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Phylum Ctenophora

Comb Jellies

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Phylum Ctenophora (Comb Bearers)

Defining Characteristics– Plates of fused cilia arranged in rows– Adhesive prey capturing cells (colloblasts)

Comb jellies are delicate, transparent, non-stinging predators

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Ctenophora Structure

Mirip dengan struktur Cnidaria Medusa

Memiliki tubuh yang sangat rapuh

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Ctenophore Structure

Permukaan tubuhnya memliki 8 baris sisir seperti dayung

Dayung sisir ini memiliki ribuan sillia untuk berenang

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Indera Apikal

Indera apikal organ terletak pada permukaan aboral yang digunakan untuk mrngontrol sillia

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Colloblasts

Tentakel digunakan untuk menangkap mangsa yang bersifat lengket– Colloblast discharge an

adhesive thread which is sticky to the touch

Some spp. lack tentacles and the body is studded with colloblasts

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Digestion

Feed on plankton, other ctenophores and other Cnidarian jellies

Gut extends through the entire body; mouth is at the oral end

Anal pore is at the aboral end

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Reproduction

Can rapidly regenerate lost or damaged parts

Usually hermaphrodites Developmental stage

– Cydippid larva, this develops into an adult

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Evolutionary history and Bioluminescence

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Evolutionary History

Characteristic Ctenophores Cnidarians

DevelopmentalStage

Cydippid Planula

DigestiveSystem

Gastrovascularcanals

Gastrovascularcanals

Nematocysts None Present

Colloblast Present None

Sexuality Hermaphroditic Gonochoristic

Musculature Within Mesoglea WithinGastrodermis

Ciliation Multiciliated cells Monociliated cells

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Ctenophore diversity

Most species live in the open ocean and are not well studied

– New studies use submersibles and divers to collect specimens, eliminating specimen destruction by fast towed nets

Phylum Ctenophora– Order Lobata– Order Beroida

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Order Lobata

Order Lobata– Posses long tentacles

throughout the lifecycle– Retractile in nature

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Order Beroida

Order Beroida– Lack tentacles, or oral lobes

– Can consume prey substantially larger than itself