tr tu gim st.

Nguy c gy hnh thnh khi u, ng th, t bin gen, qui thai, nht l cc cht ph gia tng hp.II. Phn loi ph gia1. Theo nhm chc nng:

+ Cc cht iu chnh acid

+ Cc cht iu v

+ Cc cht cht chng ng vn

+ Cc cht chng oxi ha

+ Cc cht n nh

+ Cc cht chng to bt

+ Cc cht bo qun

+ Cc cht to phc kim loi

+ Enzyme

+ Cc cht kh y

+ Cc cht lm bng

+ Cc cht lm rn chc

+ Cc cht nh ha

+ Phm mu

+ Cc cht to bt

+ Cc cht to phc kim loi

+ Cc cht to xp

+ Cht x l bt

2. Theo mc ch:

+ Ph gia dinh dng

+ Ph gia bo qun thc phm: cht chng VSV, nm men, nm mc, cc cht oxi ha.

+ Ph gia tng gi tr cm quan thc phm: cht mu, mi, v.

+ Ph gia s dng ch bin c bit: cc cht lm n nh, cc cht lm nh tng ha

III. Ph gia chng ng vn1.1. Khi nimCht chng ng vn l mt cht ph gia c thm vo thc phm nhm chng s vn cc, ng t li vi nhau ca thc phm. T gip bo v tnh cht ca thc phm, nhng c tnh ban u vn c ca thc phm. N bao gm cc cht nh tinh bt, cacbonat magi v silicat v c thm vo rt nhiu loi thc phm khc nhau nh: sa bt, mui tinh, bt kem sa, c ph, ng 1.2. Lch sVi s ra i v pht trin ca cng nghip ch bin thc phm trong na sau th k 20 th c thm nhiu ph gia thc phm c ra i, c t nhin ln nhn to. V ph gia chng ng vn cng theo ra i. Nhm chng li nhng h hng ca thc phm, qu trnh chng ta bo qun mui, sa bt, ng chng vn cc v lm mt gi tr v cm quan.Ngy nay vi s pht trin ngy cng cao ca cng ngh ha hc cc cht ph gia cng nh cc cht chng ng vn c tng hp ngy cng nhiu v a dng hn, vi xu hng tc dng lu di v gim gi thnh.1.3. Hin tng ng vn trong thc phm

ng vn l hin tng thc phm ht m v vn cc li vi nhau, t gy ra nhng h hng nh m mc, h hi, nh hng n gi tr cm quan cng nh cht lng thc phm.

Mt vi hin tng ng vn xy ra trn nhng thc phm:

3. Trong sa bt: Ngi s dng thng xuyn m ra m vo ly sa v khi pha sa li bt sa gn ly nc m nng c kh nng bc hi nc, bnh nc, phch nc khin sa b m nhanh chng, lm h hi cc vi cht trong sa. 4. Trong mui, ng, gia v cng hay b ng vn li vi nhau, do khi tip xc vi khng kh bn ngoi chng ht m v vn cc li vi nhau, lm h hi..1.4. C ch chung ca cht chng ng vn.Cc cht chng ng vn hot ng bng cch hp th m qu mc ca thc phm hoc bng cch ph cc ht lm cho chng khng thm nc. Mt s cht chng ng vn c th ha tan trong nc, nhng cht khc c th ha tan trong ru hoc cc dung mi hu c khc.

Cht ng vn cn c thm vo thc phm ci thin dng chy. Nu khng c cc cht chng ng vn, cc my bn hng t ng nh c ph, scola s khng to ra c dng chy thng xuyn. Sa bt c th ng li vi nhau trong qu trnh ng gi, ch bin, lu tr lm h hng sn phm.1.5. Phn loi

C 2 loi :

- Nhn to: hu ht cc cht chng ng vn c lm t cht tng hp nh: silicon dioxide (E551), magie v canxi stearates, canxi silicate (E552), cacbon magie (E504) v sodium aluminosilicate (E554)...

