physical and chemical properties chapter 5 section 1

Physical and Physical and Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Chapter 5 Section 1Chapter 5 Section 1

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

Any characteristic that can be observed Any characteristic that can be observed without changing the composition of the without changing the composition of the substancesubstance

Senses can be used to describe the Senses can be used to describe the appearance of the substance ( ex: color, appearance of the substance ( ex: color, smell, texture, etc.)smell, texture, etc.)

Common Physical Common Physical PropertiesProperties

1. State of Matter1. State of Matter Tells if substance is a solid, liquid or gasTells if substance is a solid, liquid or gas

The substance is made of the same thing no The substance is made of the same thing no matter what phase it is inmatter what phase it is in


2. Volume2. Volume Tells how much space an object takes upTells how much space an object takes up

Can be measured using a water displacementCan be measured using a water displacement

Can be calculated using length x width x height Can be calculated using length x width x height for box-shaped objectsfor box-shaped objects

Units are milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cmUnits are milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cm33))


3. Mass3. Mass The amount of matter in an objectThe amount of matter in an object

Measured using a balanceMeasured using a balance

Does not change with locationDoes not change with location

Units are kilograms (kg)Units are kilograms (kg)


WeightWeight The amount of gravity pulling on an objectThe amount of gravity pulling on an object

Can change with location Can change with location

Measured with a spring scaleMeasured with a spring scale

Units are Newtons (N)Units are Newtons (N)

Are you paying attention?Are you paying attention?

A 75 kg astronaut goes to the moon. A 75 kg astronaut goes to the moon.

What is his mass on earth?What is his mass on earth?

What is his mass on the moon?What is his mass on the moon?


5. Density5. Density Tells how much matter is in a certain amount Tells how much matter is in a certain amount

of spaceof space

Density = mass/volumeDensity = mass/volume

Units are g/cmUnits are g/cm33 or g/mL or g/mLD

m

v


6. Solubility6. Solubility Tells how many grams of a substance will Tells how many grams of a substance will

dissolve in 100 grams of waterdissolve in 100 grams of water

Temperature must be held constant when Temperature must be held constant when measuring solubilitymeasuring solubility


7. Melting Point7. Melting Point The temperature at which a solid becomes a The temperature at which a solid becomes a

liquidliquid

Same temperature as freezing pointSame temperature as freezing point


8. Boiling Point8. Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid becomes The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gasa gas

Same temperature as condensation pointSame temperature as condensation point


9. Magnetism9. Magnetism

Some materials are naturally magnetic and Some materials are naturally magnetic and attract ironattract iron

Magnetite and lodestone are examples of Magnetite and lodestone are examples of magnetic rocksmagnetic rocks

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

The substance must be changed to The substance must be changed to observe a chemical propertyobserve a chemical property

Common Chemical PropertiesCommon Chemical Properties– 1. Flammability – the ability to burn1. Flammability – the ability to burn

– 2. reactivity – how strongly one 2. reactivity – how strongly one substance reacts with another substance reacts with another substancesubstance

physical and chemical properties chapter 5 section 1

Documents