phy231’ kirchoff’s’law’1’physicsprc.southernct.edu/docs/231kirchoff1ef.pdf · 47. the...

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PHY231 Kirchoff’s Law 1 Experiment 1: Simple Series and Parallel Circuits Recall and Predict Assume that there is ½ Amp of current through bulb A in Circuit 1 below. Based on your work from last week, predict the amount of current at all the listed points in the following circuits: 1. point a in Circuit 1? 2. point b in Circuit 1? 3. through the battery in Circuit 1? 4. Bulb A in Circuit 2? 5. Bulb B in Circuit 2? 6. point a in Circuit 2? 7. point b in Circuit 2? 8. point c in Circuit 2? 9. through the battery in Circuit 2? 10. Bulb A in Circuit 3? A B Circuit 2 A Circuit 1 b a a b c A B Circuit 3 a b d c

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Page 1: PHY231’ Kirchoff’s’Law’1’physicsprc.southernct.edu/docs/231Kirchoff1EF.pdf · 47. The figure below shows a multi-loop circuit containing one battery and four resistors with

PHY231  

Kirchoff’s  Law  1    

 

Experiment  1:  Simple  Series  and  Parallel  Circuits  

Recall  and  Predict  

Assume  that  there  is  ½  Amp  of  current  through  bulb  A  in  Circuit  1  below.    Based  on  your  work  from  last  week,  predict  the  amount  of  current  at  all  the  listed  points  in  the  following  circuits:  

                                                                                                                 

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                               

 

1. point  a  in  Circuit  1?              2. point  b  in  Circuit  1?    3. through  the  battery  in  Circuit  1?  4. Bulb  A  in  Circuit  2?    5. Bulb  B  in  Circuit  2?    6. point  a  in  Circuit  2?      7. point  b  in  Circuit  2?    8. point  c  in  Circuit  2?      9. through  the  battery  in  Circuit  2?  10. Bulb  A  in  Circuit  3?    

A  

B  

                   Circuit  2    

A  

Circuit  1  

b  

a   a  

b  

c  

A   B  

                   Circuit  3    

 

a   b  

d  

c  

Page 2: PHY231’ Kirchoff’s’Law’1’physicsprc.southernct.edu/docs/231Kirchoff1EF.pdf · 47. The figure below shows a multi-loop circuit containing one battery and four resistors with

11. Bulb  B  in  Circuit  3?    12. point  a  in  Circuit  3?      13. point  b  in  Circuit  3?    14. point  c  in  Circuit  3?      15. point  d  in  Circuit  3?  16. through  the  battery  in  Circuit  3?  

 

Measurements  with  Ammeters  and  Voltmeters  

Set  up  the  circuits  shown  on  the  previous  page-­‐-­‐  one  at  a  time.    We  will  be  using  commercial  resistors  now  rather  than  bulbs  because  their  resistance  is  more  uniform  and  precise.  Make  measurements  of  current  by  inserting  the  ammeter  at  appropriate  points.    Record  the  actual  measurements  of  current  for  the  points  listed  below.      

17. point  a  in  Circuit  1?    18. Bulb  A  in  Circuit  1?  19. Did  you  need  to  move  the  ammeter  to  make  this  measurement?    Explain.  

 

 

   

20. point  b  in  Circuit  1?    21. through  the  battery  in  Circuit  1?  22. point  a  in  Circuit  2?      23. point  b  in  Circuit  2?    24. point  c  in  Circuit  2?      25. Where  could  you  put  the  ammeter  to  measure  the  current  through  Bulb  A?    How  about  

the  current  through  the  battery?  

 

 

 

26. point  a  in  Circuit  3?      27. point  b  in  Circuit  3?    28. point  c  in  Circuit  3?      29. point  d  in  Circuit  3?  