- Cc cht chng ng vn n t cc ngun t nhin: cao lanh (E559), talc (E553b) v bentonite (E558)

Mt s cht chng ph gia chng ng vn s dng trong thc phm1.6. Cc cht chng ng vn

1.6.1. Magnesium carbonates C k hiu l E504

Cng thc phn t: MgCO3 Tn khc: magnesit, barring tonite(dihydrate), lansfordite (pentahydrate). dng thng n l mtcht rnmu trng, v nh hnh, vn b. Trong t nhin, n tn ti nh mt mui khong sn ngm nc Cc hnh thc ph bin nht ca Magi cacbonat trong t nhin l mui khan c gi l Magnesit (tc MgCO3khan) v ccmui hydratMagie cacbonat nh cc dng i, tri, pentahydrattng ng v Lansfordite(MgCO3.5H20) l nhng khong sn ph bin cha mui cacbonat ca Magi. c dng trong cc sn phm: ng, sa kh v cc sn phm ca sa, phomat, kem nh rng, chocolate, kem, mui Lng s dng trong mt s sn phm: + Sa kh v cc sn phm sa: 1000mg/kg

+ ng bt, mui: 1500mg/kg

c tnh: c tnh thp nhng nu dng nhiu s gy trm cm, ri lon tim, nguy him trong trng hp tip xc ca da v mt v c th gy kch ng ng h hp v tiu ha trong trng hp ung hoc ht phi.1.6.2. Calcium silicate

E552

INS 552

Cng thc cu to: Ca2SiO4 Dng bt rt mn, mu trng, khng mi, khng v Khng tan trong ethanol v nc nhng n to mt gel vi cc axit khong sn

Di dng hi n ha tan trong axit clohydric

Kch thc ht trong khong 0.02-0.07m c dng trong cc sn phm: sa v cc sn phm ca sa, phomat, ng, mui, kem, sa bt v bt kem, pure thc vt, ng cc, tinh bt, gia v, nc st.. Dng chng ng cng trong cc loi thc phm nhng khng c gi tr dinh dng.

Lng s dng trong mt s sn phm: + Sa kh v cc sn phm sa: 1200mg/kg

+ ng bt, mui: 15000mg/kg+ Pho mt v cc sn phm t sa (tr b): 730-1200 mg / kg

C ch: hp thu m bn trong sn phm, sn phm s c hp th bi mui. Calci silicat hoc polysilicat c sn xut bng hng lot cc phn ng gia cc hp cht cha silic (nh t diatomit v cc hp cht calci t nhin (nh vi, vi thnh phn gm cc nguyn t khc nh magnesi). Ch phm thng mi cn c phn loi da trn cc yu t v hm lng calci, silic dioxyd, gim khi lng khi lm kh, gim khi lng khi nung, pH ca dung dch c trong nc 10%, dung trng, m, sulfat v clorid. N c thm vo t hn 50% lng sn phm cn thm. Calcium silicate ni chung l c cng nhn l an ton (GRAS) thuc FDA HoaK quy nh.

Lng s dng trong mt s sn phmSTTNhm thc phm ML(mg/kg)

1. ng v xi r khc (VD: ng nu, xi r t maple)15000

2. Mui12000

3. Du trn, gia v (bao gm cc cht tng t mui)10000

1.6.3. Acid tartaric

Cng thc cu to: C4H6O6

Cc tn khc: racemic axit, uvic axit, paratartaric axit.

Cng thc phn t:

Cu trc khng gian:

Khi lng phn t: 150,087 g / mol

tan trong nc: 133 g/100ml (20 C)

Ngoi tc dng chng ng th acid tartaric cn c dng chng oxi-ha, nh ha. Cng c th c tch t nc p nho

Acid tartaric dng trong thc phm phi dng bt khng mu, trong sut, khng mi, c v acid, 1g tan trong 0, 8ml nc hoc trong 3ml ethanol. Sau khi sy kh n trng lng khng i 105oC khng cha t hn 99, 5% acid tartaric.

Vi liu lng cao t 4000mg/kg th trng lm cht cc ng vt th nghim: chut, ch, th. Vi liu lng thp hn (khong 1000mg/kg th trng), tm thy tr niu trong nc tiu, c th nh hng n nit huyt, gy cht sau 60 ngy (th nghim trn ch).

Th nghim c tnh di ngy, vi cc liu lng 0, 1%;0, 5%;0, 8%;2% acid tartric, khng thy nh hng g n s pht trin, s sinh sn hoc tn thng cc b phn c th. Acid tartric hu nh khng chuyn ha g trong c th con ngi, 20% c thi qua nc tiu, phn cn li b ph hy trong rut bi cc vi sinh vt.

Lng s dng trong mt s sn phm:STTNhm thc phm ML(mg/kg)

1. Sa ln men (nguyn kem)GMP

2. Cc sn phm tng t phomtGMP

3. Du, m v m th nh tng (dng nc trong du)GMP

4. B v b c cGMP

5. Margarin v cc sn phm tng t (VD: hn hp Margarin v b)100

6. Qu ng lnh1300

7. Qu ngm dm, du, nc mui1300

8. Qu thanh trng pasteur ng hp hoc ng chai1300

9. Mt, mt c c, mt hoa qu3000

10. Hoa qu ngm ng1300

11. Rau, c ngm dm, du, nc mui 15000

12. Cacao, s c la v cc sn phm tng t10000

13. Ko cng, ko mm, ko nuga... 20000

14. Ko cao su30000

15. Cc loi bnh nng10000

16. Tht v sn phm tht bao gm tht gia cm v tht th GMP

17. Thc n trng ming t trng (VD: mn sa trng)2000


19. Vin xp v nc tht5000

20. Thc n b sung cho tr ang tng trng5000

21. Nc rau, qu p 4000

22. Necta rau qu1000

23. Necta qu thanh trng pasteur ng hp hoc ng chai3000

24. Nc gii kht c hng liu, bao gm c nc ung dnh cho th thao, nc ung c hm lng khong cao v cc loi nc ung khc3000

25. Bia v nc gii kht ch bin t mch nha2000

26. Ru tri cyGMP

1.6.4. Mui ca cc acid bo

INS 470 ADI gii hn

Cc sn phm ny cha mui calci, kali v natri ca cc acid myristic, oleic, palmitic, stearic hoc hn hp cc acid ny thu c t m v du n Sn phm thng mi cn c phn loi da trn:

Ch s x phng ha;

im ng c ca cc acid bo thu c t cc mu trn;

Ch s iod;

Cn cn li sau khi nung bao gm c hm lng cc cation;

m

Tnh cht vt l: Tinh th rn hoc bn rn, bng, mu trng hoc vng nht, hoc bt mu trng hoc trng vng. Dng lm cht ng vn ngoi ra cn dng lm cht nh ha.

1.6.5. Magnesium oxyd INS 530

ADI khng gii hn Cng thc ha hc: MgO Khi lng phn t: 40,31g/mol Dng bt trng, bng, thng gi l magnesi oxyd nh hoc dng bt trng tng i cht, thng gi l magnesi oxyd nng. 5g magnesi oxyd nh chim th tch t 40 n 50 ml, trong khi 5 g magnesi oxyd nng chim th tch t 10 n 20 ml. Ch dng lm cht chng ng vn

Thng dng trong sa bt, bt kem

Lng dng 1g/kg dng mt mnh hay kt hp vi tc nhn chng ng vn khc1.6.6. Cc mui natri, kali, calci ferocyanid Tn khc: Sodium ferocyanide, Potassium ferocyanide, Calcium ferocyanideINS 535 (natri ferocyanid)

INS 536 (Kali ferocyanid)

INS 538 (Calci ferocyanid)

ADI = 0 - 0,025 mg/kg th trng Tn ha hc: Natri, kali, calci ferocyanid Cng thc ha hc:Na4Fe(CN)6.10H2O

K4Fe(CN)6.3H2O

Ca2Fe(CN)6.12H2O

Khi lng phn t:

484,1g/mol (natri ferocyanid)

422,4 g/mol (Kali ferocyanid)

508,3 g/mol (Calci ferocyanid)

Tinh th hoc bt tinh th mu vng Ch th hin kh nng chng ng vn cho thc phmLng s dng trong thc phm:

1.6.7. Magnesium Carbonate Hydroxide

INS 504(ii)

Cng thc phn t: 4 MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.4H2O

Tn khc: Basic magnesium carbonate, Hydromagnesite

Khi lng phn t: 468 g/mol

C dng bt, th, b, ht m tt

Mu trng, khng mi, tnh kim

Khng tan trong nc v ethanol

- c s dng lm cht chng ng vn trong thc phm ngoi ra cn c dng trong phng th nghim v trong dc phm.