Page 3: PHY231’ Kirchoff’s’Law’1’physicsprc.southernct.edu/docs/231Kirchoff1EF.pdf · 47. The figure below shows a multi-loop circuit containing one battery and four resistors with

30.  Do  your  measurements  match  up  with  your  ideas  about  current  flow  in  circuits?    Explain.  

 

 

 

 

 31. Calculate  the  voltage  across  each  resistor  assuming  that  the  resistance  of  each  is  110  Ω.  

 

 

32. Measure  and  record  the  voltage  across  each  resistor.    Do  your  calculations  and  measurements  agree?  

 

 

 

33. What  is  the  total  resistance  in  each  circuit?  Show  your  calculations  for  the  parallel  circuit.  

 

 

 

 34. Use  the  meter  to  measure  the  voltage  across  the  power  supply.    Record  that  value.  

   

35. Based  on  the  recorded  voltage  and  the  total  resistance  in  the  circuit,  calculate  the  predicted  total  current  in  each  circuit  (this  is  also  the  current  through  the  battery).    Show  your  work.  

 

 

 

Page 4: PHY231’ Kirchoff’s’Law’1’physicsprc.southernct.edu/docs/231Kirchoff1EF.pdf · 47. The figure below shows a multi-loop circuit containing one battery and four resistors with

 

 36. Your  calculated  and  measured  currents  should  agree  to  a  good  extent.    What  is  the  %  

error  between  them?    Show  your  work.        Experiment  2  

       

37.  Calculate  the  equivalent  resistance  of  the  circuit  shown  above  assuming  all  the  resistors  are  110  Ω.  Show  your  work.  

 

 

 

 

38.  Set  up  the  circuit  using  all  110  Ω  resistors.    Measure  the  voltage  across  the  power  supply  in  case  it  has  changed.    Record  that  value.  

39. Based  on  the  measured  voltage  and  equivalent  resistance,  calculate  the  current  through  each  resistor.  

 

 

 

40. Calculate  the  voltage  across  each  resistor.  

 

 

Page 5: PHY231’ Kirchoff’s’Law’1’physicsprc.southernct.edu/docs/231Kirchoff1EF.pdf · 47. The figure below shows a multi-loop circuit containing one battery and four resistors with

 

41. Measure  the  currents  and  voltages  and  record  them.  

 

 

 

42. Replace  resistor  C  with  a  500  Ω  resistor.    Repeat  steps  37-­‐41.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

43. In  what  ways  did  current  and  voltage  measurements  change  when  you  replace  the  resistor?    How  is  this  consistent  with  something  you  learned  in  lab  last  week?  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Some  More  Equivalent  Resistance  Calculations  

44. What  is  the  equivalent  resistance  in  this  circuit  if  all  resistors  are  100  Ω?  

 

Page 6: PHY231’ Kirchoff’s’Law’1’physicsprc.southernct.edu/docs/231Kirchoff1EF.pdf · 47. The figure below shows a multi-loop circuit containing one battery and four resistors with

 

 

45. Calculate  the  equivalent  resistance  for  the  circuit  shown  below  if  Resistors  A  and  C  are    500  Ω  and  Resistors  B,  D  and  E  are  100  Ω.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

46. What is the total resistance in circuit shown below? Let R1=8 Ω, R2=2 Ω, R3=6 Ω, R4=4 Ω and R5=5 Ω.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

R2  

R4  

R3  

R1  

R5  

 

Page 7: PHY231’ Kirchoff’s’Law’1’physicsprc.southernct.edu/docs/231Kirchoff1EF.pdf · 47. The figure below shows a multi-loop circuit containing one battery and four resistors with

47. The figure below shows a multi-loop circuit containing one battery and four resistors with the following values:

R1 = 20 Ω, R2 = 20 Ω, ∆VB = 12 V, R3 = 30 Ω, and R4 = 8.0 Ω. (a) What is the current through the battery? (b) What is the current i1 through R1? (c) What is the current i4 through R4? (d) What is the voltage across R1? (e) What is the voltage across R4? (f) Write the KCR and two KVR equations for this circuit using only symbols. (g) What is the current i3 through R3? (Hint: You will need to apply KVR aka “the loop rule”

here)

Fig. 26-42