C ch tc ng khi cho vo thc phm: khi cho vo thc phm n tc dng hp th m trong vt liu thc phm v ngn chng ng vn li vi nhau1.6.8. Silic dioxyd Tn khc: Silicon dioxyde, Silica

Tn ha hc: Silic dioxyd

E551

Cng thc ha hc: SiO4 Khi lng phn t:

INS 551

ADI khng gii hn Cc ch phm c quy nh bi quy chun ny bao gm: silica dng aerogel (silic dioxyd kt ta); silicagel dehydrat. Ch phm thng mi cn c phn loi da trn ch tiu gim lhi lng khi l kh v cc mui c th ion ha. Silica dng aerogel: silica cu trc siu mn dng bt hay ht nh.

Silica hydrat ha: l silic dioxyd kt ta, hydrat ha dng bt v nh hnh, hoc ht. Lng dng trong mt s loi thc phm:

Mui tinh: 10g/kg ng bt, Dextro bt, vin xp: 15g/kg, dng mt mnh hay kt hp vi cht chng ng vn khc Bt gia v: 15g/kg Bt sa : 10g/kg, dng mt mnh hay kt hp vi cht chng ng vn khc

Bt kem sa: 1g/kg, dng mt mnh hay kt hp vi cht chng ng vn khc

S dng trong thc phm ch c chc nng chng ng vn.

1.6.9. Sodium Aluminum Silicate Tn khc: Sodium aluminosilicate; Sodium silicoaluminate INS 554 ADI: CX Cng thc ha hc: NaAlSiO4 Khi lng phn t:

Bt v nh hnh hoc ht nh mu trng, khng mi Khng tan trong nc v ethanol, t tan trong acid mnh v hydroxyd kim Gm cc dng ca natri nhm silicat hydrat. Ch phm thng mi cn c phn loi da trn hm lng nhm oxyd, silic dioxyd, natri oxyd, gim khi lng khi lm kh, gim khi lng khi nung v pH ca khi hn dch trong nc. Lng dng trong mt s loi thc phm: Mui tinh: 10g/kg Bt gia v: 20g/kg Bt sa, Bt kem sa: 10g/kg1.6.10. Calcium Aluminum silicate Tn khc: Aluminium calcium silicate; Calcium aluminosilicate; Calcium silicoaluminate; sodium calcium silicoaluminate INS 556 PTWI (lng n vo hng tun tm thi chu ng c)= 1 mg/kg th trng Bt mn mu trng, trn chy Khng tan trong nc v ethanol. Thng dng trong mui tinh Gii hn cho php ti a l 10g/kg Lng s dng trong mt s loi thc phm:

STTNhm thc phm ML(mg/kg)

1. Sa bt, bt kem (nguyn cht)10000

2. Go, go tmGMP

3. ng v xi r khc (VD: ng nu, xi r t maple)15000

4. Mui20000


6. Nc qu p thanh trng pasteur ng hp hoc ng chaiGMP

7. Ru vangGMP

1.6.11. Aluminum silicate Tn khc: Aluminium silicate; Cao lanh (nh hoc nng)

E559

Cng thc ha hc:Al2 (SiO4)3 INS 559

PTWI = 1 mg/kg th trng L nhm silicat hydrat ha c trong t nhin, loi phn ln cc tp cht bng cch gn ra v sy kh. Ch phm thng mi cn c phn loi da trn cc tiu ch v clorid, tp cht, c ht, gim khi lng khi lm kh, gim khi lng khi nung v gi tr pH. Bt mm, hi trng, khng c sn, khng mi. Khng tan trong nc, ethanol v cc acid khong. Dng trong cc thc phm: Sa bt, bt kem sa Thng dng kt hp vi cc cht ng vn khc1.6.12. Calcium cacbonat

E170 ADI khng gii hn

Cng thc ha hc: CaCO3

Khi lng phn t: 100,087 g/mol L cht bt mu trng Khng ha tan trong nc Cht ny thng c tm thy di dng khp ni trn th gii, l thnh phn chnh trong mai/v ca cc loi s, c hoc v cac sn. N l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra hin tngnc cng. Cacbonat canxi c tm thy trong t nhin trong cc khong cht v sau:

Aragonit Canxit phn vi Cm thchhay hoa

Travertin V trng c ti 95% l cacbonat canxi.

L mtph gia thc phm, n c s dng trong mt s sn phm ca sa u nnh nhm chng ng vn sa v cngnh mt ngun b sung khu phn canxi. nh hng: Mt s nghin cu ngn hn (thng thng di 90 ngy) c thc hin vi cacbonat canxi chut cng, chut v mo, iu tra nh hng ca ch n hm lng canxi cao trn cc thng s sinh l v sinh ha khc nhau.Nhng nghin cu ny cng c nh gi c tnh ca cacbonat canxi trong ch n ung, nh biu hin nh hng n tng trng v tiu th thc phm. Sau khi hp thu ng rut, cc ion canxi v cacbonat / bicarbonate vo con ng trao i cht bnh thng v c th.Phn ln canxi hp th c lu tr trong b xng.Canxi d tha c bi tit nc qua thn (v cng phn v da) v cacbonat d tha c o thi di dng carbon dioxide thng qua h hp.Lng s dng trong mt s sn phm:


1. Kem thanh trng pasteur2000

2. Kem thanh trng, x l nhit cao (UHT), kem tch bo5000

3. Kem thanh trng, x l nhit cao (UHT), kem tch bo10000

4. Tht, tht gia cm v tht th ti dng xay nh1500

5. Thy sn, sn phm thy sn ng lnh, k c nhuyn th, gip xc, da gai GMP

6. Thy sn, sn phm thy sn xay nh ng lnh, k c nhuyn th, gip xc, da gaiGMP

7. Thy sn, sn phm thy sn hun khi, sy kh, ln men hoc p mui, k c nhuyn th, gip xc, da gaiGMP

8. Thc n cho tr em di 1 tuiGMP

9. Thc n b sung cho tr ang tng trngGMP

10. Nc qu p thanh trng pasteur ng hp hoc ng chaiGMP

11. Ru vang3500

1.6.13. Sodium sulfate Cng thc phn t: Na2SO4 Khi lng phn t: 142,04g/mol(khan) v 322,20g/mol (decahydrate)

Tn gi khc: disodium monosulfate, mui Natri, bnh Saft..

L tinh th rn mu trng, khng mi Tan trong nc, khng tan trong ethanol

Dng trong cc sn phm tinh bt, thc n cho gia sc.. c tnh: Mc d natri sunfat thng c coi l khng c hi,nhng n phi c x l cn thn.Bi c th gy ra bnh hen suyn tm thi hoc b d ng mt, nguy c ny c th c ngn chn bng cch s dng vt bo v mt, dng mt n giy.1.6.14. Cellulose E460i Lhp cht cao phn tc cu to t cclin ktcc mt xch -D-Glucose, ccng thc cu tol (C6H10O5)nhay [C6H7O2(OH)3]ntrong n c th nm trong khong 5000-14000. L thnh phn ch yu cu to nnvch t bo thc vt. Dng bt trng Trongg l kim, cellulose chim khong 41-49%, trongg l rngn chim 43-52%th tch. L cht mu trng, khng mi, khng v Cellulose khng tan trongncngay c khi un nng v ccdung mi hu cthng thng.Tan trong mt sdung dchacid v cmnh nh: HCl, HNO3,...v mt s dung dchmui: ZnCl2, PbCl2,... thnh pphn chnh to nn lpmng t bothc vt, gip cho cc m thc vt c bn c hc v tnh n hi. Cellulose c nhiu trong bng (95-98%), ay, gai, tre, na, g... (Cellulose chim khong 40-45% trong g) Trong thc phm Cellulose ngoi tc dng chng ng vn cn c tc dng lm c, nh ha. L loi ph gia mi c s dng. Cc dng khc nhau ca cellulose c cng nhn l cht thc phm an ton (GRAS) theo Cc qun l Thc phm v Dc. Ht cellulose nh to nn s ng nht cho sn phm thc phm, chng ng vn v dnh cho cc sn phm nh trn salad, nc st tht nng, c nc , kem.To dai kt cu vng chc hn cho cc mn nng.Cellulose cng gip nm bt v duy tr m v gi cho cc sn phm kh. Lng s dng trong sa v cc sn phm ca sa (tr phomat): 10000mg/kg

Dng trong cc loi thc phm nh: sa, phomat, kem, bnh ko, nc tri cy, pure, b, cc sn phm t u nnh, gia v, nc st, bia, ru vang...1.6.15. Ammonium polyphotphate E545 Ammonium phosphatelmuiammoniavaxit phosphoric Ha tan trong nc Cng thc phn t:((NH4) 3PO4)nv bao gmcc cationamonivphosphateanion N ha tan trong nc, v cc gii php dung dch nc vo un si mt ammonia v phosphate acid(NH4) 3PO4c hnh thnh. Khi lng phn t: 149,09g/mol

Cc thuc tnh ca polyphosphate amoni ph thuc vo s lng cc monome trong mi phn t. Chui ngn (n 1000)nhng ngn polymer chui(v d nhpyro, tripoly-, v tetrapoly) ha tan hn v hin th ngy cng tng tnh ha tan vi chiu di chui ngy cng tng.

Polyphosphate Amoni c s dng nh mt ph gia thc phm vcht chuyn th sa, gip cho sa khng ng vn li.

c tnh: Polyphosphate Amoni, axit phosphoric v mui ca nNi chung c cng nhn l an ton, khng gy kch ng da hoc mt, khng gy d ng v t bin. MTDI: 70 mg / kg /ngy Lng s dng trong mt s sn phm:


1. Sa v sa b440

2. ung c sa, c hng liu hoc ln men (VD: sa s c la, sa cacao, bia trng, sa chua ung, sa c)660

3. Kem (nguyn cht) v cc sn phm tng t 1100

4. Cc sn phm tng t phomt6600

5. M v du thc vt110

6. M ln, m ng vt, du c v du ng vt khc110

7. B v b c c440

8. Margarin v cc sn phm tng t (VD: hn hp Margarin v b)110

9. Qu ngm dm, du, nc mui240

10. Qu thanh trng pasteur ng hp hoc ng chai200

11. Mt, mt c c, mt hoa qu275

12. Hoa qu ngm ng10

13. Ko cng, ko mm, ko nuga... 1300

14. Ko cao su22000

15. Bt v tinh bt9980

16. Cc loi bnh nng9300

17. Cc loi bnh m9300

18. Tht, tht gia cm v tht th ti 1100

19. Sn phm tht, tht gia cm v tht th nguyn ming hoc ct nh x l nhit1540

20. Sn phm tht, tht gia cm v tht th ng lnh nguyn ming hoc ct nh 1100

21. C tiGMP

22. Nhuyn th, gip xc, da gai ti2200

23. Cc sn phm c, ng vt nhuyn th, gip xc, da gai xay nh ng lnh1100


25. Trng mui v trng ng hp220


27. Vin xp v nc tht ng hp, ng chai v ng lnh n ngay4600

28. Nc chm v cc sn phm tng t8000

29. Nc rau, qu p 2500

30. Necta rau qu2500

31. Nc gii kht c hng liu, bao gm c nc ung dnh cho th thao, nc ung c hm lng khong cao v cc loi nc ung khc12000

32. C ph, ch, nc ung c dc tho v cc loi ung t ng cc, khng k nc ung t cacao440

33. Bia v nc gii kht ch bin t mch nha12000

34. Ru tri cy220

35. Snack c ch bin t ng cc1300

1.6.16. Isomalt

Cng thc phn t: C12H24O11 Khi lng mol: 344,31236g/mol L mt cht lm ngt v khng ng L hn hp hai ru disaccharides: gluco-mannitol v gluco-sorbitol.

L mt mu trng khng mi, tinh th cht c cha khong 5% nc kt tinh Khng nh hng n hm lng glucose v insulin trong mu khi a vo c th, ngn chn bo ph, tiu ng, tim mch. c dng trong: chewing-gum, chocolate, cc loi thc phm nng..

Dng trong thc phm ch yu lm ngt, ngoi ra cn c tc dng ng vn. Lng s dng trong mt s thc phm:

STTNhm thc phm ML

1. Sa ln men (nguyn kem), c x l nhit sau ln menGMP

2. Tht, tht gia cm v tht th ti dng xay nhGMP

3. Thy sn, sn phm thy sn ng lnh, k c nhuyn th, gip xc, da gai GMP


5. Du trn, gia v (bao gm cc cht tng t mui)GMP

6. Thc n cho tr em di 1 tuiGMP

7. Thc n b sung cho tr ang tng trngGMP

1.6.17. Sorbitol

Cng thc cu to: C6H14O6 L mtru ngm c th con ngi chuyn ha chm.N c th c thu c bng cchgimglucose, thay ialdehydenhm vi mt nhmhydroxyl. Sorbitol c tm thy trong to, l, o, v mn. N c tng hp bi sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, v chuyn i sang fructose succinate dehydrogenase vdehydrogenasorbitol. N cng xy ra t nhin trongnhiutri cyv qu t cc cy cagingSorbus. c tnh: Sorbitol cng c th lm nng thmhi chng rut kchthchv iu kin tngt nhtiu ha, dn n au bng nghim trng cho nhng ngi b nh hng. T chc thc phm v thuc M cng b lng Sorbitol c th tiu th hng ngy i vi c th l 50g/ngi/ngy. Bi v n l thp hn trong calo hn ng, sorbitol thng c s dng trong cc sn phm ng v cc sn phm khng c thm ng Tc dng lm ngt, gi m, nh ha cn c tc dng chng ng vn. N thng dng chng li s mt m, dng cho nhng sn phm c xu hng tr nn kh hoc cng li theo thi gian. c dng trong: chewing-gum, chocolate, cc loi thc phm nng..

1.6.18. Mannitol Cng thc phn t: C6H8(OH)6 Mannitoll tinh th mu trng Hng v d chu. Polyolny c s dng nh mtthuc li tiu thm thui l v mtthuc gin mchthnyu. Mannitol l mtru ng, n c ngun gc t mt ng Mannitol v sorbitol l ng phn, s khc bit duy nht l nh hng ca nhm hydroxyl trn carbon Mannitol thng c hnh thnh thng qua hydro ca fructose, c hnh thnh t mt tronghai tinh bthocng. Mannitol l mt trong cc phn t lu tr nng lng v carbon c nhiu nht trong t nhin, c sn xut bi rt nhiu cc sinh vt, bao gm c vi khun, nm men, nm, to, a y, v nhiu loi thcvtln men bi cc vi sinh vt l mt gii php thay th c th cng nghip truyn thng tng hp, sn xut sn lng cao hn nhiu ca mannitol, vi ti thiu c sn phm ph. c tnh: Mannitol khng kch thch s gia tng glucose mu, v do c sdng nh mtcht lm ngtchonhng ngi b bnh tiung, vnu rng nhai.N cng cch s ng huytthp. Khi mannitol ha tan hon ton trong sn phm, n gy ra tc dng lm mt mnh m. Ngoi ra, n cht mrt thp - n khng nhn nc t khng kh cho n khi m l 98%.iu ny lm cho mannitol rt hu ch nh l mt lp ph cho ko cng, tri cy sy kh, v n thng bao gm nh l mt thnh phn trong bnh ko v ko cao su.Chng li s ng vn ca bnh ko, kem.1.6.19. Bt talc

L mtkhongcht baogmmagisilicat ngmnc vi cng thc ha hc: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 dng lng, l cht c s dng rng ri c gi l bt talc.N mt khi x. N c kh nn s phn tch rthon ho v linh hot. Talc khng tan trong nc, nhng n l hi ha tan trong axit long. N c mutrngnmu xmhocmu xanh l cy. Bt Talc c FDA cng nhn l an tan dng trong thc phm chng ng vn trong mui n vi nng nh hn 2%. L cht chng ng vn hiu qu, n c kh nng phn tn lm ng nht sn phm, n lm cho cc loi thc phm nh du oliu, ko cao su,.. ng cng li. Talc l hu ch v v hi trong cc sn phm thc phm.N c tnh tr ho hc v i qua c th m khng b tiu ha. N cng l cht to mu thc phm. C ch:bt talc nh mt tc nhn tch bit trong cc sn phm nh go, thc phm dng bt kh, gia v, pho mt, xc xch da hoc mui n.Cc ht talc k nc gn b vi nhng ht ca thc phm, bo v v ngn nga vn cc. Mt ng dng quan trng l trong ko cao su.Mc kim thp ca talc l quan trng,khng hoat ng ha hc, n khng phn ng vi cc thnh phn axit tri cy ca ko cao su. Lm cho ko khng dnh v c bng v mm mi.PHN 1. Sn xut Olive Oil ng dng trong du olive: du liu thng c sn xut trong mt qu trnh c kh nhit m khng lm tn hi n cht lng ca du.Sau khi thu hoch, -liu ra sch, p v sau nghin thnh bt nho.Nc sau c thm vo, v cc vt cht rn c tch ra t du v nc trong mt my ly tm.Sau mt thi gian, du tch ra t nc tch kem ra v ng chai.Thng thng, n khng phi l d dng tch du t cc cht rn. y l nhng c th kt thc trong qu trnh ti u v cui ca qu trnh, khi -liu cha hoc qu t hoc qu nhiu nc. Thi tit xu trong qu trnh chn. Tng t l du liu kh khn. Bt talc thu ht nhiu nc. Nh vy khi ch mt lng nh c thm vo liu,n thu nhng git du hnh thnh git ln hn l d dng hn my ly tm.Talc chnh n l tnh tr ho hc, vi kt qu m n khng lm thay i cc c tnh ca bt hoc du. Lm cho du khng b ng li qu trnh ly tm d dng hn. Lng s dng trong mt s sn phm thc phm:STTNhm thc phm ML

1. Go, go tmGMP

2. Mui20000


Ngoi ra cn c rt nhiu cht chng ng vn khc c s dng, trn y ch l mt s cht ph bin, cc cht khc nh: Na2CO3, Natri polyphosphat, Kali polyphosphat, mui ca axit myristic, palmitic v stearic (NH4, Ca, Na, K), Dinatri diphosphat, Trikali orthophosphat,Monocanxi orthophosphat, Dinatri orthophosphat, Dikali orthophosphat, Tricanxi orthophosphat, Natri hydro cacbonat, Dinatri tartrat, Dikali tartrat, Kali natri tartrat, Axit orthophosphoric, Mononatri orthophosphate.KT LUNNhn chung ph gia chng ng vn c nhiu li t, n gip chng li nhng h hi trong cc sn phm, chng s vn cc ca cc loi thc phm nh ht nm, mui, ng, sa, phomatlm cho n nh dng chy v ng nht cc sn phm sa cng nh c ngun gc t sa, cc loi nc ngt khc

Nhng song cng c nhiu tc hi, nh hng n h thn kinh v tiu ha, gy ung th.. Nh vy ty theo mc ch v sn phm cn cho cht chng ng vn m ta s dng ng theo liu lng nhm hn ch n mc ti a s nh hng xu ca n n sc khe con ngi.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Gio trnh Ph gia thc phm Trng H Cng Nghip TPHCM.

2. http://www.understandingfoodadditives.org/pages/Ch2p7-1.htm3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticaking_agent4. http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/additives/details.html?id=765. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

6. http://www.foodditive.com/additive

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